Uvavanyo lwe-HIV: ngokwemiqathango intumekelelo, phi kwaye nini ukuthatha

Namhlanje, ukuze bafunde bonke leyo idla kunye uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Imigaqo ukulungela inkqubo, ngokunjalo isithuba ukunikezelwa kwayo - zonke ezi macandelo ochaphazelekayo kunye ngabemi abaninzi. Musa ukuba eyimposiso ukuqonda iimeko apho azihlole kufuneka nakanjani badlule. Eneneni, eRashiya kukho iqela iinkqubo zifuna isiqinisekiso lwempilo abemi. Ukongeza, kuba iziphumo ubuninzi kuya kufuneka bazilungiselele kakuhle le nkqubo. Yonke le nto kufuneka wazi kwangaphambili. Kungenjalo, uhlalutyo akanako ukunika isiphumo efanelekileyo.

Ukuzimisela kwezifo

Okokuqala kufuneka uqonde ukuba uhlobo sifo mbuzo. Mhlawumbi analysis abaqashileyo ingafuneki? Ukuba sifo ingeyongozi kakhulu kwaye ayikho siyasulela, ukuba wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba uyeke kwesi sifundo.

Enyanisweni, usulelo lwe-HIV kuyingozi kakhulu abantu. It luphawulwa Isifo ochaphazela amajoni omzimba omzimba, asitshabalalise. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-HIV - indawo evumayo kuphuhliso AIDS. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba uqonde indlela sifo kuyingozi. AIDS ibizwa nqanaba yokugqibela yale sifo. kuye kwathi nayo immunodeficiency.

ngaba ufuna Xa uvavanyo?

Abantu abaninzi uyazibuza ukuba athathe uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Enyanisweni, lo ummi unelungelo lokuba isicelo omnye okanye kwelinye iziko. Oko kukuthi, xa isicelo sakhe. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho iqela iimeko apho phambi kwesiqinisekiso ukungabikho kosulelo lwe-HIV kufuneka uqiniseke.

Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi:

• uceba ukukhulelwa;
• recruitment;
• ukukhulelwa (kubandakanywa ngengozi);
• Amalungiselelo esibhedlela / ukusebenza;
• ukunciphisa umzimba, kunye ezibukhali okukhawulezayo;
• fever leyo ufikile ngaphandle izizathu kwaye asikwazi bachaza bubukho nezinye izifo;
• sorhudo elide;
• sex oluzenzekelayo rhoqo;
• phambi izifo, ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo;
• igazi (emva kokuba inkqubo);
• ekuzalweni (uvavanyo lwe-HIV kwenziwa ngoko nangoko).

Ngako oko, ngokuqhelekileyo olu hlalutyo yabelwe. Akukho nto ekhethekileyo okanye yingozi kuye. Amaxesha amaninzi abemi ukuba uyavuma ukwenza isifundo esinjalo, azixhalabisa malunga nempilo yabo. Kodwa yintoni enye kufuneka ukwazi izigulane?

ukuya phi?

Umzekelo, apho ukuya ukufumana inkonzo igama. Okwangoku, imiboniso eninzi kunene. konke kuxhomekeke kubudala yomguli kunye nokukhethwa yakhe.

uvavanyo lwe-HIV abakwenzayo:

• kwiiwadi yabakhulelweyo;
• nezibhedlela;
• iiklinikhi (abantu abadala nabantwana);
• kwiiklinikhi zabucala;
• iilebhu abucala;
• namanye amaziko ononophelo lwempilo.

Kanye apho isicelo? Akukho zincomo ngqo. Wonke ummi isigqibo ngayo yaye apho avavanyelwe i-HIV. Imihla ngokufumaneka badla azixhomekekanga kuphela ekufundweni nkqubo, kodwa ukusuka kwisayithi unyango. Njengoko practice ibonisa, kumaziko karhulumente kweziphumo zeemvavanyo kufuneka ulinde ixesha elide. Ukongeza, abucala amaziko ezonyango, iiklinikhi kunye neelabhoratri ngamanye amaxesha zinika uluhlu olubanzi lokufunyaniswa kwesifo. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba siqwalasele ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-HIV ingahoywa ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba unyango

Phambi kokuba ufunde malunga ngeendlela isifo sifo, kucetyiswa ukuba ubone ukuba naziphi na iimpawu kufuneka uye esibhedlele ukwenza uvavanyo. Kwi imeko apho HIV ikhangelwe okhankanywe ngokuyimfuneko. Kodwa ke kaninzi ebomini kukho eziliqela iimpawu ezenza ukuba abantu bacinge malunga nempilo yabo.

Ziziphi iimeko zifuna oku? Igazi wosulelo lwe-HIV kufuneka ziphathwe, ukuba ngummi nesenzeko zilandelayo:

• ukwandisa iindawo nkovu eziliqela, ngokukhawuleza yaye kwaoko;
• utyatyazo emizamweni, nto leyo kudala axhalabe ngalo mntu;
• Iimpawu SARS okanye izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla, hayi ukuzinyanga;
• ukubila ebusuku esisigxina;
• ngequbuliso komzimba;
• fever ucingisise.

Oku mathuba ephazamisayo apho kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukhuseleko lwabo ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Imigaqo ngokufumaneka noxilongo iindlela sithandaze ngezantsi.

PCR ekuxilongweni

Inguqulelo yokuqala kunye uqhelekileyo uvavanyo - a uxilongo PCR. Oku zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuchonga naziphi na izifo. Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, oko isifundo kakhulu ulwazi, xa kuziwa ekubeni uhlalutyo isikhohlela (umzekelo, hepatitis okanye tuberculosis).

Noko ke, amaxesha amaninzi ezi uxilongo PCR - oku xa igazi ithathwa i-HIV. Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwesi sifo. Uvavanyo PCR ibhaqa ngobuciko phezulu kuphela kukho usulelo. Kodwa loo nto uhlobo oko, ayikhankanyi. Ngoko ke, abantu abasoloko bavumelane isifundo.

immunoblotting

Yintoni enye babe uvavanyo lwe-HIV? Imigaqo ngokufumaneka uya kubhengezwa. Okokuqala, kuyanceda ukuqonda isifo iindlela diagnostic. Ngaphandle uvavanyo esele ikhankanywe yi immunoblotting ethandwa kakhulu. It is a uhlobo yophando immunoassay enzyme.

Inceda igazi ukufumanisa ii-antibodies izifo ezithile. Okanye kunoko, kwiiproteni zabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo eso sisetyenziselwa emva kokuba PCR ukuqinisekisa isiphumo. Kuyanceda ukuba ukujonga uhlobo oluthile lwe-HIV, nto leyo eye eyangena ngayo umzimba womntu kwaye zifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

kwi zizifo

Uhlalutyo elandelayo, nto leyo evumela ukufumanisa ubukho HIV ebantwini - kwesi sifundo, ukukhangela imo sifo kwabantu.

Kwenyaniso yokuba intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunciphisa lwee- iiseli CD-4. Zibizwa iintsholongwane ezilungileyo kuvumela umzimba ukuba ulwe izifo ezithile. Njengoko kuqondwe ukuba umntu uneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO?

Iziphumo zovavanyo "kwi zizifo" ilula kakhulu ukuqonda. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umzimba womntu 500 ukuya 1,500 CD-4 iiseli. Ukuba inkomba ngaphantsi kwama-500, ngoko kukho HIV, kodwa usulelo esanda kutshanje. Iziphumo, nto leyo ebonisa phambi ubuncinane 200 iiseli CD-4 - yinto uphawu ezothusayo. Ngenxa yoko, esi sifo kudala akhiwe emzimbeni.

ukuveza

Ngamanye amaxesha oko ngoko nangoko avavanyelwe i-HIV. Imigaqo ngokufumaneka loxilongo ngokukhawuleza ngokomyalelo kwemizuzu emi-5. Sithetha olungachanekanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa isifundo lebyi. Used in Russia kunqabile kakhulu.

Kuthetha ukuthini oku hlalutyo? Uvavanyo luqhelekileyo rapid. It has indlela zinomtya olulodwa, nto leyo efunekayo athontsize igazi. Emva kwemizuzu 5-10, khangela iziphumo. Oko isenokuba elidibanisayo okanye elithabathayo. Isiphumo solu hlobo Uxilongo kunokufaniswa uvavanyo lokukhulelwa.

Uphando efanayo kwi-HIV ayikho imfuneko yayo eninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba amathuba aphezulu iimpazamo kunye neziphumo ezingachanekanga. Ukongeza, uhlobo losulelo uvavanyo olo swi nga hi pfuna ku ukuchaza.

Ifa

Ekunye PCR unesifo idla otyunjwe uhlalutyo ELISA. Yena, ngokunjalo isisihla Western, ukufumanisa ubukho antibodies iiproteni lwe-HIV. Ngokuqhelekileyo, azihlole akasivumeli isifo esichazayo. Wayengenguye akumangalisi ukuba ichanile.

Oogqirha zithi rhoqo ELISA unika isiphumo lobuxoki-HIV. Le meko kungenxa isakhiwo molecule ye lomzimba. Uninzi zizifo kuyafana isakhiwo omzimba kwi-HIV. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ukufumana iziphumo ezidibanisayo yegazi, kodwa umfanekiso wokwenene uya kuthetha koko. Xa kunjalo, uhlalutyo iphindwa indlela emiselweyo okanye diagnostic.

imihla ngokufumaneka

Ixesha le uvavanyo igazi HIV yahlukile. Yithi kanye kuya kufuneka kangakanani ukuba silinde iziphumo, thina asikwazi. Ngapha koko, impendulo iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Phakathi kwezi badla zezi zilandelayo:

• uhlobo yeziko;
• iilebhu umsebenzi;
• olukhetho lukhethiwe sokuhlola.

Kuye kuthiwe iziphumo kwezibhedlele okungxamisekileyo kuya kufuneka ulinde ixesha elide ngaphezu kumaziko abucala. Kungenxa yoko le nto abaninzi bakhetha yokugqibela. Kaninzi ukuvumela kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko ukufumana iziphumo lichaneke kakhulu isifundo.

Esibhedlele karhulumente kuhlalutyo avareji HIV / ihepatitis lokulungela nemihla ebekwe kwiintsuku 4-5. Ke kaloku, njengokuba kusenziwa ibonisa, lo lokuphumla lisebenza naluphi na uhlobo uphando. Emva uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo amaziko karhulumente we-Russian Federation ayinikezeli.

Kodwa ixesha wokwenziwa iimvavanyo zegazi-HIV kwiiklinikhi zabucala kudla iintsuku 2-3. Kodwa practice, eli nani lincitshiswe ukuba ngenye imini. Oko kukuthi, ngosuku olulandelayo kwezinye iikliniki zabucala uya kuba ukulungele neziphumo zovavanyo lwe-HIV. Ukuba kukho uvavanyo okukhawulezayo, ngoko, njengokuba kuthiwe, singakwazi ukufumana impendulo ethile imizuzu 5-10. Noko ke, nangona isantya kokufumana iziphumo, ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba asebenzise uhlobo olufanayo zokufunda.

uqeqesho

Ngoku icacile ukuba abaninzi bakulungele iimvavanyo HIV. Ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuba ukulungiselela uvavanyo. Inyaniso ukuba ukungathotyelwa kunye nemithetho ethile, ungafumana umphumo engachananga. Kwaye oku kungakhathaliseki iindlela ekhethiweyo diagnostic.

Zeziphi iingcebiso namacebo kuvumela oogqirha? Okokuqala, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba unikezelo yokuhlaziya kucetyiswa ukuba ukunyenyisa kwizidlo. Ukuphelisa nomzimba, kwakunye nokutya okunamafutha. Okwesibini, kungcono ukuba bavavanyelwe i-HIV ungatyanga kusasa. Selani okanye ayikhuthazwa. Desirably, ixesha yindlala iiyure 8. Ngoko ke thembela kwi result echanekileyo.

Baphi na iisampulu igazi? Kukho 2 iinketho - evela ngomnwe ngemithambo. Isiphumo ichanekileyo unika igazi lwemithambo. is he taken ukusuka apho iphuma khona, mijelo leyo imi aguqe engqinibeni. Le nkqubo iza elula ngokupheleleyo. Igazi ngomnwe, njengoko bathi oogqirha mihla, ayiniki isiphumo oyifunayo.

Mhlawumbi zonke iinkalo apho isigulane kufuneka ukwazi. Okwangoku eRashiya uvavanyo lwe-HIV ingahoywa ongaziwa. Ukuba kanye kanye pha wonke ummi. Kwakhona kumaziko zonyango ngoku phambi kokuba uphethwe kuyimfuneko ukuba asayine imvume Woyahlulela wokuthathwa uhlalutyo. Ngaphandle koku, abantu abayi kuthatha igazi-HIV.

Iindleko avareji kokuxilongwa isusela ukusuka 300 ukuya 2500 kwaye ngaphezulu engange. Konke kuxhomekeke ekliniki, kwakunye nendlela uvavanyo lwegazi. Olu lwazi kubhetele ukuba ukukhankanya qho ngamnye. Ixesha komsebenzi iimvavanyo HIV kwakhona kuxhomekeka kwixabiso le nkqubo.