Uvavanyo ashukimisayo iinkqubo umoya. Iindlela zovavanyo ashukimisayo

uvavanyo ashukimisayo of anoomatshini bokungenisa ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kokugunyaziswa kwezakhiwo mihla. Oku kuyinyaniso zombini ngokwemiqathango amagumbi kunye eluncedo izindlu kunye nezindlu zabucala kunye nakwiivenkile mveliso. Iimvavanyo ziqhutywa emva kokwakhiwa sele sigqityiwe, kwaye ndawonye yonke inkqubo yokhuseleko yokwakha. anoomatshini bokungenisa iya ezinokuntsonkotha nolwahlukileyo, ukwanda iimfuno yokubaluleka kwamandla, kubalulekile ukuba ngokuchanekileyo yaye zichanile hlengiso anoomatshini bokungenisa.

types of umoya

Kwizakhiwo kunye izakhiwo zisetyenziswa ezintathu iintlobo umoya. The, ubuncinane ngokwangaphandle, umoya elula zendalo. Air engena isithuba kwaye kususwa zoko ngefestile waza ucango imingxunyana, umoya imibhobho.

yomatshini - inkqubo equka kwaneliswe zeemoto neenkqubo ezibonelela umoya unyanzelekile kwegazi kweli gumbi.

Kukho ukwahlukahlukana umoya ngenkani xa kunikwa mhlawumbi flow kuphela air (inkqubo air-jet) okanye isicatshulwa. anoomatshini bokungenisa ukususa umoya zeemoto ukusuka kwisakhiwo. Kumafa zabo, ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka imibhobho, ezenza uthungelwano imibhobho umoya, iifeni zeemoto kunye umoya grilles.

Ngu Imibhobho umoya umendo umoya osuke isenokuphuma ezivela ngaphandle. Olu umoya kunye kufudumeze umoya iinkqubo idityanisiwe.

iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili anoomatshini bokungenisa inokudityaniswa ngayo embodiments ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeka iinjongo kunye neenjongo, ekusekeni udidi lwesithathu - umoya udibaniso.

Yintoni uhlobo umoya efanelekileyo igumbi oluthile, uzimisele ezingeni yoyilo lo, ngokusekelwe sokucinga zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho, ngokusekelwe ukugcinwa kwemimiselo zococeko kunye nemithetho.

Inkqubo imphepho amagumbi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezakhiwo ngokubanzi luphawulwa iinkalo ezine. Kuyinto umsebenzi wayo, indawo inkonzo, indlela umoya ohambayo kunye noyilo.

iimfuno komoya

Eyona njongo ephambili yolu umoya - ukugcina lomoya lwasezindlwini kwezalathisi ezithile. Lo inqanaba ubunyulu nokufuma. khona umoya kufuneka zisasazwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye oku nako, kufuneka ukumelana inkqubo yokungena.

Mayikhutshwe ukususela ngoku emoyeni igumbi lihlanjelwe icarbon dioxide, uthuli, umsi, amavumba mnandi, kwaye kungena kuwo - ezintsha, icocwe of ukungcola.

exchange Air ku anoomatshini bokungenisa ilawulwa ngokuyimfuneko.

Xa Izakhiwo zokuhlala, kubaluleke ngokukodwa ke umoya echanekileyo ekhitshini, zangasese izindlu zangasese, ngoko okulala kunye zokukhulisa.

Xa izicelo industrial le nkqubo kubalulekile xa kusingethwe zizinto eziyingozi okanye iimeko eziyingozi. Oku, umzekelo, iikhemikhali kunye nemveliso ngentsimbi. Kumaziko ezempilo kunye kweelebhu zoogqirha bezilwanyana, apho kusenokuba kukho amanqanaba aphezulu iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela emoyeni, kufuna ukucoca rhoqo.

Iimpawu kunye nokwakhiwa zezulu ahambelane nezithethe yaye siqhuba uvavanyo ashukimisayo of umoya.

parameters test

Ngexesha test ngetshekhi, okokuqala, kubalwe eyiyo yokusebenza kwamaphulo kunye nokuthotyelwa ubungqina. Uhlola ukungena komoya, ukusebenza kwenkqubo, exchange umoya.

uvavanyo ashukimisayo ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezixhobo inkqubo kunye nefuthe layo kwinkqubo umoya, ukunyenyisa ukuhamba komoya kuyo.

Ngexesha izixhobo uvavanyo hlengiswe yokubhalela yegumbi ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iindawo reference. Ixabiso yangoku imveliso emva zemilinganiselo uthelekiso yengcinezelo leyo iphuhlisa ifeni, kunye factor kuyilo.

Ukukhangelwa iziphene ufakelo - lathamba izinto ezikufutshane, iziza kakuhle kwizifo, ukhuselo olunganelanga malunga lokungcangcazela nengxolo - naye ingxaki leyo isonjululwe ngokuhlola ashukimisayo lweenkqubo umoya.

Uhlolisiso anoomatshini bokungenisa ezikhoyo ziya kuqhutywa ukukhangela ukusebenza anoomatshini bokungenisa, ukukhangela unobangela isiphoso aze aphelise breakage.

Amaxwebhu zokuhlola

Ukuze kumiselwe ubuninzi umsebenzi ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo umoya kufuneka explication (ngesicwangciso iinkcukacha ndawo) kwaye ukuqeshwa yesakhiwo yesakhiwo, nto leyo eza iimvavanyo ashukimisayo yenziwe. Ukongezelela, inkqubo umoya udandalaziso, nto leyo ebonisa zonke amasebe, amaqhina, izixhobo kwaye izisa kunye zokundwendwela okanye iziqinisekiso bokuthobela.

Ukuba aqinisekisiwe operating system umoya kugqalwa yokundwendwela kuyo.

ulawulo oluzimeleyo of anoomatshini bokungenisa

Imisebenzi abasebenzi kweelebhu ezizodwa accredited ukuba baqhube uvavanyo ezinjalo iinkqubo ezithile echazwe kwi GOST wenziwe. uvavanyo ashukimisayo of anoomatshini bokungenisa yenziwa yi eqinisekisiweyo phantse yonke ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi isixeko esikhulu.

Iingcali kufuneka bawuqhele kunye nemigangatho yococeko imithetho emalunga nolawulo, kamasipala kunye zokuhlala izakhiwo, umoya kunye nomoya-moya.

Passport kwinkqubo umoya ezinokuzalisa umbutho ekwenzeni ufakelo yayo. Kodwa kukho ezimbalwa iinkampani khangela ngokwabo nokuphelisa azinaziphene, kwaye iingxaki ezinokubakho ngaphandle kwingcinezelo. Ingakumbi ukuba iziphene ezinokwenzeka ngethuba kusebenza iinkqubo zokwakha ngokusebenzisa ixesha elide emva kokuba ugqityiwe umsebenzi kunye nokuzaliswa zokuhlala kunye installers.

Ngoko ke, imilinganiselo yolawulo kunye nesiqinisekiso kufuneka kwenziwa ziingcali ezizimeleyo ngexesha ukwamkelwa le nkqubo, kwaye xa ufuna ukuba sijonge ukuba kutheni akukho imali eseleyo umoya kuyilo.

GOST 12.3.018-79

Iindlela zokuhlola ashukimisayo kweenkqubo umoya ichazwa imigangatho kushishino karhulumente, ngo-1979 i-eSoviet Union kwaye nangoku isiphumo.

emileyo Standard yesithuba sokukhetha amanqaku zemilinganiselo, yaye ukukhutshwa kweziphumo zeemvavanyo, ukubalwa isiphoso womlinganiselo ekumisweni isantya sokuqukuqela lomoya kunye nokulahleka zaphembelela xa besebenza ukhuseleko.

iindlela ashukimisayo uvavanyo ziquka ukhetho amacandelo apho yenziwa imilinganiselo. Ezo Indawo sokuthatha ukuphepha uhlaba le datha kufuneka zihlelwe ngokungqinelana noMthetho GOST kwi kumgama othile, ulisonge ubukhulu ngamanzi kweli candelo duct olusuka kwizithinteli kwi komoya umendo (umz, iivelufa kunye kwimiboniso) avule yayo.

icandelo ntathu ukuze zilahlwe kwiindawo ngokukhawuleza utshintsho channel ubukhulu. Kule ndawo kucingwa ukuba indawo lincinci cross-wecandelo kwi emqaleni.

Izixhobo zokuhlola

GOST 'Iindlela zovavanyo ashukimisayo »(№ 12.3. 018-79) sibonelela ngoluhlu lwe izixhobo eziyimfuneko kumlinganiselo kuphela, kodwa iiklasi ichanile yayo ngokungqinelana nemigangatho karhulumente.

Ludityanisiwe receiver kwengcinezelo kwisamkeli xi iyonke asetyenziswa yokulinganisa uxinzelelo ngentshukumo zizonke ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngesantya agqithileyo kwi-5 m / s, kwakunye noxinzelelo kwema thala.

Ukulinganisa ukufuma zezulu isalamane kunye negesi ingundoqo kunye nothuli aqukuqela ukusuka-10 ukuya kwi-90% ngokuqulathwe amasuntswana ngaphandle lobushushu 0 ukuya kuma-50 ° C, indawo nombethe kunye nezinga komoya usebenzisa isixhobo edityanisiweyo equka igeyiji ngumoya thermohygrometer. Ungasebenzisa ezi zixhobo ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kuxhomekeke izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zaselebhu, ezifana thermo-7 IVTM M2 kunye vane anemometer nge eyakhelwe Testo 417.

Igeyiji yoxinzelelo zisetyenziselwa imilinganiselo uxinzelelo, kwaye umahluko umahluko xi irhasi kunye nomoya nokuphuma kwemali.

Kuba umlinganiselo womoya uyasetyenziswa sezikali Barometer.

Ukuze ubone ubushushu emoyeni, esebenzisa kwiithemometha eqhelekileyo, kunye ukufuma kwayo - psychrometers.

Uyilo kwisixhobo, ingakumbi imilinganiselo kubantu enothuli kufuneka aqinisekise ukucoca zabo lula, ekukhethwa ukuba ngezandla zabo okanye ibrashi.

Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ashukimisayo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ifanele umlinganiselo ukuba umthamo umoya kwemali. Oku kusetyenziswa kunye anemometer. Ngenxa wew geometry we umoya iigridi aphulwe eziyimfuneko zokwenza umlinganiselo efanayo kunye nolwalathiso lokuhamba lomoya. Ngoko ke, nale ifowuni budget ejoliswe uphenyo woluvo apho akalahlwa kwi kwisokethi, kuloo ndawo apho imilinganiselo phawu ngokwanelisayo.

Zonke izixhobo ziye kuhlolwa rhoqo emgangathweni kunye nesiqinisekiso imizimba.

Ukulungiselela inkqubo uvavanyo

uvavanyo ashukimisayo of umoya network wenziwe izixhobo evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo umcephe wokunyusa, ezithi zixhonywe duct zixhaphakile yaye onke amasebe. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyilo diffusers iiyunithi zezomoya ziye eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi izixhobo zokulawula. Kufuneka kwakhona mazivulwe ngokupheleleyo. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, xa umoya ukuhamba motor fan ubuninzi inokuba shushu ngokugqithisileyo inkqubo umoya ngenkani.

Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ukuhamba restrictor ephambili kukugubungela, yaye ukuba asisombululwanga kubonelelwe kuyilo, ifakwe phakathi flanges ze uvalo kwe nophahla sentsimbi obhityileyo, ukunciphisa umoya flow zezulu unikezelo okanye umoya ubunzima zizalele nakuzo.

Ke ifakwe izixhobo kunye nezixhobo elicacisa Standard. uvavanyo ashukimisayo kufuneka athathe indawo ukuze ukufundwa azinikezelwanga ngokushiywa ngenxa nobushushu yinzwana convective, ukungcangcazela kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle.

Ukulungele ukusebenza ngokuhambelana zokundwendwela zabo phezu kwazo okanye manual.

ukusebenza

Yokuthotyelwa kunye namaxwebhu technical lukhangelwe kwisiza yokwakha ngokwemiqathango zokufudumeza, isixhobo kunye umoya iinkqubo, passport kunye neziqinisekiso kungqinelwano ngezinto zokusebenza nkqubo. Oku linqanam lokuqala, oqala kuvavanyo ashukimisayo lweenkqubo umoya.

Ke iingcali laboratory kugqiba inani imilinganiselo efunekayo, ukuphuhlisa imigaqo yezalathiso, amisele iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nokwenza uqikelelo iindleko.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo kunye nezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zonke iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko ashukimisayo kunye nemilinganiselo yenziwe. koxinzelelo kulinganiswa umoya lobushushu kwigumbi, onamandla, emile yaye ingcinezelo flow, ixesha apho anemometer ochaziweyo kumsinga kunye nokutshintsha ukufunda yayo.

Ukujonga ukuba isantya sokuqukuqela umoya, ukufuma, kunye nezinga yawo yokumpompoza, ilahleko xi iyonke, ukufakelwa eyiyo iigridi kunye kwezivalo ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo; kulinganiswa uxinzelelo lomoya kwemfuneko stairwells asezantsi imigangatho, esakhiweni, bekwilift imigodi; yaye ingcinezelo mahluko kuzo zonke iindlela ucango ngobungxamo kwindawo esekhusini; Ixhomekeka izinga sokususwa iimveliso yokutsha nangaphezulu. Iindlela zovavanyo ashukimisayo kulawulwa imboni standard karhulumente.

Emsebenzini kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngexesha imilinganiselo aziyo igesi okanye edubulayo yoxinaniso yingozi.

Isiphumo komsebenzi amaxwebhu ababulawa ngokufanelekileyo. It izenzo nemigaqo yomsebenzi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yokundwendwela kwenkqubo umoya kunye neeyunithi ngamnye.

amaxwebhu asele egqityiwe

Xa uvavanyo lokuqala umoya yendalo zithathele uhlolo olo. Emva kokuhlola mpilo yenziwe imilinganiselo ashukimisayo Ipharamitha anoomatshini bokungenisa protocol yaye wakhupha uluvo ngokuvumelana eyona i parameters zale projekthi.

uvavanyo ashukimisayo of umoya sinokuzaliswa isenzo, ezibandakanya ulwazi umsebenzi kwezixhobo inkqubo, nemveliso yabo, izinga umoya kwi lwezakhiwo imigudu umoya kunye nomthamo isihluzo umoya kunye data uhlolo olubonakalayo.

Aktiruyut uhlobo impeller kunye ububanzi bayo, kwaye ejika ubukhulu pulley, ukuhamba ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza uxinzelelo fan; uhlobo amagophe, ugqithiso amandla indlela torque pulley ubukhulu - ukuba injini yombane; idrophu wegazi, ipesenti bamba bandwidth - filter; isixhobo uhlobo, umphathi wesekethe kwegazi kunye nohlobo njengesipholisi, iziphumo zovavanyo - for heater kunye izimiso nomoya.

Passport kwenkqubo umoya, nto leyo efunekayo ngexesha uhlolo zokugada zococeko, kufuneka iqulathe iinkcukacha malunga nenjongo yayo nendawo, ukusebenza kunye nezinye iimpawu izixhobo inkqubo, iziphumo zovavanyo.

Icebo umoya zonke diffusers umoya kufuneka kwakhona ibe nencwadana leyo yokundwendwela.

Ukukhangela le umoya yangoku ibhaqa ukungaphumeleli yayo, imfuno ngokutsha okanye ukucoca.

Kwakutheni ukuze ujonge indlela umoya, iindlela zovavanyo ashukimisayo jikelele kunye namaxwebhu, nto leyo yenziweyo iziphumo zeemvavanyo, - ikontraki jikelele, umthengi zolwakhiwo Izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye noluntu, iinkampani ulawulo abanezakhono kunye nabaphathi zamashishini iinkonzo zobunjineli, olu lwazi efunekayo ubuncinane ukuze ukuqonda oko amaxwebhu kufuneka ukupheka, apho isicelo iziqinisekiso kunye nokuhlolwa kweenkqubo umoya.