Elite - ngubani na le nto? ingaba yintoni na abakhethekileyo?

Igama elithi "elite" livela kwisiLatini elithi Eligo, elithetha "abanyuliweyo", "best", "ukhetho". Xa kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko, yokuhlalisana kunye nezinye ezentlalo abakhethiweyo ingqalelo iqela elithile labantu abahlala nesikhundla esiphezulu eluntwini. Xa kuziwa kwezopolitiko, aba bantu kufuneka amandla ezopolitiko kunye nokuhlala kwizikhundla eziphezulu kurhulumente. Ukuba sithetha ubomi bokomoya oluntu, elite oluntu apha - oko nezazi, iqela labantu esakha incasa, ukuziphatha , njalo-njalo ..

Altimetry neendlela axiological ekutolikeni elithi "elite"

Izazinzulu umahluko phakathi iindlela ezimbini ukuya ukutyhilwa kwalo mbono, ezizezi, altimetry kunye axiological. Ngokutsho yokuqala, abane- bangamalungu kwabo bantu abo impembelelo ngokwenene namandla kanye, nokuba inqanaba labo sezobuntlola kunye neempawu yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko. Okwesibini, indlela aksiologichesky, nto leyo ebizwa kwakhona okanye ixabiso meritocratic, olusekelwe phezu lantlandlolo elithi "elite". Le ngentetho isekelwe phezu iimpawu ngabanye abantu yelo qela. Bamele babe "best" ukuma ngaphandle ekuhlaleni kunye neempawu zazo, ukuba ibe ngcono, ekrelekrele, abanetalente ngaphezu kwabanye. Ngelo xesha, ezi mpawu kuvavanywa xa kuthelekiswa ngumndilili wenkqubo namanye amalungu oluntu. Ngelishwa, le mihla altimetry ndlela oxhaphakileyo - umgaqo "nobugorha yi -. Musa engqondweni"

Imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-elite kuluntu

1. Ulawulo eluntwini.

2. Uphuhliso zengqondo zokuziphatha eluntwini.

3. Generation iindlela encomekayo.

iintlobo lizwe

izigwili Classification esinokubakho ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ethile.

1. Ngokuxhomekeke umda le-Elite ngu:

• lezopolitiko;
• ezoqoqosho;
• wamajoni;
• lwenzululwazi nobugcisa;
• zenkcubeko okanye ngokomoya.

Kutshanje, uhlobo olutsha kuluntu - nabaphetheyo yoshishino into entsha kwezoqoqosho, kodwa ufanele ukuba ingqalelo njengeqela eyahlukileyo.

2. Elite kwakhona zihlelwe ngohlobo ulwalamano lwabo ngamandla. Le bemfuno umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zilandelayo:

• i sigqibo elite - iqela labantu umi intloko karhulumente;
• nepravyaschaya - counter-elite.

3. Ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba izigqibo elite ezithathwe yahlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• ephakamileyo (kazwelonke);
• avareji (kwimimandla);
• zendawo.

4. Kuxhomekeka izinto abanomdla uvakalisa abakhethiweyo, ngayo:

• professional;
• lwabantu;
• uhlanga;
• zenkolo.

5. Xa ngokungqinelana neziphumo zemisebenzi yayo, kungaba:

• yokubusa;
• shadow;
• pseudoelite;
• anti-lizwe.

Ezinye iintlobo lizwe angeza ndawonye ukwenza ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela intlanganisela oligarchy kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kwakhiwa.

Izigwili nazo yahlulwe olusesikweni nolungekho sikweni. Impembelelo namandla uhlobo lokuqala esekelwe kwindawo yayo ephambili elinegunya. elite sikweni - iqela leyo, nangona ifuthe livakale kuluntu, kodwa akunanto yakwenza ngamandla. Ukwenza kucace, ukunika umzekelo zohlobo sikweni. Nibona njani iinkokeli (oku kuba ababhali, iintatheli, amagcisa kunye nabanye.), Ntoleyo, nangona abanalo naliphi na igunya esesikweni, kodwa uluvo lwabo, umzekelo wabo uya kuba nempembelelo namandla phezu ukuziphatha abantu baseRoma.

laye-

Iiklasi eliphezulu kwinkqubo loluntu weqela legunya, ngubani na amandla kunye nefuthe kwezinye amaqela, kuthiwa igama elithi "elite ekuhlaleni". Olu didi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ekhula ngayo uluntu yaba kwisifundo sophando lwezenhlalo, ngenxa yoku, iingcamango ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo, elo wonga laye- - oku ke abambalwa, linegunya engenakuphikwa kunye nelungelo ngokungqongqo ukwenza izigqibo.

Abanye bona nethiyori amadoda elite ukwenza imisebenzi zibalulekileyo kuluntu. Kanti abanye bakholelwa ukuba iqela loluntu labantu bakwazi ukufikelela intsebenzo liphezulu kwimisebenzi yayo, yona ibe yokuziphatha (kubandakanywa ngokuphathelele kwigalelo) kunye noludumileyo ngokwasengqondweni phezu bonke ubunzima. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, elidla na njengezona sephiramidi zentlalo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, yahlulwe kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, bodwa kwezopolitiko, kuzwelonke, inkcubeko kunye nabanye. Group.

elite yezopolitiko

elite Political - iqela elikhethekileyo labantu abaye buzinze ezandleni izakhiwo aphezulu amandla. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, phantse onke amazwe kuba nempembelelo enkulu elite kwezopolitiko. Nangona kumazwe amaninzi kukho inkqubo ebandakanya amaqela ngamaqela, kwamanye amazwe kukho kusekho umntu wesithathu. Okanye inkokeli omnye wabo bukhulu kangangokuba elite lezopolitiko elilawulayo yaye iqanjwa eqela elifanayo labantu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ezi elite yezopolitiko uluntu liqela labantu nelungelo ababambe izikhundla eziphezulu kurhulumente, abachaphazeleka ngqo ekumiselweni izigqibo ezinkulu, apho kuyimfuneko ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Amalungu ayo - ngabantu abaye isixa esikhulu solwazi karhulumente kunye namandla, ukuba ekuphuhliseni iqhinga le kwiziko labo bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yolawulo. Bona adla nabaququzeleli kakhulu.

elite National

Njengenxalenye zonke iintlanga kukho iqela abaziingqondi, nto leyo eye nempembelelo esebenzayo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu - ziingcungcu yesizwe. Eli qela, eyenziwe ngenxa ukhetho kunye nokuphakanyiswa bonke abantu abameli kakhulu unesiphiwo kwaye baqeqeshwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba benza ukulawula zonke iinkqubo zentlalo. Noko ke, njengokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, amalungu le-Elite kwesizwe esiNtsundu sifuna ukuba ukutyebisa kwi ngeendleko kubakhaya babo. Oku kukhokelela kungadodobalisa ekutshatyalalisweni ukuthembakala uhlanga.

elite yenkcubeko

Eli gama uye ukuzimisela kabini. Ngengqiqo emxinwa le-Elite yenkcubeko - liqaqobana cultured abafundileyo. Kwaye ebanzi - iqela labantu abaye babe kumgangatho ophezulu lobuchule zenkcubeko kwaye baphuhlisa iintlobo ngolwazi, kubandakanywa uphando, kunye nokudalwa imilinganiselo yokomoya - .. Works zobugcisa, njl Enoba okruqulayo, kuluntu Russian kubume of lizwe Namasiko endaweni esekugqibeleni, emva kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, emkhosini, kuzwelonke, kunye nabanye. Ngokusesikweni, Noko ke, loo nto ngokomoya (ezenkcubeko) Iqela kufuneka babambe isikhundla lubalaseleyo. Ngapha koko, enyanisweni, elidla yenkcubeko nokuqulethileyo ngaphezu kwezinye zingqinelane etymology kwekota - "the best".

Ezinye iintsingiselo elithi "elite"

Ngaphandle intsingiselo esisiseko "elite", lo gama likwabizwa abadlali non-yezentlalo izinto eziye ezizodwa (kuphela) Iipropati. Umzekelo, bathi kuluntu "mabutho aphambili". Kulo mzekelo, i-Elite - iiyunithi best yamajoni baphathiswe kunye nokhuselo lizwe kwiintshaba ezinokwenzeka. Okanye na apho eli gama kuthiwa ilungileyo, ilifa lokwenene kakhulu eninzi kwaye njalo njalo. D.

isiphelo

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba le-Elite - a ezizodwa kakhulu, yahlukile kwezinye iqela. Kungenzeka, umgangatho, indlela ekhethekileyo yobomi, isimilo kunye nenkululeko.