Uranus yiplanethi ebanda kakhulu. Iinkcukacha kunye neempawu zeplanethi

I-uranium yiplanethi ebanda kakhulu kwindlela yokukhanya kwelanga, nangona ingekho ide kakhulu ukusuka kwiLanga. Le nto enkulu yafunyanwa ngekhulu le-18. Ngubani owamfumene, kwaye ziphi iisatelliti ze-Uranus? Yintoni ekhethekileyo malunga nale planethi? Inkcazo yeplanethi u-Uranus ifunde apha ngezantsi kwinqaku.

Izixhobo

Le yiplanethi yesixhenxe kude kude neLanga. Ngomyinge, ngowesithathu, ngu-50,724 km. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ububanzi be-Uranus bukhulu kunokuba yiNeptune nge-1,840 km, kodwa ngobunzima, i-Uranus encinci, ebeka kwindawo yesine phakathi kwezinto ezinzima zehlabathi.

Iplanethi ebanda kakhulu ibonakala kwaye ijongile, kodwa i-telescope ngokunyuka ngokuphindaphindiweyo iya kwenza ukuba kube ngcono. I-satellites yaseUruguay ayinzima ukuyiqwalasela. Kukho i-27 kuzo zonke, kodwa zisuswa kakhulu kwilizwe kwaye zininzi kakhulu kunoko.

I-uranium ngenye yezine ezinkulu zegesi, kwaye kunye ne-Neptune idibanisa iqela elithile lamaqhwaqhaqha. Ngokwenzululwazi, iigesi zegesi zavela ngaphaya kweeplanethi eziyingxenye yeqela lehlabathi.

Ukufumanisa iUranus

Ngenxa yokuba inokubonwa esibhakabhakeni kungekho zixhobo zokusebenza, Uranus wayehlala ephosakele ngeenkwenkwezi ezintle. Ngaphambi kokugqiba ukuba le iplanethi, yayibonwa ngamaxesha angama-21 esibhakabhakeni. Owokuqala ukumbona nguye nguJohane Flemish ngo-1690, ebonisa inkwenkwezi kwinombolo 34 kwi-constellation yeTaurus.

Umfumbi kaUranus nguWilliam Herschel. Ngomhla ka-13 kuMatshi, ngo-1781, wabona iinkwenkwezi kwi-telescope eyenziwe ngumntu, ebonisa ukuba uran u-comet okanye inkwenkwezi yenkwenkwezi. Kwileta zakhe wayethetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ngo-Matshi 13 wayebone i-comet.

Iindaba zeqela elitsha elibonakalayo lasezulwini lisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwizenzululwazi. Omnye wathi i-comet, nangona ezinye izazinzulu zithandabuza. Ngowe-1783, uWilliam Herschel wathi kuseyiplanethi.

Iplanethi entsha yagqiba ukunika igama ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulu ongumGrike u-Uranus. Wonke amanye amagama eeplanethi athathwe kwiimbali zamaRoma, kwaye kuphela igama likaUranus lisuka kwisiGrike.

Ukubunjwa kunye neenkcukacha

I-uranium ingaphezu kwama-14.5 amaxesha eMhlabeni. Iplanethi ebanda kakhulu yenkqubo yelanga ayinayo indawo eqinile. Kucingelwa ukuba iqukethe isiseko esinzima sogqitywe ngeqhwa. Kwaye umgca ophezulu ungumoya.

Igobolondo elibandayo likaUranus alinamandla. Iqukethe amanzi, i-methane kunye ne-ammonia kunye neengxelo malunga ne-60% yomhlaba. Ngenxa yokungabikho koqwelo oluqinileyo, ubunzima buvela ekuqaliseni umoya waseUranus. Ngako oko, umgca wegesi wangaphandle uthathwa njengomoya.

Le ngqungquthela yomhlaba inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yomxholo weemetane, obamba imibala ebomvu. Yakhe eUranus kuphela 2%. Amagesi aseleyo afaka umgangatho wemozulu yi-helium (15%) kunye ne-hydrogen (83%).

NjengoSaturn, iplanethi ebanda kakhulu inamacenge. Ziye zenziwa ngokutsha nje. Kukho inkolelo yokuba babeyi-satellite ye-Uranus, eyaqhekeka kwiinqununu ezininzi. Ingqikithi ikhona iindandatho ezi-13, iindandatho zangaphandle zinokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zilandelwa ngumntu obomvu, kwaye ezinye zinemibala ebomvu.

Ukuhamba kwe-Orbit

Iplanethi ebanda kakhulu yendlela yokukhanya kwelanga i-2.8 billion km ukusuka eMhlabeni. I-equator ye-Uranus ikhonjiswe ekujikelezeni kwayo, ngoko ukujikeleza kweplanethi kubakho phantse "ukulala" - ngokukodwa. Kufana nebhola enkulu yegesi-ice rolling around our luminary.

Kujikeleze ilanga umhlaba uphendukela iminyaka engama-84, kwaye usuku lwalo lokukhanya luhlala malunga neeyure eziyi-17. Usuku nobusuku batshintsha ngokukhawuleza kuphela kwi-equatorial band emncinci. Kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba, iminyaka engama-42 idlulileyo ngosuku, kwaye ke inombolo efanayo-ngobusuku.

Ngolu tshintsho olude lwexesha lusuku kwakucingelwa ukuba udidi lokushisa kufuneka lube lukhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, indawo efudumele kakhulu eUranus yi-equator, kungekhona izibonda (kwanokuba zikhanyiswa yiLanga).

Isimo sezulu saseUranus

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, i-Uranus iyiplanethi ebanda kakhulu, nangona i-Neptune ne-Pluto zifumaneka ngakumbi ukusuka kwi-Sun. Ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu bufikelela kuma-degrees -224 kwindawo ephakathi .

Abaphandi baye baqaphela ukuba iUranus ibonakaliswe ukutshintsha kwexesha. Ngo-2006, ukubunjwa kwe-vortex e-Uranus kwaqatshelwa kwaye yafotshwa. Oososayensi baqala ukufundela amaxesha atshintshayo kwihlabathi.

Kuyaziwa ukuba u-Uranus unamafu kunye nomoya. Ngendlela eya kwiipalo, isivinini somoya sinciphisa. Isivinini esiphezulu somoya kwihlabathi sasingama-240 m / s. Ngo-2004, ukususela ngo-Matshi ukuya kuMeyi, kwakukho utshintsho olubukhali kwiimeko zemozulu: isivinini somoya sandile, kwaqala ukuduma kweendudumo, kwaye amafu avela kaninzi.

Kukho amaxesha anjalo kwiplanethi: i-solstice yasezantsi ehlobo, entwasahlobo yasenyakatho, i-equinox kunye nenyakatho ye-summer solstice.

Magnetosphere kunye nokuhlola umhlaba

Umkhwa wodwa okwazi ukufikelela ku-Uranus ngu-Voyager 2. Yayisungulwa yi-NASA ngo-1977 ngokukodwa ukuhlola ieplanethi ezikude zesimiso sethu selanga.

"Uhambo lwe-2" lukwazi ukufumana iindandatho ezintsha ze-Uranus zangaphambili ezingabonakaliyo, ukufunda isakhiwo salo, kunye nezimo zemozulu. Kuze kube ngoku, ezininzi iinyaniso eziyaziwayo malunga nale polathi zisekelwe kwidatha efunyenwe kule fowuni.

"Uhambo lwe-2" lufumanisa nokuba iplanethi ebanda kakhulu inemagnetosphere. Kwaye kwaphawulwa ukuba intsimi emagqabini yeplanethi ayiveli kwiziko layo lejometri. Ithambekele kuma-degrees ama-59 ukusuka kwi-axis of rotation.

Idatha enjalo ibonisa ukuba intsimi yamagnetic ye-Uranus iyafana, ngokungafani nomhlaba. Kukho inkolelo yokuba le nto yiplanethi yeqhoqho, ekubeni i-second giant giant, i-Neptune, nayo ine-field magnetic field.