Iimpawu Zokulinganisela Indlela Physical: nobushushu vaporization amanzi

Sonke siyazi mfanekiso: esitovini ukuba shushu imbiza iindleko yamanzi. Amanzi abandayo ngokuthe ngcembe usiba shushu, ukuba amaqamza yayo ngaphandle ezibonakala kuqala, yaye kungekudala bonke ubumnandi yena Ijalele. Yintoni na ke ubushushu vaporization amanzi? Abanye bethu khumbula eziphuma kwikharityhulam ukuba amaqondo obushushu amanzi phantsi koxinzelelo yendalo umoya awukwazi ngaphezu kwe-100 ° C. Yaye ngubani na ukukhumbula okanye akakholwa, Ungathatha ingqalelo yokuba ubushushu efanelekileyo nokuqinisekisa ngendlela ekhuselekileyo.

Kodwa kuba njani oku? Ngapha koko, phantsi ipani lusasetyenziswa ngomlilo, unika amandla akhe kulwelo, yaye apho Kwehla ntoni ke, ukuba ukuba ukufudumeza amanzi? A: I-eneji esetyenziswa ukuba uguqule amanzi abe ngomphunga.

Phi amandla

Kubomi zesiqhelo siye baqhele United ezintathu into esingqongileyo: eqinileyo, ulwelo kunye negesi. Xa urhulumente eqinileyo ezo molekyuli ngokuqinileyo ezisisigxina ngembonakalo yikristale ngekroba. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba ukugqiba nokungakwazi, nanini na ingqele, ukuba iye isidanga ubuncinane enye ngasentla -273 ° C (le yeyona ingundoqo zero) zishukuma molecule. Ngaphezu koko, lo awo of lokungcangcazela kuxhomekeke lobushushu. Xa amalahle amandla idluliselwe amasuntswana ukuya kweziyobisi kunye iintshukumo abathathela obukhulu ngakumbi, uze bafikelele kwindawo ethile efana amandla iimolekyuli eshiya gratings zokuhlala - loo nto iya iba ulwelo.

Ubume ulwelo kwemolekyuli ngokusondeleyo omnye komnye ngamandla womxhuzulane, kodwa ayikalungiswa kwingongoma ethile emajukujukwini. Ngamanye ubushushu nokwanda kweziyobisi lokungcangcazela umbhodamo moieties kuba mkhulu kangangokuba amandla umtsalane ukuba iimolekyuli omnye komnye ahlulwa kwaye kubaphangalalisa. Iqondo lobushushu osisiqu liyayeka ukuba ukukhula, onke amandla asuka kwaye ngoku ulandela nebhetshi elandelayo kwamasuntswana, kwaye kunjalo, inyathelo ngenyathelo, akramnceleyo onke amanzi ngaphandle ipani ezalise ekhitshini ngokohlobo zomphunga.

into nganye kufuna ethile amandla kule nkqubo. Ubushushu of vaporization yamanzi, kwakunye nezinye ulwelo, kwaye ixabiso ethile lokugqibela.

Iiyunithi yokulinganisa

Naluphi na amandla (nangona intshukumo, nangona ubushushu) ulinganiswa ziijowule. Esiyijowule (J) ithiywe emva nzulu esidumileyo James esiyijowule. Ngamanani amandla 1 J zingafumaneka kumgama kwimitha 1 ukutyhalela umzimba elithile amandla 1 Newton.

Ngaphambili kusetyenziswa nasekujongeni nobushushu ingqiqo ezifana "osidingayo." Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ubushushu - oku nazinto zibonakalayo kangangokuba ungakwazi kungena okanye aphume na emzimbeni. Okukhona "natekla 'oko umzimba wenyama, ngoko kushushu. Kwiincwadi abadala kusenokwenzeka ukuba eli inani emzimbeni. Ke kulula ukuba ukuguqulela kwi ziijowule, kwanele ukuba phinda ngo 4.19.

I-eneji efunekayo ukuze ukuguqulwa ulwelo neegesi ibizwa ngokuba ubushushu oluthile vaporization. Kodwa bona ubala njani ngayo? Yinto enye into ijike ibe ityhubhu umphunga wamanzi kunye enye into - itanki esikhulu isitya injini.

Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukuya H ₂ Owu, iinkqubo yokutsha uqhaqho ingcamango "ubushushu abagxothwa vaporization amanzi" (J / kg - unit). Kwaye igama isitshixo apha "ngqo". Kukholelwa ukuba umlinganiselo wamandla afunekayo aphele 1 kg into engamanzi.

Luchazwa ixabiso Latin L. umlinganiselo ixabiso kwi ziijowule nganye 1 kg.

Yimalini amandla kufuna amanzi

ubushushu oluthile vaporization yamanzi kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa isikhongozeli wathulula inombolo N, esiwa ithumba. Energy echithwe iilitha vaporization zamanzi, kwaye ixabiso olifunayo.

Yokulinganisa, yintoni na ke ubushushu oluthile vaporization amanzi, oosonzululwazi zaba kancane bamangaliswa. Kuba ukuguqulwa yamanzi igesi ifuna amandla ngaphezu eziqhelekileyo kulo lonke ihlabathi lulwelo: alkoholi line lonke, iigesi yepetroliyam , yaye ngaphezu iintsimbi ezifana imetyhuri bakhokele.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuvutha vaporization amanzi wayelingana 2.26 MJ / kg. Ukulinganisa:

• y mercury - 0,282 MJ / kg;
• ngelothe - 0,855 MJ / kg.

Kodwa kuthekani ukuba esahlukileyo?

Kwaye kwenzeka ntoni xa umva inkqubo, ukwenza ulwelo ukuze ngamafuphi? Nto ezizodwa kwenzeka umthetho isiqinisekiso yolondolozo of energy: i amafu obunzima buyikhilogram enye ulwelo enkungwini akhululwayo yayilingana nale mali efanayo ubushushu apho kufunekayo ukuze achithe kwi lube ngumphunga ukuwuvala umva. Ngoko ke, ngokufuthi iitafile reference wafumana elithi "enthalpy of vaporization."

Ke kaloku, into yokuba ubushushu wendele ngumphunga, iye yasetyenziswa ekhaya kunye nobunjineli mveliso lokudala nengqele yokwenziwa ngempumelelo.