Umsebenzi wokuqala lokususa intloko zabantu. ukuba kunokwenzeka intloko esinye zabantu? Le ndoda yavuma ukuba intloko yokungena

INtloko Loqhaqho ndoda - oku kulinyathelo elibalulekileyo kakhulu kuphuhliso inzululwazi abohlukeneyo. Ngaphambili, i operation loo nto yabonakala ingenakwenzeka, kuba akukho yokwenene qhagamshela ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Kodwa ngokutsho neurosurgeon Italian Sergio Kanavero, akukho nto engenakwenzeka, kunye nokusebenza nangoku uza kwenzeka.

A bit kwenkcazelo yembali

Kwanangaphambi kokuba 1900 abohlukeneyo organ iye yachazwa kuphela kwincwadi kumnandi. Umzekelo, Gerbert Uells kumsebenzi "I Isiqithi Dr. Moreau" ichaza experiments kwi kuhlwayelwe amalungu zezilwanyana. Enye fiction ngelo xesha, Alexander Belyaev, kwinoveli "iNtloko Professor Dowell" sibonisa ukuba uyakwazi uphupha kuphela kwi-19 umbutho ngenkulungwane abohlukeneyo. intloko ukufakelwa ungumntu nje intsomi, kunye namabali funny.

World ibheke ezantsi ngo-1905 xa uGqirha Edward Cirma zilinywe ukuba inwebu kumamkeli, kwaye wabanjwa on. Sele 1933 e Kherson, umphengululi eSoviet Yu Yu Unomyayi ayimise lokuqala oluphemeleleyo intliziyo esinye ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nyaka ngamnye, nokufakelwa amalungu omzimba luyakhula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu ziye zakwazi lokususa corneas, intliziyo, injeke, nezi ntso, nomhlehlo wesibindi, ephezulu nesezantsi omzimba, i bronchi kunye esini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini.

Njani kwaye ixesha lokuqala uya intloko zilinywe nini?

Ukuba ngo-1900, enye izazinzulu bathetha ubunzulu intloko esinye abantu, mhlawumbi, oko kuya kuthathwa engaqhelekanga. Noko ke, kule nkulungwane yama-21, oko kuthiwa kuzo zonke ukuzimisela. An sebenziso sele ezicwangciselwe u-2017, yaye ngalo mzuzu kukho umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Abohlukeneyo intloko yabantu - oku ngumsebenzi entsonkothileyo kakhulu, nto leyo eya kubandakanya inani enkulu neurosurgeons ehlabathini lonke, Noko ke, uya kongamela ugqirha esinye Italian Sergio Kanavero.

Kwintloko esinye sokuqala kube yimpumelelo, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba ukupholisa intloko kunye umzimba lowo wayingcwalisayo uthe ukuya ku-15 ° C, kodwa iiyure 1.5 kuphela, kungenjalo iiseli ziya kuqalisa ukuba zife. Ngexesha lo msebenzi iya crosslink Umthambo kunye umthambo, yaye kuloo ndawo apho umnqonqo lifakwe inwebu ye polyethylene ethers. umsebenzi wayo ukuhlobana zemithambo-luvo kwi site liqatywe. Kuthathwa ukuba utyando lokususa intloko lomntu liya kuhlala malunga 36 iiyure kwaye iza kufuna neenkcitho kwi mali esizigidi 20 zeerandi.

Ngubani engozini ngenxa ntoni?

Ukukhutshwa exhalabisa abantu abaninzi: "Ngubani na ke umphefumlo elikhaliphileyo nabuganga lokususa ingqondo?". Ngaphandle kokuba nzulu le ngxaki, kubonakala ukuba lo mbono kakhulu kuyingozi kwaye malini na ubomi bomnye umntu. Le ndoda yavuma ukuba entloko kokuxhuma, wenkqubo Russian Valery Spiridonov. Kubonakala ukuba abohlukeneyo intloko kuba - umlinganiselo kuyimfuneko. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, lo nzulu onesiphiwo myopathy abagulayo. Esi sifo, nto leyo echaphazela isakhiwo kwezihlunu of yonke eziphilayo. Ngenxa izihlunu buthathaka kwaye yoma minyaka yonke. luvo Motor, ibekwe zomaleko phambi umnqonqo ayachaphazeleka, kwaye umntu ulahlekelwa ubuchule ukuhamba, ukuginya uze ugcine phantsi.

Abohlukeneyo kukunceda Valery ukubuyisela zonke imisebenzi motor. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, utyando intloko esinye lomntu Kungumngcipheko kakhulu, kodwa ukuba kulahleke enye kubo ukuze baphile, ukuze abe nexesha elincinane? Ke Valery Spiridonov (kuba okwangoku 31), ngoko abantwana esi sifo badla musa nokuba ukufikelela ebudaleni.

Ubunzima ekhanda abohlukeneyo

Lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba phantse 2 iminyaka ziya kwenziwa umsebenzi wokulungiselela phambi uqhaqho. Zama ukufumana phandle kanye uya kuba yintoni na iingxaki kunye Sergio Kanavero iceba ukuba iziqwalasele nabo ngayo.

1. luvo. Phakathi intloko nomzimba kukho inani elikhulu zemithambo-luvo kunye nezinikezeli ezingenzelwanga zibuyiselwe emva kokonzakala. Sonke siyazi amatyala apho umntu emva kwingozi yemoto basinda, kodwa yena waphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe lwemoto elinqabileyo ebomini ngenxa yomonakalo intambo wesibeleko umnqonqo. Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi abafanelekayo kakhulu kuqulunqwa iindlela ezivumela ukuba ukwazisa izinto eziya ukulungisa luvo ezimashakeleyo.
2. izixwexwe Ukuhambelana. Kuhlwayelwe entlokweni yomntu kufuna abanikelayo (zomzimba), apho liya kulinywa. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe ngokuchanileyo umzimba entsha engekabili, kuba ukuba inwebu yobuchopho nomzimba awahambelani - ukuthanda nokudumba, yaye abantu baya kufa. Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi baye bafumana indlela kulwa inyama ukwaliwa.

Frankenstein ezisenokusebenza isifundo esihle

Nakubeni, kubonakala ukuba, ukutshintsha intloko - oku mnandi kakhulu, simlungele kakuhle yoluntu, kukho iqela iimeko ezimbi. izazinzulu ezininzi ehlabathini lonke nxamnye abohlukeneyo entloko. Ukungazi izizathu oyinyaniso, kubonakala yinqaba. Kodwa masikhumbule imbali Dr. Frankenstein. Akabanga neenjongo ububi yaye wayefuna ukwenza umntu inceda ekuhlaleni, kodwa ke ngumqondo i rhamncwa kungalawuleki.

Abaphengululi abaninzi balirholile ukufana phakathi experiments lukaGqirha Frankenstein kunye neurosurgeon Sergio Kanavero. Bakholelwa ukuba indoda zilinywe intloko, unokuba lawuleki. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba onjalo ulingelo ziya, abantu baya kukwazi ukuphila ngonaphakade, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuthi kuhlwayelwe intloko wamaziko abaselula elitsha. Kakade ke, ukuba kuya kuba ngokwembono Isazinzulu elungileyo, kutheni ukuba akayi kuphila ngonaphakade? Kwaye ukuba ngumtyholwa?

Abohlukeneyo intloko iya kuzisa eluntwini?

Xa sibonile ukuba ingaba intloko esinye womntu kunokwenzeka, makhe sicinge ngento la mava kunokuba yinzululwazi yale mihla. Kwihlabathi kukho izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene ne ukuhlukunyezwa yomsebenzi umnqonqo. Kwaye nangona oku yinxalenye yomzimba kuye ngokupheleleyo zifundwa izazinzulu ezininzi zehlabathi, izisombululo ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene ukuya innervation le umnqonqo, zange zafunyanwa.

Ukongeza, xa emqolo wesibeleko, kukho luvo cranial ukuba zinoxanduva umbono, haptics, ngaphandle kwebala. Ukophulwa umsebenzi wabo alukabinako kunyanga nasiphi neurosurgeon. Ukuba esinye entloko yenzeke ngempumelelo, iya bayinyuse uninzi lwabantu abakhubazekileyo, usindise ubomi izigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke.