Umkhuhlane - ifuthe laloo iinkwenkwezi okanye izifo ezosulelayo

ngonyaka ngamnye, kamsinya nje kuza ekwindla ekrwada yaye kubanda, kunye kwimozulu abaninzi kuthi emke nomkhuhlane, okanye umkhuhlane. Sisifo wentsholongwane egazini ukuba, nangona zonke iinzame zabantu, "ndibe" unyaka wethu lonke ebomini babo. Ngoko kutheni ekwindla okanye ekuqaleni kobusika, eqhele sifudumele "ufaka" isibini iiveki umkhuhlane mandlalo? Yintoni ekufuneka uyenze ukuze agule? Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule le mibuzo, masikhumbule ukuba lo influenza, intsingiselo kunye nalapho avela khona.

Oko kuthetha

Igama elungile: "umkhuhlane", kodwa Russian elikhuselweyo ngendlela engalunganga igama - "umkhuhlane". Ukusuka Kwathi ke Italian in Russian, kwakunye ezininzi iilwimi zaseYurophu. Kukho yeengcinga eziliqela malunga nto yenzeka ngayo igama.

Omnye wabo uthi ukuba izazinzulu aphakathi kunye amagqirha baye basilela ukufumana unobangela sifo kweli lizwe, nabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi okunikelwa uguqulelo ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa ilungiselelo eyodwa imizimba yasezulwini zingachaphazela abantu zibangele ngobhubhani. Le nguqulelo ngqo ukusuka umkhuhlane Italian lithetha "nempembelelo, impembelelo."

Enye inguqulelo prosaic ngakumbi. Ngokwale influenza - nto olufinyeziweyo ilizwi elinye ibinzana Italian - ". Isiphumo lokulayita" umkhuhlane di fredo, bona bubonakala Eli gama kwathiwa zonke umkhuhlane kunye nezifo ezosulelayo, kukuvela leyo ezinxulumene emzimbeni. Xa amayeza, lo gama sele imiselwe ngokuqinileyo emva kokuphela lombulalazwe yomkhuhlane ngenkulungwane XVIII.

Eyona iqhelekileyo esetyenziswa yi kuthi igama le "umkhuhlane" kwaba kukhona kamva abolekwe kulwimi isiFrentshi.

Yintoni na le sifo

Flu okanye umkhuhlane - oko kuchaphazela iphecana yokuphefumla etsolo izifo ezosulelayo yabantu, yinxalenye yeqela elikhulu, ekuthiwa izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla viral (ari). Wenza ortomiksovirusov izifo - Myxovirus influenzae. Izazinzulu ziye zachongwa ezintathu iintlobo yayo engundoqo, ngasinye eyahluke kakhulu kubume bayo ukusuka kwenye: A, B na C. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, sokuvuselela okanye ukuba ukugonyelwa nayiphi na kwezi ntlobo, ungasebenzisa "ukubamba" elinye kwaye kwakhona uyagula.

A incinane

Nokucinga ukuba influenza okanye umkhuhlane - isifo mihla. Athi umntu abangekaphuhli ubunzima kubo, kuye kube nzima, kuba esi sifo angazishiyi naziphi na ukwenzakala kwesakhiwo ngaphandle kwi namathambo kuphahla yabantu. Noko ke, imithombo ezininzi ezibhaliweyo zibonisa ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-1000, abantu baza bathwaxwa zizifo ezosulelayo. Academician VM Zhdanov uthi ngeli xesha kwakukho ezili-13 pandemics kunye malunga 500 nokusasazeka influenza.

Ezifana Ababhali bamandulo njengoko Diofor, Tit Livy noHippocrates wachaza ezi zifo apho izigulane zaye zafumana ukwanda elibukhali kwi lobushushu iinkcukacha ngokwaneleyo, izihlunu kunye intloko ebuhlungu, ubuhlungu emqaleni. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane - isifo esisulelayo kakhulu lihamba ngokukhawuleza kwezinye iindawo, yaye umdla amazwe yonke kunye amazwekazi.

Ubungqina wokuqala ukubhalwa bhubhane influenza-like, ngoko ngokuba "umkhuhlane Italian" kunye kwasasazeka kubo kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, ibhekisela 1580.

Igama "umkhuhlane" isifo sezifo emva kweminyaka 1780-1782. Ngokutsho komnye kwithiyori ngemvelaphi igama, oko wabumba lesiLatini influere ilizwi, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "ukuba isasazeke, angene" ezibonisa ngokwenene isantya ekusasazeni kunye ngokukhawuleza sokuqala.

Nezifo komkhuhlane (influenza) kuvela rhoqo, kodwa kwakhula intlekele zehlabathi, ukuba izihlandlo ezithathu ukuya ezine iminyaka elikhulu ngokuba pandemics.

Izifo pandemics imihla yethu

Kwimbali yale mihla, kukho ezi zilandelayo, lo bhubhani edume:

• "Umkhuhlane Spanish" ngo-1918-1920, esibangelwa yintsholongwane i-H1N1, wathabatha phezu uqikelelo nje imiphefumlo yabantu malunga nezigidi ezingama-20;
• ubhubhane kweminyaka 1957-1958, i-umkhuhlane Asian ekuthiwa-esibangelwa yintsholongwane H2N2, sele ubulele abantu malunga 1 million;
• zibangelwa H3N2 uhlobo lwe Hong Kong umkhuhlane ka 1968-1969 wabulala abantu malunga nama-34 000;
• umkhuhlane Russian 1977-1978 xesha.

Abanye abaphandi badla mabazihlele kwaye kuvuke ngo-1997 "intaka" yaye ngo-2009 "flu", kodwa izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ngobhubhani.