"Ukwakha Syndrome lokugula" - leyo izindlu yenzeka

Igama elithi "syndrome yokwakha sick" saqala kusetyenziswa unyango World Health Organization isiqingatha leminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokutsho kuphando epheleleyo lwenziwa ziingcali American US ne-30% ye izakhiwo abakhuselekanga impilo. Kwinani zokuhlala kunye "nezingalunganga" ofisi eRashiya, umntu ndicinga kuphela. Syndrome ebangela iimpawu ezifanayo nezo ze zizifo zamaphaphu, kodwa ngenxa yeemeko zangaphandle: ukungunda, uthuli, izinto eziyingozi eguquguqukayo, kunye nezinye etyabulayo kunye nomzimba.

indawo endlini

iingxaki zokhuseleko ecological ubomi uMhlaba kuxoxwa ehlabathini lonke. Kwenziwa, imali eyabelwe oluninzi lwemisebenzi zophando ukuze kuphuculwe imeko kunye nemeko umoya, amanzi, iilwandle behlabathi, imihlaba.

Enye into ebalulekileyo eziphilayo yesakhiwo. Umgangatho wobomi kuxhomekeke ngqo kumgangatho kwezindlu, iimpawu zayo zisempilweni. umoya Domestic ngu kwezenkolo Kuqikelelwa ngamaxesha 9 ziyityhefu kwaye amaxesha 5 dirtier engaphandle ngakumbi. Emini, abantu "amukela" ku-3 billion amasuntswana uthuli. Ezi zinto ezingalunganga mandundu kakhulu zempilo.

Ukuba microclimate ngaphakathi isakhiwo yaphulwe, kukho "syndrome isakhiwo sick" - xa oluhlala kwi indlu eziphilayo, imichiza, kunye nezinye izakhi. Ekuqaleni, abahlala okanye abasebenza kukho iingxaki ukuphefumla, iintlungu ekugqibeleni zibonakale bamalunga, ugwayi.

definition

Siza ukuqonda ukuba asebenzise igama elithi "syndrome yokwakha abagulayo". Ingcamango of SBS (IsiNgesi isakhiwo lokugula syndrome) lisetyenziswa ukuchaza imeko apho lungenzeki abemi izakhiwo ezithile uluhlu apho izifo, iimpawu, yaye akukho isifo esithile.

Abantu badla bayazibuza ukuba abemi yezindlu "isakhiwo lokugula syndrome" yenzeka amaninzi. Okubonakalisa iimpawu ezinxulumene kakhulu imali encinci kakhulu umoya kumagumbi kunye nomgangatho ophantsi.

imithombo ezingcolisa ingaba:

• eziphilayo (umz, icala-eziveliswa yokuphefumla, ngamathontsi, ngundo);
• izinto zokwakha ekhethiweyo (izinyibilikisi, ipeyinti, zemithi, asbestos);
• umoya air conditioning (amagciwane imibhobho emoyeni);
• umoya ngaphandle (chemistry ezingcolisekileyo kwizixeko ezinkulu);
• ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwezibonelelo (umzekelo, ukutshaya).

iimpawu

Ngowe-1984, WHO ingxelo ukuba i "syndrome isakhiwo sick" Zinjalo-30% kwezakhiwo ezitsha kwaye alungisiweyo ehlabathini. Xa elide ekufumaneni kuzo Inokwenzeka:

• intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi;
• niphele;
• isicaphucaphu;
• ugwayi;
• iimpawu nokudinwa;
• kwinwebu kwiinwebu;
• ukuphelelwa umoya;
• ubuhlungu ngokuhlangeneyo kunye nabanye.

"Imbi" * Iapatmenti

Uphando lubonisa ukuba kungabotshwa ukwaphuka ukonakala abantu (ukungavisisani yamehlo, isikhumba, iphecana eliphezulu nokuphefumla, intloko, ukudinwa, ukuphazamiseka kokulala) unxulunyaniswa mgangathweni komoya bephefumla kule ndawo. Xa umoya kwezakhiwo mihla uvaliwe ku 300 iikhompawundi aziphethe chemical, amangolwane, ezahlukeneyo endotoxins ngumngundo, ukufumaneka olongeziweyo radon. Ngaphandle zonke ngasentla, umntu egumbini kuchaphazela amasimi kagesi zombane zasekhaya radiation (iikhompyutha, iimayikhroweyivi) kunye atom ekwakheni izinto. Ezi zinto ezinokubangela "isakhiwo syndrome abagulayo".

Eli gama lisetyenziswa xa uphahla kwindlu ezivuzayo, iintanda ezindongeni, ukufudumeza eyaphukileyo sikhetha uphuhliso nwe nomngundo ngemikroskopu, ogama zavuleka ayityhefu. Kwizakhiwo ebusika ivame atshiswe ngenxa ngokushushubeza irhasi yendalo, iimveliso zabo yokutsha ezingakhuselekanga.

imiba yomngcipheko

izinto eziyingozi, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, umoya ningangeni kwindawo evaliweyo, abakwazi ayinakubalwa. Ngowe-1971 oko zabuya uluhlu eziqalelo kwemichiza kwi mali amahlanu ulwabiwo zezixhobo zokwakha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokuphawulekayo ukwandisa Iipholima ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo ezitsha, ukulungiswa kunye nendawo ophela kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Asingekhe silibale malunga impefumlelwano ezi khemikhali, ezinye zazo womeleza inyathelo ngalinye zomnye.

Into etyabulayo chemical

Kuwo onke amazwe, "syndrome isakhiwo sick" lukhatshwa ilahleko ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho, njengoko kufuneka ukuphumeza amanyathelo othintelo, ukuba ukunyanga abantu, ukuze uhlawulele esibhedlele. Noko ke, abanini ngokwabo ukwenza imeko ezimbi, ukuzama ukwenza loo nto ibizwa ngokuba 'kwesakhiwo "kunye nokusetyenziswa ezenziwe. izinto ezinjalo ukuba phantsi kurhulumente uviwo sanitary-nyhikityha kwaye basebenze nabo lwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo (ulwelo okanye umoya emagumbini ezizodwa Ukulinganisa). Kubomi nzima ngakumbi.

Yeendima eziyingozi lomoya-ofisi zokuhlala ezi formaldehyde kunye phenol. Uyondelelwano lwee- amakhaya kuqala kuxhomekeke kwi Ukwanda Iipholima Improvement (ichipboard impahla entsha eveliswe ngokusekelwe urea kunye phenol-formaldehyde nentlaka). formaldehyde umthombo na irhasi kunye nemveliso yokutsha ayiphelelanga. Enye arhente kuqala kuluhlu ezingcolisa umoya styrene, nto leyo kukhululwa iimveliso yokwambathisa amanzi ukumelana lodonga. Ilinoliyam, ivanishi, ipeyinti, yokuncamathelisa, izinyibilikisi yimithombo benzene, xylene, toluene.

Ngoko ke, nanku umbuzo koko izindlu "syndrome isakhiwo sick", singakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo impendulo - abo apho:

• Oku wasebenzisa ezininzi izinto zeplastiki (windows, iisilingi lanqunyanyiswa, iiphaneli PVC);
• Ifanitshala entsha akwenziwa ngezinto zendalo;
• kunomgangatho ne ilinoliyam (iikhaphethi mfumba eyenziwe ngumntu, laminate);
• ngendlela isicelo, izinto usambathisa ;
• izakhiwo kutshanje amagumbi wazilungisa.

neeplastikhi eziyingozi

Xa kuphuhliso syndrome igalelo ukwenza izinto polymeric ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukwakhiwa mihla lokuvelisa ifenitshala, kwakunye umgangatho kunye nodonga nangesigqubuthelo sayo. Not ubuncinane inkqubo ungcoliseko lomoya isuswe icuba umsi kunye ukutshiswa iimveliso yerhasi yendalo. Kufumaniseka ukuba imithombo yongcoliseko kunye bodwa iikhemikhali ezithile (umz carbon monoxide) kwizakhiwo zempilo ziyingozi kakhulu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni evulekileyo.

Ukubakho kwezinto Polymer kukhokelela inkangeleko kombane static. Oku ngakumbi kubi imeko zezulu kwiindawo apho kukho abantu ixesha elide. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kuthintelo "isakhiwo lokugula syndrome" kufuneka uqale yezakhiwo zokuhlala. Kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle yokundwendwela ecological kwindlu nganye, kwaye inika ulawulo phezu izinto nakhelwe.

ukufuma kwemfuneko

izakhiwo Stone asisiseko izixeko ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho GUION kummandla yezindlu Petersburg 96,9% emelwe izakhiwo ngamatye. Ezi ziquka: 48,7% yendawo - isakhiwo lwezitena, ikakhulu ngaphandle khazi; 14.8% - zokuhlala zakhiwa phambi Revolution.

Inqanaba ukufuma kokuqala izakhiwo wamatye yi 8-12%, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli nani ukwandisa nge izihlandlo eziliqela. Iingcali irekhodi ukunyuka liphuma ezimanzi eludongeni ngezitena ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha enekota.

Abantu abaninzi bayazi kodwa angade acinge ukuba ubumanzi - indawo evumayo uninzi iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Ukuqhekeka iindonga umqhubi ukufuma kunye izinto eziyingozi (kuquka fungi). Ngophando, abemi kwezinye izindlu kukho "sick isakhiwo syndrome". Kwathi kanti, ukuphambuka yemida microclimate ukuba kubi apho xa isakhiwo kunye zodaka iminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, oko kukuthi, xa banxibe ebonakalayo kwisithuba se-25%.

ufane

ukufuma High kuyingozi ngokwako, kunye Cya, bazihluthe ibango lazo, ukuphuhlisa kwimeko enjalo. Umzekelo, eSweden olumisiweyo mali microcell sokubumbela ngundo endaweni emoyeni endlwini akufanele ngaphezu iiyunithi 174. Uphononongo lubonise kwilizwe lethu lidlule eli nani ngokuphindwe 3-6.

Okwangoku, umntu kokuhlala ixesha elide kwiindawo ezimdaka kunye kukho "syndrome yokwakha abagulayo". Ukumisela umthombo ukungunda lu dityanisiwe umthamo omkhulu umsebenzi - iyikoloni nomngundo rhoqo ukuhlala kwiindawo ezikude, kwi microcracks, phantsi entanjeni. Xa sikuyo ibonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba ngeliso lenyama, ngoko ke igumbi sifo kakhulu, angoyiswa nzima kakhulu olu hlaselo. Ziziphumo inhalation komoya ne sikuyo abe diathesis, isifuba, aleji, umhlaza, umonakalo ilungu lwangaphakathi.

"Ukwakha Syndrome lokugula": lococeko kwiindawo

Umntu akakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle ukutya, amanzi kunye neoksijini. umoya ococekileyo - isitshixo kwimpilo. Abantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu ikhutshwa phandle izakhiwo ngaphakathi ukuya kwi-90% yexesha labo. Njengabantu, igumbi kwakhona kufuneka uhlobo yezempilo.

abakhi abanobuchule Ndazi lukhulu malunga "abagulayo isakhiwo syndrome" kwaye na onokumxelela leyo izindlu livela kaninzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusola umoya kakuhle, ngoko yokutshekisha yalo kunye nonyango elandelayo kufuneka wenziwe rhoqo. umgangatho womoya Poor kunokubangela imiphumo ezifana komzimba, ukutyabuka iliso, hoarseness, ukukhohlela, isikhumba, intloko ebuhlungu, kwaye umkhuhlane jikelele.

Impilo - hayi isizathu kuphela ukucoca imigudu umoya. Khangela system yakho yokuphefumla ezinokutsha (amanqatha kwesitovu, iingubo notsala ifayibha) kwandisa ingozi yomlilo. Ngoko ke, imeko ukucoceka esweni lomoya kufuneka ziqhutywe rhoqo.

Izinto aphula igumbi umoya

Uninzi izakhiwo Russian kuba ixesha xa iifestile zeplastiki yayingekabikho. Ngako oko, imigangatho yokwakha athathele ingqalelo ubukho microventilation ukongeza neenkontsho ekhitshini kunye lokuhlambela. Ngenxa "ephefumlayo" moya izakhelo ngomthi eholweni, igumbi lokulala, abantwana zihlaziywa rhoqo.

Ukufakelwa windows zeplastiki kunganciphisa ufudumele nokuphucula soundproofing, kodwa ngokupheleleyo "off" micro-umoya. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni ukufuma kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ndlu ekwakhiweni. Kakade ke, kukho imifuziselo windows ezibonelela exchange igesi, kodwa abathengi abaninzi zifakwa "oko ayibizi kakhulu." plastiki angabizi nto nje kukwaphula umoya, kodwa ezinye kukhupho amacandelo imichiza eyingozi.

Phakathi zinto ithintele umoya kwizakhiwo, siphakamise:

• Ukufakelwa iifestile zeplastiki, elibalwa ngokufaka iifestile kabini-ogciniweyo kwi kwivaranda.
• Ukufaka iingcango eqhelekileyo kwi laphu eshinyeneyo ngaphandle izikhewu "amabi".
• Zokuvala (uphawu) udonga olungaphandle.
• yobisi Replan.
• Isiphelo hood oven (kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane zasekhaya) ngqo ofaka umoya.

air product

Kukho nezisombululo zeteknoloji ukuze umoya ekhuselekileyo endlwini. Le mpumelelo zamvanje ekucombululeni iingxaki amacebo ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo, Ukhuseleko High, 3G kunye nabanye. Ukuba uyakwazi ukufaka ezingcolisayo sukube kunye kwamaqondo eparticulate kwi imibhobho emoyeni, ngaphandle imfuneko kwakhona ucwangciso kweendawo.

• Ukhuseleko High ukwenzela ukuhluza inamacandelo yebhayoloji nemichiza.
• 3G filter Isetyenziswa ukulondoloza air esempilweni kunye ukubamba particulates ezincinane ezifumaneka emoyeni, izinto zendalo, amavumba ezingemnandi.

"Green Building"

Kuba amakhaya kunye izazinzulu zemozulu amahlwempu yingozi baye kunye igama elikhethekileyo - "syndrome isakhiwo abagulayo". Ngokwahlukileyo kubo kumazwe ikhula njalo-ebizwa ngokuba "isakhiwo green." Lo mkhuba uba kwande kwi West. Abachaphazelekayo (abayili, abakhi, kwezenkolo, oogqirha, iinkampani ze-inshorensi) baye baqaphela ukuba singabi cwaka ngale ngxaki.

Abahlalutyi bathi Ukonakala kwenye impilo yabahlali, ukunciphisa imveliso abasebenzi ofisi, iintlawulo inshorensi ekubonelela uncedo kangangoko ukusetyenziswa iiprojekthi ezindala umyili kunye nezinto cheap. Endaweni ye-DSP, iipholima kunye ipeyinti kufika izinto eco-friendly. Iimfuno ezintsha isicelo ukuyila kunye nolwakhiwo ukuqinisekisa umoya ethembekileyo ukuba zingangenwa.

Imibuzo kuqhubeka ekuphandeni sezulu endlwini. Parameters imandundu yayo enxulumene ubudala isakhiwo kunye ukwehla emzimbeni kwezakhiwo umthwalo yawo. iindonga uchonge izitena lomlingani ngokwaphulwa, leyo iphazamisane umgangatho sezulu endlwini.

Kwaye ku Russia?

I amaRashiya waziva ngayo ngaphezu kwabanye, gama elo elithetha "syndrome isakhiwo abagulayo". sezulu nobunzima kakhulu, kwakunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezifikelelekayo (ingakumbi kakhulu olwenziwa eSoviet Union) unokuvelisa ezininzi iingxaki zoluntu. Ilizwe ngokwenene ufuna yotshintsho yezindlu. Ukuze siphephe ngxaki njenge "isakhiwo syndrome sick", nto leyo likwaneklinkhi ukuba kuhle ukuba silungise?

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imarike Russian sele ngayo lo mkhwa Koloni. Iimfuno ezintsha ze ukuhlangula ipropati lokusingqongileyo kunye namandla. Umzekelo iphawulekayo kule - izakhiwo ezitsha usebenzisa imigaqo "isakhiwo green", injongo yayo ephambili - ukunciphisa elipheleleyo (phezu umjikelo wobomi isakhiwo) nempembelelo eyingozi lwempilo abahlala ziko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Enye candelo BREEAM kunye LEED imigangatho ukuhlelwa izakhiwo kummandla we "isakhiwo green" luzinikele umgangatho nje endlwini lomoya, kwaye impilo nentlalo-ntle. Eyona lever engundoqo ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo ezinqwenelekayo - ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa kunye neendlela ezintsha ekwakheni, kuquka ukwakhiwa izisombululo zenkxaso zobunjineli.

amathuba

Ngo-Russia, i "isakhiwo green" luya lusiba nochatha. I-avareji market real estate lomthengi - kuba ngabantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35, kutshanje intsapho. Kubo, into ebalulekileyo emakhayeni abo, ke akukabi ukulungele ukuba uhlawule ngaphezulu sverhkachestvo. Abangoyikiyo abagulayo zokwakha syndrome, naxa kufikwa imali yokusingqongileyo elizayo kwi isibonelelo samandla. Kodwa njengokuba nazi, ukuba ilizwe sele imeko entle kwezoqoqosho kunye neemfuno kumgangatho wobomi ukhulisayo labantu.

umdla omkhulu "isakhiwo green" ubonisa ushishino, ingakumbi xa kufikwa ukwakhiwa, ezifana njengeziko ishishini iimfuno zaso. Kulo mzekelo, ithuba ukonga yokusebenza ukuya kwi-40% kwi ixesha payback lisezantsi noko kutyalo elingaphaya iinkqubo ezifunekayo kunye nobuchwepheshe (malunga 10-12 iminyaka) na umzuzu kakhulu ibaluleke-mali Ingqondo yeengqondi ndiyitshitshise.