Izinto eziyingozi

Yonke imihla, abantu abakhuselekanga amawaka imichiza ezahlukeneyo. Abaninzi baxhalabile malunga nempilo yabo kunye uzame ukufumana impendulo yalo mbuzo: ones ziyingozi kwaye nokuba babangela umhlaza okanye ezinye iingxaki? Kodwa asimele siphathe le ngxaki kuphela ngenxa ngegalelo elingenzeka kokusingqongileyo lwamashishini eziyingozi, njengoko imingcipheko enxulumene ne ukutya engafanelekanga, ukuzeyisa medicate, kunye neminye imiba yokuziphatha apho. Umzekelo, ityuwa ezityiwayo (Formula NaCl yakhe) esetyenziswa ukudla imihla ngemihla. Kodwa yena, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo ezikhoyo, ibhekisela iklasi III lwengozi. A ethylene (ifomula yayo imichiza yi C2H4) na into eyingozi kangako zifakiwe eklasini ingozi IV. Ngoko emva konke eziquka imiba efana izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokubekwa kwawo? Ntoni ukuba zifakelwe la maxwebhu?

Iimpendulo zale mibuzo banikwa yi GOST 12.1.007-77 *. izinto ezinobungozi - ezi anemichiza leyo ngenxa sanctions iimfuno zokhuseleko kungabangela (kukudibana nento umzimba womntu), iingxaki zempilo, izifo emsebenzini okanye ukwenzakala emsebenzini. Zonke ezi ngxaki zikholisa zafunyanwa ngexesha lenkqubo yeziphumo zabo okanye ixesha elide elide lobomi, nkqu kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo. Kwakhona ubeka ezisemgangathweni (ngokuxhomekeke iqondo ifuthe emzimbeni womntu) ukwenzela imichiza ezahlukeneyo eziqulathwe izinto, intermediates, iimveliso kunye nenkunkuma, kuzo zonke iiklasi ezine emngciphekweni. Ngoko ke, zonke izinto ezinobungozi ngokuqhelekileyo iyingozi kakhulu (I eklasini), yingozi kakhulu (II grade) ngokungxamisekileyo, abangaxhalabisiyo ezinobungozi (udidi III) okanye ingozi ephantsi (udidi IV).

Kwezidalwa iveliswa kwinkqubo ngokuthelekisa ngamaxabiso okwenene kunye amaxabiso amiselweyo Iimpawu ezithile. Ezi ziquka Umda exposure (emoyeni kwendawo yokusebenza), ukufumaneka kwezinto ezinobungozi, idosi koko ezibulalayo ukuba Asikokungena esiswini, idosi imin ezibulalayo ukuba dermal, avareji yoxinaniso ebulalayo zokusebenza umoya izowuni, kwaye ukungavumelani kwe yityhefu kwenzeka imimandla inhalation ahlekise kunye esingapheliyo izenzo. Ngoko ke, ingozi udidi kwezinto ezinobungozi, ngokutsho ixabiso olunemiqathango osetyenziswa sokuhlelwa kweekhemikhali eziyingozi.

yi MPC emoyeni kwizakhiwo zoshishino kunye udidi ingozi zidweliswe kwiSihlomelelo 2 ukuya kwinani GOST 12.1.005-88 izinto ezingaphezulu kwama-1,300. Imali elikhulu ulwazi efanayo inokufumaneka imithetho yezempilo ZiQalo 2.2.5.1313-03. Kuluncedo ukuqaqambisa ezinye izinto, kwaye oku kufanelekile ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba indima ezingalunganga yokutya ngokungafanelekanga esingangqinelaniyo kunye ngeengozi zokutshaya (zombini esebenzayo kunye iintshayi zezenzi). Ngenxa yokuba icuba iqulethe izinto ezinobungozi ezifana benzopyrene, carbon monoxide, inicotine, carbon emnyama kunye nabanye. Thelekisa, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele MPC ingozi ezinye iindidi anemichiza ukuba ufake emzimbeni womntu xa uthatha iziyobisi kunye nokutya okanye ngenxa yokutshaya:

• benzopyrene - 0,00015 mg / m3, I yeklasi;
• nicotinamide (vitamin PP) - 1 mg / m3, udidi II;
• carbon black - 20 / di3, udidi mg III;
• carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) - 20 mg / di3, iklasi III;
• sodium chloride (itheyibhile ityuwa) - 5 mg / m3, iklasi III;
• oxalic (ethanedioic) asidi - 5 mg / m3, iklasi III;
• Ethylene - 100 mg / m3, udidi IV.

Kuyabonakala ukuba vitamin PP, ityuwa kunye oxalic acid eziyingozi kakhulu kuba arhente zoluntu ngaphezu imveliso yemichiza ye ethylene, evela ukuvelisa ngemithamo elikhulu kwaye lisebenza njenge ekrwada wemveliso of polyethylene eziphathekayo (ukusuka apho ukwenza umboniso, izikhongozeli, kunye nezinye iimveliso luncedo). Ugxininiso kufuneka zifakwe kwi ngeengozi:

1. Nokungondleki. Umzekelo imifanekiso - oxalic acid. MPC ukuba amadama yi 0.5 mg / dm3. Iqulethe lukhulu kwi beetroot (0.61%), itswele eliluhlaza (1.48%), parsley (1.70%), isipinatshi (0.97%), rhubarb (0.75%). Ngoko ke, ukuba ekutyeni ziquka isiqingatha beet (ingcambu ubunzima 300 g), umzimba womntu ufumana malunga 1 g of oxalic acid. umthamo iyabulala, ngokutsho kwezinye data, loo nto ithathwa yokufakwa 5g.
2. Nge ukutshaya. Wonke imizuzwana emithandathu ngenxa izifo ezinxulumene ukutshaya, ihlabathi ofayo ukuba umntu omnye - i data WHO. Ngelo xesha waphawula ngonyaka kobu bomi basemhlabeni. Ukuba ngo-2020 ilindeleke linani elikhulu liya kabini baze kufika 10 yezigidi. Per ngonyaka.

Kucacile ukuba izinto eziyingozi ngenisa emzimbeni, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa kweemeko ezingentle zokusingqongileyo, njengoko kucacisiwe zosasazo ezininzi, kodwa ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabantu engenangqondo. Nangona amathuba zokufumana ulwazi luncedo, abantu musani ukudla, umsi, asele utywala okanye iziyobisi. Kuphela uyayiqonda ubungozi ngokubeka up ukutya okunempilo kwaye imikhuba emibi, unga nciphisa kakhulu impembelelo kwezinto ezinobungozi emzimbeni.