Ukwahlukanisa ekudibaneni kwemichiza

A ukusabela chemical yinkqubo yotshintsho izinto, ngelo xesha kukho utshintsho kubume okanye ukwakhiwa. Ngenxa yale nkqubo inguqulelo ukuqala izinto okanye nezinto kungena imveliso yokugqibela. Namhlanje baseka kudidi ecacileyo kakhulu yokusabela zeekhemikhali.

Inkcazelo ngayo ngokusebenzisa zibalo. Iimpawu ekudibaneni kwemichiza

Kukho iindidi zokuhlelwa eziliqela, nganye kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Umzekelo, abasabela ngayo wenziwe ezahlulwe sisithuba ngokunikela ingqalelo:

• ubungakanani kunye nokwakhiwa le reactants kunye neemveliso lokugqibela;
• isimo udibaniso lwe izinto lokuqala nelokugqibela (gas, elulwelo, uhlobo eqinileyo);
• kwiqela lezigaba;
• uhlobo amasuntswana leyo yagqithiselwa ngexesha reaction (ion, electron);
• ukusebenza emhlabeni;
• amanzi ngendlela reaction umva.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekudibaneni kwemichiza zidla ezibhaliweyo usebenzisa ifomula kunye zibalo. Icala lasekhohlo lalenxaki ichaza ukwakhiwa ezi reactants kunye nohlobo ngokuzibandakanya kwabo, yaye kwicala lasekunene uyakwazi ukubona imveliso yokugqibela. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu - inani athom isiqalelo ngasinye kwicala lasekunene kwaye ekhohlo linokulingana. Kuphela ngale ndlela liyasetyenziswa umthetho ukulondolozwa mass.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kukho ukuhlela ezininzi. Iya baxoxe ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa.

Ukuhlelwa reactions kwemichiza ekwakhiweni, inani iimveliso lokuqala nelokugqibela

Ngayo Compound; ziyakuba izinto Babaninzi ziyadibana zenze into enzima kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le basabela sikhatshwa ukukhululwa ubushushu.

reactions yokubola: i reactant lokuqala yikhompawundi entsonkothileyo owenza kwinkqubo kokuwa izinto noko lula. reactions basenokuba zombini redox yaye zenzeka ngaphandle ukutshintsha Valence.

reactions Ukufakwa - zimele unxibelelwano phakathi kweziyobisi entsonkothileyo elula. Xa inkqubo endaweni nawuphi atom yee ezimbaxa. Ngokwalo, basabela ungaboniswa ngolu hlobo:

A = AB + BC + C

metathesis - inkqubo apho reactant ezimbini feeds nokutshintshanisa iincwadi phakathi kwezahlulo candelo. Umzekelo:

AB + CD = AD + CB

transfer reactions - luphawulwa ukudlulisela i-atom okanye iqela athom ngeempahla omnye komnye.

Ukuhlelwa ekudibaneni kwemichiza: iinkqubo ingathityazwa lakho

Olunye uphawu ebalulekileyo basabela - lithuba lokuba umva le nkqubo.

Ngoko wabiza iimveliso ukusabela ngaleyo ingathityazwa leyo ziyasebenzisana, zakha izinto eqala efanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi osemqoka kufuneka nakanjani uvele kule nxaki. Kulo mzekelo, inxalenye asekhohlo nasekunene lenxaki wabeka iintolo ezimbini ezichaseneyo.

Xa i imveliso yemichiza basabela vuhlayiseki akukho nako zisenokuxabana nezinye - ubuncinane phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuhlelwa abasabela kwemichiza isiphumo thermal

indlela Thermochemical yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili:

• iinkqubo exothermic, apho kukho nto ukuzibhubhisa ubushushu (energy);
• iinkqubo endothermic, efuna Ukunciphisa amandla lwangaphandle.

Ukuhlelwa reactions kwemichiza kwinani izigaba sigaba iyavela

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, i imeko udibaniso lwe izinto kwakhona kubaluleke gqitha ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ekudibaneni kwemichiza. On ezi zizathu ngokuqhelekileyo zizakubalulwa:

• gas reaction;
• ukusabela isisombululo;
• iinkqubo imichiza phakathi eziqinileyo.

Kodwa ke iimveliso sokuqala nesokugqibela azisoloko zibhekisela kulo naliphi na ilizwe enye udibaniso. Ngoko ke, ukusabela kwaye zihlelwa ngokususela kwinani ngokwezigaba:

• single-phase okanye reactions yohlobo olunye - iinkqubo zabo iimveliso kwakulo mo (kwiimeko ezininzi, indlela abasabela ngayo kuyenzeka nokuba kwisigaba igesi okanye isisombululo);
• indlela owahlukeneyo (multiphase) - reactants kunye neemveliso lokugqibela inokuba kumazwe ahlukeneyo udibaniso.