Ukuzixhasa ngokwezimali ... Imigaqo yeengxelo zeendleko

Inkqubo yeengxelo zeendleko kwi-theory yezoqoqosho ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zinzima kakhulu ukuzifunda. Eli nqanaba linomzila wexesha elidlulileyo. Imigaqo yokubalwa kweendleko zimiselwe ngumthetho wexabiso. Cinga ngolu hlobo ngokubanzi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

Ukuzixhasa ngokuzixhasa ngenye yezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxazulula iingxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho. Iquka ukusetyenziswa kweendidi zexabiso kunye nezibonisi ezaneleyo kubo. Ukuziphendula ngokuzimela kuyindlela yokuphelisa ukuchasana phakathi kwexabiso labathengi kunye nexabiso lempahla kwimiqathango yokusebenza komzekelo wemakethe ejongene noluntu.

Izixhobo zophuhliso

Ukuqaliswa kweendleko zemali zaqala ngo-1922. Ekuqaleni kwakubizwa ngokuba yoshishino. Njengoko iziqalo ezicwangcisiweyo kwicandelo lolawulo zandisiwe, lwaba qoqosho. Ngaphambi, amashishini axhaswa ngemali ngemali yebhajethi. Imali ithunyelwe ngokuhambelana neendleko zangempela zokukhutshwa kweempahla. Ngalo mali , imveliso yabasebenzi ayanda ngokunyuka. Ukuqaliswa kokuzixhasa ngezimali kukujolise ekudaleni ukukhuthazwa koqoqosho ngokukhula kwayo. Ukongezelela, kunika imali yokugcina imali, abasebenzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.

Ukuchaneka kokuphunyezwa

Kwizenzo zentlalo yoluntu, iinzame eziliqela zenzelwe ukutshintshela kwinkqubo yokuxhasa imali. Nangona kunjalo, bonke bahluleka. Kwakukho izizathu ezininzi zezi. Ingundoqo yabo yayikungabikho kokhuphiswano, ukhuphiswano lwabasebenzi bezoqoqosho - abathengisi, abanini, abathengi. Kwimarike, ukubalwa kweendleko kukuyimfuneko yokuphuhlisa ishishini. Iba enye yezona zixhobo zoqoqosho ezibalulekileyo.

Imigaqo yokuzixhasa ngemali

Umbutho wezemali usekelwe kwi:

1. Buyela kwiindleko kunye nenzuzo. Ukuzixhasa ngokwasemali isixhobo esibonelela yonke imibutho eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ngokubuyisela iindleko zokuvelisa kunye ne ngeniso. Inkampani nganye kufuneka yenze inzuzo eyaneleyo yokufihla indleko kunye nokwenza imali ekhululekile.
2. Ukuzimela kwezoqoqosho. Inkampani nganye inikezwa ithuba, ngokwengqiqo yayo, ukulahla impahla, ukuveliswa kwemveliso, ukuthengisa iimveliso, ukuqesha abasebenzi. Zonke iinkampani ngokuzixhasa ngemali zine-akhawunti yazo ebhankini, zifumana iimboleko. Iibutho zinomhla webhanki, ingxelo.
3. Uxanduva. Umbutho kunye nabasebenzi bawo banembopheleleko yokungazalisekanga izibophelelo, ukusetyenziswa okungenangqiqo kwezixhobo kunye nezinye izenzo ezenziwa kwimiba yomsebenzi. Ukuba inkampani ayifinyelele iithagethi ezicwangcisiweyo, umgangatho wemveliso unqabile, ulula, imitshato iyavunyelwa, njalo njalo, ke imali yayo iyancipha. Le meko inefuthe kulwalamano nabathengi, abathengi, ababoneleli kunye nababoleki. Ukunciphisa intlawulo, ukuhanjiswa, ukuncitshiswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kuqale. Ngako oko, kukho imiphumo emibi kwishishini ngendlela yezohlwayo.
4. Inzala yomntu. Zonke iindleko zokusebenza zihlanganiswa yoshishino oluvela kwiimali zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-solvency kunye neendleko zixhomekeke ngqo kwingeniso. Eyona nto ingcono inkampani isebenza, isimo sayo sezimali esomeleleyo. Umsebenzi osebenzayo ubalulekile kubasebenzi. Oku kubangelwa ukuba i-fund incentive fund isakhiwe ngaphandle kwengeniso, isebenza njengezibonelelo eziphathekayo kubasebenzi.
5. Lawula yi-ruble. Lo mgaqo uthetha ukuba imiphumo yemisebenzi yenkampani kufuneka ixhomekeke kwigalelo layo, kungekhona kwezinye izizathu (ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okanye ubukho bamacandelo engaphandle kweemarike). Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lolawulo olunjalo ngumyalelo ngokuhambelana nokuxhaswa kwemali-mali. Ngokutyalomali kwimveliso, imibutho yasebhanki ibangela ukuba kuhlanganiselwe ngakumbi izibonelelo kunye nokunyuka komsebenzi.

Izigqibo

Njengoko kuboniswa kumalungiselelo angentla apha, isiseko semodeli yeemarike ngokupheleleyo sibonisa ngokuchanekileyo indleko-mali. Unyaka uthathe ixesha lokunika ingxelo. Ekugqityweni kwayo, uhlalutyo lwezibonakaliso eziphunyeziweyo luyenziwa. Kwixesha layo, amacandelo athathaka nabomeleleyo yombono owamkelweyo wokuphuhliswa kwamashishini ubonakalisiwe. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, imisebenzi yenziwa kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuphuhlisa umzekelo

Ngale ndlela yokuphatha, umbuzo uvela ngokudlulisa imigaqo ekhankanywe ngasentla kwi-shishini ngokubanzi kumqeshwa othile. Ingakumbi, ukubunjwa kwemodeli yangaphakathi, isebenza njengesixhobo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwabasebenzi. Imisebenzi ephumelelayo yentlangano kwiimeko zemarike inokwenzeka ngokusebenzisana ngokucacileyo nokulungelelanisiweyo kwazo zonke iiyunithi, umdla wabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi ngabanye ekuphumezeni ukusebenza okuphezulu. Njengoko umkhuba ubonisa, ukutyunjwa kweendleko zemali njengendlela kunye nomgaqo wokulawulwa kwinqanaba lezonxibelelwano eziphambili, ngokusetyenziselwa ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo kunye neendleko, ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ngokukhawuleza akukhuthazi abasebenzi kwaye akongezeli uxanduva lwabo kwiziphumo zemisebenzi. Kule nxu lumene, kuyimfuneko ukufikelela kumzekelo kumqeshwa othile. Ngamanye amazwi, iinjongo kunye nokuqhelaniswa kokuxhasa imali-mali zihanjiswa kwiintsebenzo ze-intraononic.

Iinjongo eziphambili

I-self-financing inkxaso yangaphakathi ifumana inkxaso-mali yeevenkile, iiyunithi zemveliso, iinkonzo, amasebe kunye namanye amaqumrhu abandakanyekayo kwezoqoqosho. Kuyimfuneko ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweendawo zokugcina kunye nokuphumelela kweziphumo eziphezulu emsebenzini wenkampani yonke. Imisebenzi ephambili yokuxhasa kwangaphakathi imali:

1. Ukuqiniswa kokuzimelela kokusebenza kunye noqoqosho lweeyunithi ngabanye kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokuxhomekeke kwenkxaso yeziphumo.
2. Ulungelelaniso olufanelekileyo lwezinto ezihlangeneyo.
3. Inzala enkulu yeeyunithi kunye nabasebenzi kwiziphumo.
4. Ukuqulunqwa kwendlela yokusebenzisana kwepropati phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nabanikazi beli shishini.
5. Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuhlawula. Kule meko, ukuhlolwa kwesiphumo sokugqibela kwabasebenzi kwimarike kuya kuba sisiseko.
6. Ukuphucula inkcubeko yemveliso, izimo zokusebenza kunye nobomi babasebenzi, ukuqinisa ukhuseleko loluntu.
7. Ukwandiswa komsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kunye nomsebenzi weqela.

I-self-financing inqobo isebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yolawulo loshishino. Yenziwe ngumbutho wokuzimela kweyunithi kunye nolawulo oluphambili olucwangcisiweyo, inzuzo kunye nokuhlawula, uxanduva lomthwalo kunye nomdla, ubunye beminqweno yomqeshwa ngamnye kunye neqela lonke.