Ukuveliswa kombane: imbali, isicelo, ukumkelwa

Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwiimbali zeplanethi yenziwe ngumbane. Kufumaneka oku kukunceda ukuphuhlisa impucuko yethu kuze kube namhlanje. Umbane yenye yeendlela ezinobungakanani bemvelo. Ngubani ofumene ukufunyanwa kwalo mcimbi? Ufunyenwe njani umbane kwaye usetyenziswe? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza igalaji ye-galvanic yedwa?

Imbali yokuveliswa kombane ngokufutshane

Ugunyaziwe lwafunyanwa ngokude emva kwekhulu le-7 BC ngumfilosofi wasendulo ongumGrike uThales. Wafumanisa ukuba uboya obomvu obhubha ngeboya bunokukhangela izinto ezincinci.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuvavanywa kwamanzi amakhulu kuqala ngexesha lokuvuselela eYurophu. Ngomnyaka we-1650 iMagdeburg burgastas von Guericke yakha ukufakwa kwe-electrostatic. Ngo-1729, uStephen Grey wanikwa ithuba lokudlulisa amandla kagesi ngaphaya komgama. Ngomnyaka we-1747, uBenjamin Franklin washicilela isicatshulwa apho zonke iinkcukacha ezaziwayo malunga nombane ziqokelelwa kwaye iingcamango ezintsha ziza phambili. Ngo-1785 umthetho we-Coulomb wafunyanwa.

Unyaka we-1800 wawungumjikelo wokuphendulela: I-Volt yaseNtaliyane icela umthombo wokuqala we-DC. Ngowe-1820 isazi senzululwazi waseDenmark u-Oersted wafumanisa ukusebenzisana kwezinto zombane . Ngomnyaka kamva, u-Amper wafumanisa ukuba inkundla yamagnetic idalwe ngogesi wamandla, kodwa kungabikho iindleko ezizenzekelayo.

Abaphandi abaninzi abafana noGauss, Joule, Lenz, Om baye benza igalelo elikhulu ekuvelweni kombane. Unyaka we-1830 nawo waba luleke, kuba uGauss wavelisa inkolelo yenkalo ye- electrostatic. Inkqubela yokufakelwa kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokuphuhliswa kweemoto eziqhubayo ngoku kungokukaMichael Faraday.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, iimvavanyo zogesi zaqhutywa ngabazinzulu abaninzi, kuquka uPerre Curie, uLachinov, uHertz, Thomson, uRutherford. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 inkolelo ye-quantum electrodynamics yavela.

Umbane kwindalo

Ukufumanisa nokuveliswa kombane kwenzeke ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambili kwakucatshulwa ukuba ngokwemvelo nje akakho. Kodwa i-American Franklin yafumanisa ukuba into enjalo, njengombane, iphela yombane kwendalo. Kwangexesha elide umbono wakhe wawunqatshelwe luluntu lulwazi.

Umbane ubaluleke kakhulu kuluntu. Inzululwazi ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokuphuma kombane, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-amino acids kwagqitywa, ngenxa yoko ubomi bomhlaba buzalwe. Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yesibindi, ukusebenza komzimba kwanoma yiphina isilwanyana akunakwenzeka. Kukho iintlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle ezisetyenziswa ngombane njengendlela yokukhusela, ukuhlaselwa, ukuqhelaniswa kwendawo kunye nokukhangela ukutya.

Ukufumana umbane

Ukuveliswa kombane kuye kwaba nefuthe kwinkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe. Ukwenza umbane, izityalo zamandla zenziwe iminyaka emininzi. Ugesi lwakhiwa ngoncedo lwabanezigesi zamandla, kwaye ke ludluliselwa ngamagqa enamandla. Umgaqo wokudala ikhoyo ngoku ukuguqulela amandla ombane kumbane kagesi. Izityalo zamandla zidibene ngokwahlukeneyo:

• Atomic;
• Umoya;
• Hydropower;
• Tidal kunye neyona nto
• Izuba;
• Ukushisa.

Ukusebenzisa umbane

Ukuveliswa kombane ngamalungelo kukufumanisa kakhulu, kuba ngaphandle kwalo, ubomi bwanamhlanje bube nzima. Itholakala phantse kwimizi yonke kwaye isetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, ukupheka, ukufudumeza, kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo zombane. Ugesi kufuneka kwakhona ukuhamba kwee-trams, ii-trolleybuses, i-subways, izitimela zombane. Umsebenzi wekhompyutha, ifowuni ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kombane.

Amava anomdla

Kuvela ukuba isalathisi yelenki ingenziwa ngokuzimela, kwaye oku kwenziwa ngokucacileyo. Le ndlela yaziwa kwikhulu le-20 leminyaka.

Okokuqala kufuneka unqume i-lemon phakathi kunye nesandla esibukhali. Kuyinto engathandekiyo kakhulu ukususa okanye ukucima isahlulo phakathi kwee-loble. Emva koko, kufuneka udibanise kwi-lobule nganye, kwakhona, inxalenye yocingo, malunga no-2 cm ubukhulu. Iiseli kufuneka zitshintshe phakathi kweethusi kunye neenki zincinci. Emva koko iziphelo zee-protruding wires kufuneka zidibaniswe kwichungechunge ngetambo yensimbi encinci ububanzi. Ngale ndlela ungafumana ibhetri. Ungajonga njani ukuba isebenza? Ukwenza oku, unokulinganisela umbane nge-voltmeter.

Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwiimbali zoluntu zenziwe ngumbane. Umhla wokufumanisa awukwazi ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwaqaliswa ngumfundi waseGrike waseThales wasendulo. Ukufunda ngokutsha kombane kwaqaliswe ngexesha lokubuyiswa kweMveli. Ngaphandle kwayo, umsebenzi waluphi na uhlobo oluphilayo awunakwenzeka. Namhlanje, ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo, asikwazi ukucinga ngobomi bethu. Abantu baye bafunda ukufumana, ukudlulisela nokusebenzisa umbane.