Ukungaqiniseki Umgaqo Werner Heisenberg

Umgaqo ukungaqiniseki siyifumana womgca ubucukubhede quantum, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuncothula ngokupheleleyo, sibheka kuzo kuphuhliso wezenzululwazi ngokubanzi. Isaak Nyuton no Albert Einstein, mhlawumbi yemvelo abadumileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Okokuqala kwinkulungwane XVII kade, ukuba baqulunqe imithetho ubucukubhede yamandulo, nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke zonke izidumbu asirhawule, umhlaba, subordinated ukuba inertia nondiliseko. Uphuhliso kwemithetho ubucukubhede yamandulo, wakhokela ihlabathi yenzululwazi yi ekupheleni XIX ekhulwini uluvo lokuba yonke imithetho ezisisiseko yendalo sele, kwaye umntu uchaze nasiphi na isenzeko kwindalo iphela.

imfundiso Einstein kaThixo ka

Kwathi kanti, ngelo xesha, kwafunyaniswa kuphela isesisiqalo, ezinye izazinzulu uphando otyele, izinto ezintsha amazing. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX kwafunyaniswa ukuba andise ukukhanya (eye ngesantya anesiphelo 300 000 km / s) abekho phantsi imithetho ubucukubhede Newtonian. Ngokutsho iifomyula Isaaka Nyutona, ukuba umzimba okanye yomtshangatshangiso ekhutshwa yi njengomthombo uhambisa, isantya sayo iya kulingana umdibaniso umthombo nesantya yakho. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu nokulatyuza amasuntswana enemo eyahlukileyo. imifuniselo ezininzi ziye zabonisa kubo ukuba electrodynamics, isayensi abatsha ngelo xesha, ukusebenza isethi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo imithetho. Nokuba ke, Albert Einstein, kunye yamachiza waseJamani yemvelo Max Planck laqalisa imfundiso yakhe edumileyo ka, nto leyo ichaza ukuziphatha ziluhlaza. Noko ke, thina ngoku kubalulekile, ongazanga ubuntu balo, ngenxa yokuba ngawo lo mzuzu ukungavumelani esiyintloko kwamasebe amabini physics ibonakalalisiweyo, ukudibanisa leyo, ngasendleleni, oosonzululwazi uzama unanamhla.

Ukuzalwa wokulungisa quantum

Ekugqibeleni bayonakalisa intsomi ubucukubhede yamandulo isifundo olunzulu ubume athom. Amalinge Ernest Rutherford ngo-1911 godu wabonisa ukuba atom ubunjwe amasuntswana ngakumbi entle (ebizwa ngokuba protons, neutron kunye electron). Ngaphezu koko, nabo wala ukuba babambisane kwimithetho Newton. Isifundo kwezi amasuntswana amancinane kwaye kwanika ukonyuka kuye amathuba amatsha ukuze lesayensi postulates wokulungisa quantum. Ngenxa yoko, mhlawumbi, ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo indalo nje kuphela kwaye kakhulu ekufundeni iinkwenkwezi, kwaye nasekufundweni amasuntswana zincinci, leyo kunika umfanekiso umdla yehlabathi kwinqanaba micro.

I Heisenberg Ukungaqiniseki Principle

Ngo 1920, ubucukubhede quantum wenza amanyathelo yayo yokuqala, kodwa nabaphandi kuphela
Siyaqonda oko kuthetha ukuba thina. Ngowe-1927, yamachiza waseJamani Werner Heisenberg yaqulunqa edumileyo ukungaqiniseki Umgaqo, ebonisa omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi sekuba ukusuka kwindawo zethu njengesiqhelo. It sikuko yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba umlinganiselo zombini isantya kunye nendawo lwendawo into quantum kuphela kuba umlinganiselo siya kuchaphazela nto, nangenxa yokuba nomlinganiselo ngokwayo nayo wenziwe ngoncedo ziluhlaza. Ukuba ngokupheleleyo trite: lokuhlola into kweli hlabathi macro, sibona ku vangama ka ukukhanya kwakhe ngokusekelwe oku kwenza isigqibo ngayo. Kodwa physics quantum uneziphumo of photons ukukhanya (okanye ezinye yezabelo zemilinganiselo) onesiphumo kwi into. Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo ukungaqiniseki ebizwa ngokuba nzima kucace ukufunda yokuqikelela indlela kwamasuntswana quantum. Kwangaxeshanye, umdla ngokwaneleyo, kunokwenzeka ukulinganisa ngokwahlukeneyo isantya okanye isikhundla umzimba ngokwahlukileyo. Kodwa ukuba umlinganiselo ngexesha elinye, i ephakamileyo iza kuba data zethu kwisantya, i ngaphantsi siyazi ngale meko, yaye vice versa.