Asidi: ulwazi ngokubanzi

Asidi (H2CO3 formula) - diacid buthathaka. Xa izisombululo ashushu ibolile ibe icarbon dioxide namanzi. Le asidi kubaluleke kakhulu nje kuphela izilwanyana, kodwa izityalo. Xa abantu, H2CO3, kunye neetyuwa yayo eziyinxalenye iinkqubo buffer igazi. Ngoncedo lweenkqubo yesidambisi silondoloze ukulinganisela acid-alkali ze emzimbeni, apho kuyimfuneko eqhelekileyo yokusebenza. Le dissociation ye asidi kwiziphumo eliphakathi zolwelo kukwenziwa anions kunye ukuse-. Xi ion kubalulekile ukuba ukuhamba iinkqubo ezininzi kwemichiza emzimbeni lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Kwezinye izifo, basabela esebenzayo inxalenye yegazi lutshintshelwe acid (kwethumba duodenal kunye nesisu) okanye ialakalin (kunye nokudumba, pneumonia) ecaleni. Ukuba asidi kwandisa xi hydrogen ion. Olunjalo utshintsho, ke, musani ukubacaphukisa uphuhliso isiqaqa, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekufeni kwesilwanyana. Xa alkalosis egazini kwandisa lwee- ukuse-, zize tetanus nokufa ombuso isilwanyana.

Asidi imiswe phakathi indlela CO2 ne H2O. Inkoliso abaphandi ukholelwa ukuba ukukhula okukhulu kwezityalo kwihlabathi abangekaphuhli lu dityanisiwe enamandla ebalulekileyo carbon dioxide emoyeni. Ukukhula kakhulu kakhulu yabonwa kwezo izityalo aziintanga eliphezulu (5-10%) yoxinaniso ye asidi apha emoyeni.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izityalo luqulathe isiqingatha carbon. Asidi ondle izityalo, nto inegalelo ukunyibilika kumacandelo zomhlaba bezimbiwa. Ngoko ke, kule meko, kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo emhlabeni. Ngenxa asidi abangaphangeliyo Cya nitrifying, umhlaba kufuneka iqulathe enamandla ubuncinane yayo.

Ngoko ke, ukufumana izivuno eziphezulu kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa uyondelelwano lwee- uthe acid. Abaphandi ukuhlola zabo bafumanisa ukuba xa kulawulwa imihla kumhlaba asidi (400 cm3) kunye nomoya (1200 cm3), sivelisa kabini njengoko izityalo ezininzi njengoko kuthelekiswa into ongayihlwayelanga ziqulathe ezi zinto.

Le lali luphawulwa yobuninzi umoya lomhlaba, ngoko iinkqubo ze nitrification kunye ukubola zibe namandla kakhulu. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba amagqabi ehlathini ukubola ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba esingangonyaka. Ezo nitrification ngamandla kwenzeka emaqeleni. Xa inkqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo sakhulula yonge asidi. Amaxesha Ngasekupheleni nzima ngaphezu komoya, asidi ingena nzulu umhlaba ngaphezu emoyeni, yaye kukho lineziphumo eyingenelo kwi kumacandelo kwizimbiwa.

Ejulile elima iintsalela organic ndiwele ingxenye yaso lomhlaba, apho kungekho O2, kodwa kukho eninzi asidi. Kulo mzekelo, i nitrification icotha gqitha. Phantsi kwezi meko musa cazulula amacandelo izimbiwa kunye initrogen abafumaneki ngamabona. izigaqa Huge iminyaka umgquba belele emhlabeni, hayi peregnivaya. Abanini banyanzelwa ukuba bathenge nezichumiso zokwenziwa (kainite, superphosphate, nitrate Chilean). ukulima Innovative unako ukuphucula isityalo imveliso. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba kwinkqubo yokusebenza umhlaba kwi umphantsi nomphezulu womhlaba organic iintsalela ahlale. Ukudala iimeko kangangoko ukwenzela uphuhliso nokukotshwa ezincinane nitrifying.

Phosphorus, leyo emhlabeni, ayisoloko wendele zizityalo. Tribasic calcium phosphate - iikhompawundi awonayo. Ngoko ke, umhlaba zizityebi iikhompawundi acid phosphoric, kuguqulwa ngayo engazaliyo.