Ukukhululwa Belgrade ukusuka amaNazi, ngo-1944

2014 waye esisityebi lesikhumbuzo. Ngapha koko, kwiminyaka engama-70 eyadlulayo, wathabatha ukukhululwa Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia kunye nezinye izixeko ezininzi kunye iingqukuva Europe abendlu yiSoviet. Ingakumbi kukhunjulwa kulo engama lobuzalwana Serbia, apho unanamhla akhumbule ubuqhawe amasoldati Red Army. Ukusukela kwinkululeko Belgrade kwenzeka ngo-1944, apho eSoviet kunye yesiYugoslav iinkokeli zomkhosi wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu?

prehistory

Umsebenzi zaseYugoslavia ngu amajoni amaNazi lwaqala emva bombardment kakhulu eBelgrade Aprili 6, 1941. Ngokukhawuleza emva koku lokusekwa intshukumo yabanqolobi. Kwaye ekuqaleni amaphiko amabini wayekho: neNgonyama Communist. Kucacile ukuba Amanyeneyo baye bagqiba ukuxhasa abaxhasi abathinjiweyo uKumkani uPeter II. Noko ke, ngo-1943 i monarchists, okanye, njengoko ibizwa, i Chetniks, sagxekwa ekususweni yabemi non-abangamaSerb eYugoslavia kunye Soviet kunye noorhulumente aseBritani baqalisa ukuxhasa ngokuphandle Communist uJosip Broz Tito.

Imeko phambili phambi utyando Belgrade

Ngenxa indawo yayo okuyo, Serbia bekusoloko esemqoka kwiiBalkans. Ngoko ke, lo umyalelo waseJamani ukususela kwimihla wokuqala umsebenzi kule nxalenye yeYugoslavia igcinwe apho ibutho. Ngaphezu koko, emva kokuba impumelelo Olubomvu umkhosi eRomania Bulgaria, kwaye zanikwa iDanube Serbia abe kubaluleke nangakumbi ukuba Wehrmacht. Inyaniso kukuba behamba kwimida okwimpuma yeli lizwe amaJamani zaye ukuqokelela umgca banqande phambili amajoni Soviet, leyo ukurhoxisa imikhosi yayo ezivela Greece kwabelaseMakedoni ukungazithumeli kuwo ukukhusela imida eJamani. Ngaloo ndlela, kucacile ukuba kwinkululeko Belgrade (1944) kuya kuba nzima yaye uya kudinga elungileyo.

Ngokukodwa, ngaphezu-28 Julayi 1944 i NLA eYugoslavia ayevela Bosnia ukuya Serbia, yaye ngoSeptemba waqalisa ukubamba up kunye nemikhosi Soviet. Iindaba yale nkqubo ye-Red Army wamkelwa ngemincili kubemi kwikomkhulu laseYugoslavia, kuba apho waba ngumqondiso leyo inkululeko eBelgrade kufuphi. Ukongeza, xa kokwindla, umyalelo waseJamani bagqiba ukurhoxa KwiiBalkans ukuya Hungary Army Group "E", kunye nokukhululwa eBulgaria zihlasele iJamani kwaye bazitshisa phambi Ukrainian endiniwisela umthetho III, II nese IV zonke Bulgarian Army.

Qala of operation

Xa ixesha ukususela-15 ukuya kowama-21 Septemba 17 Air Army wayalelwa yi umyalelo yiSoviet iibhulorho ibhombu kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela nokuthintela ukurhoxiswa amajoni aseJamani evela kwimimandla ekumzantsi eYugoslavia kunye Greece. Emva koko, ngoSeptemba 28 baqalisa lohlaselo kwi eBelgrade 57th Army, leyo ukusuka ephangweni ekunene zayisithelisa iDanube wayenothotho, ngenkani babeyihamba minefields. imikhosi yiSoviet ngentsebenziswano kunye izahlulo NOAYU ngexesha elifutshane waphuncuka eziphumelela utshaba kunye nomda eBulgaria waza wenza sicatshulwa nzima nge Serbian Carpathians, rhoqo ukuzibandakanya kusiliwa naye imfazwe amaJamani layohlala.

wenkululeko Belgrade esithi: umhla amanqanaba engundoqo osebenza

October 8, amajoni eSoviet wawela Morava umlambo kwaye amisele bridgehead e Palanka kunye Velika Plana. Ukusuka apho ngo-Oktobha 12 lasungula ekhubekisayo ku Belgrade, esuka kwelasezantsi, apho yazinyaswa yi iiyunithi zomkhosi yaseBulgaria 2 NOAYU umzimba. Ngelo xesha baqalisa ekudibaneni iDanube omnye izakhiwo Ukrainian Front, esenza uhlaselo yaseYugoslavia, ikomkhulu emantla-mpuma.

Ngo-Oktobha 14, umsebenzi Belgrade zilandelayo iziganeko zenzeka:

• 12 NOAYU Corps wathabatha ulawulo kweendlela ezikhokelela elikomkhulu, ebekwe ngezantsi kwe Sava River;
• V Guards imishini lweSizwe weza Belgrade, yaza alwe kwimida yayo;
• 57th Army waqalisa phambili ecaleni iDanube, ezama ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ku Belgrade.

Ukongeza, ngo-Oktobha 16 Smederevo iDanube wayenothotho yaba ngeenyawo. Nokuba ngoncedo imikhosi elikhulu inkululeko epheleleyo Belgrade ukusuka awazange iintsuku ezintandathu kuphela ukususela ekuqaleni msebenzi. Isibakala sokuba le dolophu ekampini German abantu abangaphezulu kwama-20,000, waba ilifa imipu 170 kunye mortars kunye namatanki 40. Kwaye, ukugweba lo myalelo imfihlelo Wehrmacht Umyalelo, zonke ezi imikhosi babesiya kubingelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe nokurhoxa amawaka iqela yomkhosi "E".

iiyunithi Military ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule msebenzi Belgrade, kunye CA kunye nokulahlekelwa NOAYU

Kwicala yiSoviet kwi sisithuko kwikomkhulu laseYugoslavia inxaxheba IV Guards imishini lweSizwe, nomkhosi 236th, 73th kunye 106th Guards Division, omnye anti-moya division zokudubula, eziliqela udaka, zokudubula kunye regiments zokudubula self-ngokwaso, ezintathu ezahlukeneyo anti-moya zokudubula butho. Ngaphezu koko, umntu kufuneka lula indima icala yesiYugoslav iye inike zahlukahlukano 8, ngaphandle apho inkululeko Belgrade wayeza zithathe nangakumbi. Ngexesha lo msebenzi i-Red Army salahlekelwa ababuleweyo, wabulala kwaye kulahleke amajoni ezingaphezu kwama-30 000 kunye namagosa ezo ngqo kweso sixeko, yabulala izitalato malunga 1,000. Ngaloo NOAYU ixhoba ngexesha uhlaselo yaba amavolontiya 2953.

Iinkokeli Military, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo inkululeko kwikomkhulu laseYugoslavia

Inkululeko of Belgrade (1944) kwenzeka Bulelani ezininzi iintshukumo eququzelelweyo aphantsi kweenjengele Soviet kunye waseYugoslavia. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, indima ephambili wabelwa III waba phambi Ukrainian umthetho F. I. Tolbuhina, ngokukodwa ke Army 57th, ngelo xesha wayalela uLieutenant Gen. N. A. Gagen. Phakathi iinkokeli zomkhosi eSoviet kufuneka kuqatshelwe Jikelele Zhdanov, yena wathi IV Guards imishini lweSizwe kwaye wafumana utyando Belgrade isihloko Hero eSoviet Union kunye yaBantu Hero lwaseYugoslavia. Ngokumalunga umthetho iiyunithi NOAYU nkobe Belgrade, oko uyiphathisiweyo Dapchevicha Peko, oye ubuchule bakhe bombutho nkqu ngexesha i Spanish War Civil.

Imbasa "Kuba Liberation of Belgrade"

Ukuze ukhuthaze abo wazibonakalisa ekulweni ingqukuva of Yugoslavia, Juni 9, 1945 ibhaso elilodwa karhulumente yasekwa. Loo Molteno "Kuba Liberation saseBelgrade", ezafumana abantu malunga 70,000. Eli bhaso isangqa ngokugqibeleleyo 3.2 cm ububanzi nobhedu, eziqhagamshelene esebenzisa lo msesane isithuba kwaye block standard pentagonal, nto leyo wambu tape eluhlaza emnyama ngumcu phakathi. Le obverse imali ezinkozo ebhankini nombhalo khaxa "Kuba Liberation saseBelgrade", ngentla nto leyo inkwenkwezi-kwakubonisa ezintlanu. Ngaphezu koko, oko kuboniswe circumferentially ngowakhe. Njengoko kuba umva, kwakungekho imini inkululeko of Belgrade nombhalo obonakalayo le nkwenkwezi ezincinane-kwakubonisa ezintlanu. design Indondo wadalwa lomculi A. I. Kuznetsovym, oko kumiselwe ukunxiba kwicala lasekhohlo apha esifubeni.

Imibhiyozo ukuphawula iminyaka 70 nokukhululwa Belgrade

Nangona oku kuvezwa yemveli kumsitho nokuzaliswa nomsebenzi German le enhloko ebibanjwe ngo-Oktobha 20, 2014 imibhiyozo kwiintsuku ezine ngaphambi koko. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye oko ngenxa yokuba ukuba Oktobha 16, 1944, amajoni eSoviet wakhulula kumbindi eBelgrade. Kwakhona, eendaba ingxelo ukuba oku kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba lo mbhiyozo abangama nguMongameli Vladimir Putin.

Hits "Inyathelo winner" ku Belgrade

October 16, 2014 kwikomkhulu Serbian okokuqala ekundleni emkhosini emva 1985. Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni beli lizwe isigqibo sibhiyozela iminyaka engama-70 nokukhululwa eBelgrade. Kule msitho ubuzinyaswe abemi malunga ne-100 lamawaka, amagosa eliphezulu Serbia kunye V. Putin. Ukongeza kule lori odlulayo eentloko ezaxhobela abangamaSerb nezixhobo isibhakabhaka Belgrade abonisa ubuchule kwabo ngabaqhubi Russian of "akha" iqela le.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi ezama ukuba ubhale imbali kwenkulungwane yokugqibela eYurophu kwimeko Serbia musa kuphumelela, yaye abantu beli lizwe uyazikhumbula feat yamajoni Soviet ababegxothiwe umhlwa zwilakhe waza wabakhulula Belgrade.