Ukuchuma - kuzalwa .. umhlaba. izinto okuchuma

Eyona iphambili ilizwe nje izinto zomhlaba yendalo abo okuzala. Ukusuka olu phawu kuxhomekeke ukomelela zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni, izityalo, kunye, Kakade ke, abantu.

Umhlaba njengecandelo esisiseko indalo usebenzisa zonke izibonelelo zalo (amandla elanga, izondlo), yenza kubo izondlo ekuthiwa-nezixa nezityalo, nto leyo, kudla izilwanyana kunye noluntu. Esivulekayo cover lomhlaba i yeenkqubo bio-emzimbeni kunye yamachiza nto ilula, kwaye umxholo udweliso lweenkqubo emhlabeni (ningena kuyo kwaye uvelise loo) kwaye kuxhomekeke ngokutyeba yayo.

Yini ephawula ukuchuma zomhlaba?

Ukusuka apha ngasentla, yaye yagqiba ukuba ukuchuma komhlaba - ukukwazi zomhlaba ukunika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ekukhuleni nokukotshwa nezityalo iimeko ezahlukeneyo zivuma, ezo kuphela kuphela kwindibaniselwano elungeleleneyo ukufuma kunye nobushushu.

iisimboli ukuchuma komhlaba yaMandulo

Uphawu wenzala we nokuxubana yamandulo yaba irhombus elahluleleneyo ngokwalo izabelo ezine, icandelo ngalinye mzobo amelwe yingongoma. Irhombus wayethetha amasimi ezinjalo, kunye nendawo - ehlumayo inkcubeko yabo.

uphawu wenzala imali iimpahla zabasebenzi kwezolimo, iindonga zendlu uze phezu kwabemi inkolelo yamandulo, ubutyebi nobabalo. Obonisa diamond elithile yaba ngunozala kwicandelo lomhlaba wezolimo ibe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke intsimi.

Ngelo lixa uphawu lwangoku lokuchuma komhlaba yinto spike okanye lwahlwayelwa entsimini ingqolowa.

ngezigaba lokuzala

Ukuchuma - yinto yemvelo nje emhlabeni, kodwa sisalathisi umgangatho womhlaba, nto leyo ke njengekhrayitheriya ubalulekileyo kwimveliso yezolimo.

Kunye kwindawo agronomic umbono ezi ntlobo zilandelayo lokuchuma komhlaba;

• zendalo (zendalo);
• lokwenziwa (esebenzayo);
• kwezoqoqosho.

La magama kwaye zikhokelwa zezolimo abaninzi banamhlanje kwenziwe uhlalutyo imo wenzala kunye, kuxhomekeka kwinani ngenxa sisetyenziswa okanye netheknoloji ukulinywa komhlaba iquka ukulima.

Uphawu lokuzala

ukuchuma Natural - yinto isalathiso umgangatho womhlaba, inawo akukho zongenelelo ezahlukeneyo zabantu, abasebenzi kunye nezibonelelo mechanical, kwakunye namacandelo imichiza nezimbiwa. Kule mihla, eli nani liphezulu kuphela kwezo ndawo apho ayisetyenziswanga iinkqubo zale mihla zobugcisa zonyango komhlaba. Ipesenti yabo namhlanje liphantsi kakhulu.

ukuchuma olusebenzayo - ziimpawu balihlutha ilizwe ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni ngqo ukuya lamandla oluntu ekujoliswe noshishino, equka zonke iinkqubo agro-technical usebenzisa ukubangwa resource imishini kwaye, kakade, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso - organic kunye nezimbiwa, kananjalo kuthetha ukutshabalalisa izinambuzane. ukuchuma Effective yakhiwe ukuze kufumaneke izivuno eziphezulu, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwabo imbuyekezo eziphakamileyo.

ukuchuma kwezoqoqosho - a umlinganiselo kwezoqoqosho ixabiso lomhlaba, ezo ngokusekelwe kubuchule lalo ukuthwala isiqhamo kunye neempawu ezoqoqosho kwiindawo ezithile.

Phantsi ukukwazi olungele ukuqonda indibanisela yendalo kwaye ziyafikelelwa kwimihlaba yabo ngenxa ukulinywa komhlaba ngumntu.

ukuchuma Natural ethandwa kakhulu kule mihla siphila ngenxa kwamanani iziza ezininzi yomhlaba ngenxa yeenkqubo kakhulu imishini. abanini ezininzi kakhulu banamhlanje bazama ukuba kancinci Ungayisusa kwi ekubuyiselweni zendalo umgangatho womhlaba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanyathelo agro-technical and agrochemical.

Iimpawu kwisalamane lokuchuma komhlaba

Ezi ntlobo zidweliswe ngasentla wenzala ukuze lincitshiswe ukuba enye inkcazelo - wokuzalisa isalamane, elibhekisela nokukwazi umhlaba lizwe yokondla ezinye iintlobo zezityalo kunye ukwala abanye. Kwaye akukho crop kuthintela imihlaba ezinjalo kuyo nayiphi na iziphumo ezidibanisayo.

Zonke iinkqubo zendalo imihlaba zomhlaba kunye neentlobo zezityalo kakhulu ihlobene kakhulu kwaye sibone iimpawu ezintle kwabanye. Ngapha koko, ukukhula kwezityalo, isivuno kunye namandla zendalo ngenxa ukuchuma komhlaba, yaye, ke, kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe izityalo ezikhula kuqweqwe lomhlaba le.

Ukuba utshintsha ilizwe yemifuno imvelaphi, ngoko watshintsha abo okuzala. Ukuba ukuhlola onke amazwe ehlabathi, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba iindawo entlango kungaphantsi kakhulu kunoko abo bazaliswe zizityalo yinqobo kubo. Ngenxa yoko, imigxobhozo zizaliswe izityalo amanzi onothando, kumahlathi ezi asidi efanelekileyo imihlaba podzolic okanye imihlaba saline. Ukusuka oku kulandela ukuba zonke iintlobo zomhlaba babe umda wayo wenzala yendalo, kodwa hayi kwi zizonke uvavanyo isalathiso, kwaye ngokubhekiselele kwiintlobo ezithile zezityalo.

Sigqiba ukuba amacandelo ngeentlobo zomhlaba lokuzala olungalinganiyo yelizwe amandla kunye nokusebenza ngokunxulumene iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo.

Ekubeni kukho ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba imihlaba ezithile amandla ukuze sikhule kakuhle izityalo ezithile, iimfuno zezolimo ngemisebenzi ezininzi inenzuzo injongo ilizwe. Ngokomthetho ke umhlaba omnyama echumayo.

Elements lokuchuma komhlaba

Ukutyeba komhlaba senziwa ngexesha lwesakhiwo yaso yendalo kwaye iimpawu kuphela, ezifana sisondlo okanye nomgquba ndagqiba, kodwa lugubungela zonke iimpawu eziziimpawu kuyo. Ukuchuma izigaba lifezekiswa hayi kuphela kwimo nomphezulu lomhlaba, kodwa kuxhomekeke kubunzulu ngesakhiwo, nto leyo echaphazela utyani kunye nenkqubo iingcambu.

Ngenxa yoko, kuzalwa baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo iprofayile belizwe isahlulo kwezakhiwo ayo aphezulu nezihlambo kubukho aphantsi komhlaba, umgangatho ongaphantsi - udongwe okanye ezilulwalwa. Iziqalelo kwezalathisi ukuchuma komhlaba ziyakuquka iipropati emzimbeni, bemvelo nemichiza imihlaba kunye neentshukumo zazo zonyaka - ubungakanani ukusasazwa profile belizwe, isakhiwo kweemaleko zomhlaba, iipropati ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye namasebe zebhayoloji, ubushushu Ukutsalwa umthamo kunye nokufuma.

Ukuhlelwa umhlaba wezolimo ngokuxhomekeke isibonisi wenzala

Umhlaba yindlela ephambili imveliso kwezolimo, apho kuzalwa kusoloko mxholo lemini. Oku kugqiba ukuchuma komhlaba crop elizayo. Ukususela umgangatho umhlaba uhlale ixhomekeke ekupheleni result ecwangcisiweyo yemizamo lokuvuna.

imihlaba emikhulu yezolimo - c / x yezizathu ezibandakanya amathafa engca emadlelweni, iidiphozithi, izityalo ezikhula alinyiweyo.

Hayfields - iindawo ezisetyenziselwa hay-yokwenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ingca iintaka ukutya ukulima ebusika. Kuxhomekeka ukuchuma ezi zihlelwa kwi ngomkhukula - izityebi kakhulu uhlaza, obhudlayo, kunzima omanzi, ezele amatyholo, okanye kwizithili ehlathini, izele ngamatye kunye lutyhido zamntu ngcono net.

Amadlelo - iindawo ilizwe, eyenzelwe okwetyisa iinkomo mathuba ekukhuleni spring, ehlotyeni, ekwindla. Utyani emadlelweni na engenamafutha ngaphezu haymaking, ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto ezininzi bemnyathela zinkomo iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo. Nabo ke, azizahlulo obhudlayo kunye nemigxobhozo, belima ziphuculwe.

Iminyaka emininzi izityalo ezi amabhoma kunye namasimi berry, nezidiliya. Imali - into elingasetyenziswanga ngaphezu cropland konyaka imbewu.

Kwaye ke yokulima obaluleke kakhulu iintlobo ilinywa intsimi, esetyenziswa ngokudala okuziinkozo, umbona, ujongilanga, rape, buckwheat kunye nemifuno kokutyala izityalo. Kuxhomekeka isixa wenzala zendalo zomhlaba olimekayo ihlelwa onkcenkceshelwayo, amanzi, ngokwaneleyo lifumile, layitshabalalisa kwaye kwakugcwele ngamatye.

Ukuvavanywa lokuchuma komhlaba

Kuxhomekeka ukusetyenziswa ekujoliswe emasimini wenza nokuhlola amathuba iimpawu zabo inani elithile zeenkcubeko izityalo ezithile.

umhlaba wezolimo kunye intsalela endalo kwisityalo kubalulwa ngesalathisi kwamazinga aphezulu wenzala kunye nexabiso layo esezantsi. Ukuchuma wagqiba bekukubi ethile biomass lokwandisa kumhlaba ngenxa yokukhula integument kwimihlaba yoko unokukwenza wedwa okanye ezinye izityalo.

Isalathisi ephambili wenzala kwemveliso kwezolimo nemveliso yemihlaba olimekayo. Kwisiqwenga cadastre karhulumente, ukwabelana amabala wenzala umgangatho, ubethelela ukubaluleka isakhono isibonisi imveliso, ongayi kuba sizinze ukuba umhlaba kusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo okanye awunamatheli kujikelezo ethile lwezityalo ngaphandle siphelisa ukuchuma komhlaba, kodwa koko, kwandisa amathuba ngamathuba zabo ukuze izivuno eziphezulu.

Pochvoutomlenie yokulima

Too iingcali ezininzi umhlaba bakholelwa ukuba ukuchuma komhlaba kwandisa ngenxa iindlela zale mihla zenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa ukulima yayo. Noko ke, umkhuba ixesha elide, kwaye ibonisa isiphumo esahlukileyo, oko kuluphawu ukuhla yayo. Akusoloko cover komhlaba ukulima kukhokelela ekulondolozweni eseleyo endalo ipateni cover lomhlaba.

inkcubeko nganye ikhule kwi iyelenqe ethile somhlaba litshintsha ubume bendalo zengqo- umhlaba kwaye ikhetha kuyo a lot of izondlo. Ngenxa yoku, amanyathelo eyongezelelweyo ukubuyisela ukuchuma. Ngumphunga, ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, isiqulatho wamatye eliphantsi kunye nezondlo - sisiphumo komhlaba ukulima wobugcisa.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala ukulinywa komhlaba icebo luphawulwa ukuchuma aphezulu umhlaba, ngoko emva kweminyaka embalwa ukusebenza kwawo encediswa wokusingatha ngomatshini kukhokelela ekuncipheni ebalulekileyo yale index ngokuthi siphelisa nomphezulu komhlaba, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho amanyathelo agro-technical ezahlukeneyo ukubuyisela imali ngendalo ngumntu. Ukuba akukho manyathelo athathiweyo, umhlaba ulahlekelwa ukukwazi layo ukuvelisa izivuno eziphezulu kwaye le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba pochvoutomleniem.

izinto okuchuma

Ukusuka kungasentla kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba ukuchuma komhlaba olinywayo abachatshazelwa izinto ezithile, ebonisa ubudlelwane ezincinane zomhlaba kunye nezityalo.

Ezi ziquka ixabiso asidi, isiqulatho sodongwe, isiqulatho ityuwa kunye alkalis, isiqulatho ubushushu, amanzi ithambeka, iikhemikhali kunye zinetyhefu umhlaba eziphilayo, ukungabikho nomoya.

Ukuphelisa kunye nokunciphisa izinto eziphembelela ekulahlekeni lokuchuma komhlaba

Ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba azezi amanyathelo agro-technical ukuba ubuyisele intsalela yemvelo yeli lizwe kwaye ukunciphisa impembelelo ezi zinto zichazwe ngentla apha:

• nge asidi kwemfuneko eyenziwa ikalika imihlaba;
• xa excess ayinayo - kislotovanie, gypsum, ukwenza nezichumiso physiologically asidi;
• iityuwa nge agqithisile - komhlaba ngamanzi;
• ezinomthamo udongwe - zokulima enzulu, isicelo kwentlabathi;
• kwi lomhlaba ezixineneyo - ziba, ukulinywa ingca kunye lesakhiwo lomhlaba ukubunjwa;
• kunye nokungabikho izondlo - ukusetyenziswa izimbiwa kunye eziphilayo;
• e chemical kunye eziphilayo toxicosis - fallowing kunye agro-technical umhlaba wokusindisa.

isichumiso umhlaba zonyaka

Amaninzi ukwandisa ukuchuma le zokulima umhlaba ikhutshwa phandle isicelo izichumisi kwezimbiwa. Kuyinto ezi zinto zingumthombo zemichiza zezityalo kwezondlo elishiyiweyo.

Spring kokukhulelwa kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa nitrogen kunye phosphate nezichumiso. Ekwindla umhlaba ahlanganiswe nezakhi izichumiso organic - umgquba, umgquba, umgquba izityalo.

Ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba wezolimo

Ukwandisa ukuchuma komhlaba kuchaphazela kuphela ekukhulelweni entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa ukugcinwa esichanekileyo olinganise izichumisi, kuba ngokuswela ngaphezu add iphawulwa kukwehla kwemveliso lizwe.

isichumiso umhlaba uhlale kudityaniswe izalathi si zokunikwa crop, ukuphathwa ngoomatshini kunye nemisebenzi sokufuna.