Ubunzima otyhidiweyo, ephantsi kuqweqwe lomhlaba. isakhiwo Yomhlaba. Iimfihlelo neplanethi Earth

Xa amazwi iikulya Druzhinin, Umhlaba - umhlaba, nto leyo izaliswe abemi ezingaqhelekanga: abantu kunye nezilwanyana, nezidalwa ezahlukeneyo. kuwo wonke umhlaba, amazwekazi eqaqambileyo nice Beautiful. Nature sele wenze into emangalisayo kunye imilingo ubomi ngamnye kuthi. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukugcina kunye nokusingqongileyo zikhuselwe ebubini bonke.

Amazing njalo baphela

Umhlaba, mhlawumbi, kusekho enkulu kakhulu kwaye imfihlakalo engekasonjululwa kuthi sonke. Isifundo lwesakhiwo soMhlaba iselelona, nangona inkqubela zeteknoloji kuhlala inkqubo eziyingxaki. Nangona yokuba amanqaku amaninzi ehlabathini namhlanje baziwa, oko maqhezu kuphela ukuba ukufunda uluntu. Namhlanje siza uthethe yenza phezulu iplanethi yethu, yaye ezinye weemfihlakalo bayo kusenokwenzeka siye nto yabona ngaphandle. Namhlanje sifumanisa ukuba yintoni na ubunzima otyhidiweyo, ephantsi kuqweqwe lomhlaba, ukusuka apho iimaleko umhlaba lo, yaye yintoni neemfihlelo ayifihli kuthi.

Zeziphi esicwangciswe uMhlaba?

Izazinzulu Kudala kwaziwa ukuba Earth iqulathe ngeengcamba ezintathu eziphambili - a uqweqwe, imentile kunye core. Malunga 4.6 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, le ezithile ngokwezinga lwangaphakathi baqalisa oluqhubekeka unanamhla. Ngelo xesha xa yokuzahlula lugqityiwe, Umhlaba wethu abe ebandayo, umzimba ufile.

3 ezona zinto

kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. I thinnest umaleko womhlaba, Ebubanzini apho ziyahluka ukusuka km-5 ukuya 75. Lo maleko ntlanzi, ezingcakacileyo, nzima, nto leyo ibandakanya malunga 90 iziqalelo. Izazi ukwahlula uqweqwe elizwekazi yolwandle, ezahlukeneyo ngokomelela nokwakheka. Eqweqweni ibhekisela lithosfere.

Yokwaleka. Ukuluma kuqweqwe lomhlaba-ekuthiwa Moho (okanye Moho), nto leyo zibandakanya ukwanda elibukhali ngamaza wenyikima kubunzulu ethile. Ingaphandle aphantsi ingubo awugubungele engundoqo umhlaba. Kuthatha 83% yomhlaba kanye ukusondela kumafa ukuya awe eweni.

Okwangoku, isiphuku yahlulahlulwe eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Inxalenye maleko ayo aphezulu, ubunzima etyhidiweyo phantsi kwesikhoko 80 km, esebenzisa apho eziqinileyo kuwa phantsi embindini planethi. Nwebu lonke wementile ngu 600 km, kwaye ezantsi libekiwe ezingundoqo umhlaba - 2.900 km. I-nzulu lo yokwaleka, kungona iqondo layo kunye noxinzelelo.

Le ongundoqo engaphakathi umhlaba lo ngundoqo emhlabeni ogama ubukhulu imalunga 3500 km. kwithempritsha yayo kufika kumgomo we-4000.

Power Umbindi ingaphezulu embilwini. Umbilini ongaphandle na otyhidiweyo, lo gama i-elingaphakathi yenziwe eziqinileyo njengoko ndacinga ngaphambili, izazinzulu kwaye ubhale zezifundo. Nantso ukuba inxalenye eziprintiweyo ngumongo yakha mhlaba otsalayo planethi kwaye ikhusela umhlaba kwimitha emkhathini. Kwangaxeshanye, siyazi malunga ngumongo ayinamsebenzi - singakwazi siziphendule kuphela owaziyo.

Asthenosphere - ntoni na?

Asthenosphere i umaleko, ibekwe phantsi lithosfere, bakha uqweqwe. Ukuba lithosfere kuthiwa umaleko eziprintiweyo planethi, i asthenosphere - ubunzima otyhidiweyo, ephantsi kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Zeplastiki ngaphantsi ashinyeneyo, ukuba uyakwazi uwele umda Moho. Yeyona umthombo mlilo, ukungenisa nepokotho iziqina umhlaba ngamandlakazi okanye ukugalelwa ukuyotsho kumphezulu womhlaba. lobushushu wayo degrees 1200.

Mlilo - umthombo yokufa

Mlilo saa kuzo phantse lonke jikelele. Xa kuqhuma ukusebenza yayo ebulalayo kokusingqongileyo unalo Udaka mlilo (ukusuka Greek "elitshisiweyo"). Le mass otyhidiweyo, ephantsi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, okanye ngqo kulo. Ukunyuka ukuya kumphezulu Ukuguqulwa kolwelo daka, ajike abe igneous.

Yintoni magma?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, lolu daka unalo uhlobo silicate kwaye yonke lwezakhi kumafa yayo, kodwa kwenzeka ngokwendalo kunye ialakalin carbonate okanye emanzini inyibilika, ezahluke umthunzi ngesantya esiphezulu eshukumayo. Umzekelo, mlilo Afrika Ol Doinyo Lengai uye mlilo emnyama, ingqele uthathwa kakhulu ehlabathini.

Daka bayaphoswa iitanki komhlaba kuqweqwe ngenxa ukuhamba ziitectonic plates. Ukuzalisa ezi amatanki emhlabeni, akuyi ilingane kuzo yaye wakhupha. Oku kudla kwenzeka kwimijikelo, nto leyo inceda izazinzulu ukuqikelela ixesha ukujaduka entsha.

Ngamanye amaxesha lobushushu ngaphakathi kwigumbi daka unciphisa acacisa iziqina, afake. Kule izinto lula bayavuswa, ekukhuliseni i "lid 'lwegumbi phantsi komhlaba, nto leyo uyazifohloza ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kwezinye iimeko, umntu Udaka ebomvu-eshushu ugalelwe kwezinye izinto, le ombane kwakhona waphula inshorensi egumbini ... kusoloko isiphumo iyafana - ukujaduka mlilo.

Ubunzima otyhidiweyo, ephantsi kuqweqwe lomhlaba, i-dubulo kuthiwa mlilo. Enyanisweni, ukuba lolu daka efanayo, kuphela anqunyulwe ioksijini ngenxa ukukhululwa komhlaba.

Lo mhlaba lubizwa ...

Uluntu lijongene rhoqo kunye nezehlo ukujikelezisa emininzi imibuzo, iimpendulo echanekileyo apho thina abakhe siyazi. Ngokukhula inkqubela zeteknoloji kubonakala ukuba bazi ntoni ihlabathi lethu Kwanele, kodwa eneneni abayazi ngayo phantse nto thina. planets ukuze Iqhina nangoku ukuba ukukhathalela izazinzulu ...

iinkqubo ziitectonic plates. Izazi ngeke akwazi ukuphendula umbuzo, xa waqalisa inkqubo ziitectonic plates "motor". Iimpawu zokuqala kwalo msebenzi sele kudala bucinyiwe, kwaye ubuyisele model engenakwenzeka. zircons ezinqabileyo kuphela ukuxoxa malunga iintlobo zezityalo ezivela kwawo umhlaba yethu kwiminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 eyadlulayo. Hi ndlela leyi, iminyaka yethu yokwenene Umhlaba naye mfihlelo, yaye nangona izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba malunga 5 bhiliyoni iminyaka, ihlala kuphela hypothesis.

Olwandle Umhlaba. Malunga ne-95% ye ezinzulwini Ulwandle unexplored - nkqu nanamhlanje abantu bafumane izidalwa ezahlukeneyo ulwandle wahlamba elunxwemeni ukusuka kanye ezinzulwini amaza olwandle. Ezininzi eziphilayo zabo zithathwa icinyiwe, ezinye andazi. Kodwa ke umbuzo, apho bonke amanzi on Earth ihlala umbuzo evulekileyo. Eneneni, abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba umhlaba yokuqala yaba ezilulwalwa entlango. Uzizuze phi ngoko-70% ye-iplanethi ogqunywe amanzi?

Core. Ekuqaleni kwakucingwa ukuba ngumongo siquka izinto ekunzima ukuwuyeka, wavele, yentsimbi, njengokuba kwi lithosfere waphawula ukungabi nto. Ngokucacileyo, niwe phantsi iintsimbi kakhulu enzima, zithi iinzululwazi. Noko ke, ngo-1950 oko kwazeka ukuba ongundoqo enobunzima eliphantsi. Yintoni e kumbindi planethi? Ngexesha ukubhola, kolu qweqwe lomhlaba kubantu Russian bejamelene izidalwa zasemzini wabonakala phezu kwamanzi, namatye "live" uhambisa nokuncwina ababevela ezinzulwini. Isihogo okanye physics?

Iimfihlelo yomhlaba planethi - indalo. Kwilizwe lonke, kwilizwekazi ngalinye, kukho zizinto zendalo leyo ebadidayo iingqondo enkulu kwehlabathi, kwada kwaba ngoku. Ngoko ke, kukho Shaanxi Ingxangxasi, engaquki lome nkqu abafileyo ebusika kwiphondo Chinese. Kodwa ngexesha elinye yonke iminyaka engama-25, ehlotyeni, umphezulu waso wambu uqweqwe lomkhenkce. Xa Valley of Death kwi United States amakhulu amawaka eminyaka abantu ababukela wena uhambisa amatye kuvuleke nobukhulu kakhulu. Akwazi ukuba zifake kwividiyo kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo.

isiphelo

Oku zonke iimfihlelo Umhlaba emhlabeni, ukulungiselela nabo inqaku akwenzeki. Izazinzulu nzima iimpendulo kwimibuzo ezininzi. Ngaba Sinokumfumana na iimpendulo - ayaziwa.