Ubuchule ukuze encryption data. ubuchule encryption twatsa. RSA ukubethela algorithm. WeeNgcombolo ezintlantlu ukubethela algorithm. Khetha weeNgcombolo ezintlantlu

Ekwaluphaleni ubuntu bethu yekhompyutha uyala ukugcina ulwazi ngohlobo ngesandla okanye eziprintiweyo, wakhetha ukwenza amaxwebhu ngekhompyutha. Ukuba kokuba bebe iphepha okanye esikhumbeni, kodwa ngoku ukuqhekeza inkcazelo ngekhompyutha. Ngokwabo njengoko ubuchule ufihlo data ziye zaziwa ukusuka kudaladala. Iimpucuko ezininzi belikhetha ukuba yeekhowudi ulwazi lwabo ekhethekileyo, ukuze bakwazi ukufumana umntu kuphela onolwazi. Kodwa ke masikhe sibone indlela olubonisayo ihlabathi lethu.

Yintoni inkqubo weeNgcombolo ezintlantlu-ntathu?

Ukuqala ukuqonda ukuba amele inkqubo incazelo ngokubanzi. Lwaba ethetha, oku algorithm esikhethekileyo nokurekhodisha ulwazi, nto leyo yayiza kuba uqondakale kuphela kwisangqa oluthile lwabantu.

Ngale ndlela, yonke into ungowasemzini uzibona, (kulo mgaqo, oko) kubonakale iseti nantsingiselo zabalinganiswa. Funda ulandelelwano ungakwazi kuphela umntu owaziyo imithetho indawo yabo. Njengoko umzekelo elula kakhulu, uyakwazi ukubona weeNgcombolo ezintlantlu kunye upelo lwamagama, umzekelo, emva ngaphambili. Kakade ke, le yeyona nobu-, uyakwazi ukucinga. Isiphumo soku kukuba xa uyayazi imigaqo yokungena, buyisela okubhaliweyo yokuqala ayisebenzi.

Kutheni na oko?

Yintoni yonke ekuthe qatha kunye ayisiyiyo kudingeka ukuba achaze. Khangela, ngokuba sithini isixa ulwazi ephoswe impucuko yamandulo, ngoku kwi khowudi. Nokuba abantu bamandulo akazange afune ukuba ukufumanisa, nokuba oko kwenziwa konke, loo ndoda ingumnini wefowuni yakwazi uzisebenzise kuphela xa inqanaba ezinqwenelekayo lophuhliso - kodwa oku ndicinga kuphela.

Noko ke, xa sithetha ngayo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukhuseleko inkcazelo iye yaba yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu. Lithethe ityala ngokuba wena, ngokuba kukho amaxwebhu ezininzi yokugcina enye, ezinye oorhulumente abafuni ukuba isicelo, indlela yoyilo ezininzi eyimfihlo njengokuba ubuchwepheshe obutsha. konke oku Kodwa ke, ubukhulu becala, eyona njongo iphambili ebizwa ngokuba imigewu, ngengqiqo zakudala kwikota.

It qatha engqondweni ibinzana omnye kuphela ukuba sele imigaqo ezaziwa umsebenzi Natana Rotshilda: ". Ngubani na ongumnini ulwazi, engumnini ihlabathi" Kwaye loo nto ulwazi kuyimfuneko ukukhusela emehlweni prying, kangangokuba akazange asebenzise omnye umntu ngeenjongo yabo egwenxa.

Imbonakalo: indawo yokuqala

Ngoku, phambi kokuba kucingwe isakhiwo kanye na weeNgcombolo ezintlantlu, likude encinane ibe ibali, ngaloo mihla, xa inzululwazi isanda yayo.

Kukholelwa ukuba ubuchule ngokufihla data ngokubonakalayo waqalisa ukuba amawaka eminyaka ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. Ukuphakama wothulelw kwi Sumerians amandulo, uKumkani uSolomon kunye nababingeleli baseYiputa. kamva kuphela malini abalinganiswa efanayo neRunic kunye neempawu ezifana. Kodwa yintoni umdla: maxa wambi itekisi ufihlo algorithm (oko kukuthi, ukuba uhlelwe ngelo xesha) kukuba kwi enye amandulo abhalwe bamaSumeri umlinganiswa omnye kuthetha unobumba kuphela, kodwa nalo lonke igama, ingqiqo okanye isiphakamiso esithile. Ngenxa yale nokutolikwa kwale tekisi nkqu kunye neenkqubo mihla lokufihla uvumela ukubuyisela imbonakalo yokuqala kwayo nayiphi na itekisi, akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Ukuthetha ulwimi mihla, kuya kuba yinto ephambili, njengoko ngoku ngendlela, ubuchule twatsa encryption. Ukuba ahlale yedwa.

Ihlabathi mihla: iintlobo ubuchule ufihlo

Ngokubhekisele kukhuseleko lwe-data luyimfihlo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kufuneka kuhlala phezu imihla iikhompyutha ayaziwa eluntwini. Ukuba ukukhankanya indlela iphepha kangakanani yadluliselwa kweyezazi, okanye Templars efanayo, ukuzama ukufihla izicatshulwa okwenyaniso eyaziwa kubo ulwazi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukususela ekudalweni ingxaki wonxibelelwano mandundu kuphela.

Kwaye ngoko, mhlawumbi, isixhobo ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukuze kubizwa umatshini German cipher ngexesha yeHlabathi yesiBini ebizwa "Enigma", nto leyo kwisi IsiNgesi kuthetha "imfihlakalo." Kwakhona, oku umzekelo wendlela zisetyenziswa ubuchule twatsa lofihlo, undoqo yazo kukuba shifrovschik kunye cryptanalysts bazi isitshixo (algorithm), ekuqaleni isicelo ukufihla iinkcukacha.

Namhlanje, a cryptosystem eso sisetyenziselwa yonke indawo. Owona mzekelo omkhulu kuthathelwa ingqalelo, umzekelo, AES256 ufihlo algorithm, nto leyo elikwizinga lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwembono isigama computer, it ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise ubude engundoqo 256 ziintanda. Ngokubanzi, ubuchule ufihlo esetyenziswayo kakhulu ezahlukeneyo, wabahlula ngazo kungaba kalukhuni baziindidi ezimbini ezibanzi: twatsa kunye yezi zinto. Ba, kuxhomekeka kwindawo oya kuyo, ngoku esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kakhulu. Ukhetho encryption algorithm ixhomekeke imisebenzi kunye nendlela ingcaciso ukuchacha ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni. Kodwa yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo?

Twatsa kanye ubuchule yezi ufihlo: yintoni umahluko

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba uhlobo umahluko ebalulekileyo phakathi kweenkqubo ezinjalo kunye imimiselo esisekelwe phezu kwazo esekelwe isicelo yabo practice. Njengoko kucacile, ubuchule isakha kwakhona ezinxulumene iingqiqo zejometri macala kunye asymmetry. Oko kuthetha ngoku kwaye iza kucaciswa.

Twatsa encryption algorithm ezintlantlu, kuphuhliswa 1977, kuthetha ubukho isitshixo esinye eyaziwa okuthiwa ukuba amaqela amabini achaphazelekayo. kulula ukuyisebenzisa esazi isitshixo, yenzani zona ezo; ukufunda iseti engamampunge efanayo zabalinganiswa, yivusa, ngoko ukuthetha, ekwimo efundeka.

Yaye yintoni na ubuchule yezi ufihlo? Kukho izitshixo ezimbini ziyasetyenziswa, oko uku encoder ulwazi yokuqala usebenzisa omnye ukungafihli umxholo - enye, kwaye akukho mfuneko ukuba enye, okanye ngexesha yagqabhuka kwi ukhowudo zokucazulula amacala. Ngokuba elowo nalowo kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu nezitshixo ngaphandle angene esandleni wesithathu. Noko ke, ngokusekelwe kwi imeko yangoku, imigewu ezininzi bebe olu hlobo ingxaki ethile ningenaxhala. Enye into - ukufumana isitshixo kanye (malunga ethetha, a password), nto leyo efanelekileyo ukuba ufihlo lwe data. Kodwa zeenketho kukho ezininzi kangangokuba nkqu ikhompyutha kakhulu mihla iya ezinokuzisebenza amashumi eminyaka. Njengoko kuchaziwe, akukho kweenkqubo zekhompyutha ezikhoyo ehlabathini ukuba zizame ukufikelela kuye nakufumana nto ibizwa ngokuba 'wiretapping "ayikwazi akusayi kuba nako kwi eminyaka ezayo kunye.

Ubuchule kakhulu kakuhle owaziwayo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ufihlo

Kodwa emva ehlabathini computer. Yintoni senza ezingundoqo algorithms OpenPGP ukukhusela ulwazi eqongeni sangoku zophuhliso ikhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe mobile?

Kumazwe amaninzi, umgangatho de facto yi AES inkqubo incazelo esekelwe iqhosha bit-128. Noko ke, ngaxeshanye kunye nayo wambi kusetyenziswa algorithm encryption RSA, leyo nangona enxulumene ufihlo usebenzisa isitshixo sikawonke (yoluntu) kunjalo yenye kakhulu zithembeke. Oku, ngengozi, abangqine zonke iingcali ezikhokelela ekubeni inkqubo ngokwayo kuxhomekeke nje kuphela kwi-encryption data, kodwa ukulondoloza ingqibelelo ulwazi. Njengoko kuphuhliso yokuqala, apho elibhekisela i ezintlantlu ufihlo algorithm, oko kombiseke lixesha, kwaye uzama endaweni eziye kwaqala ngo-1997. ngoko ke kusekelwe phezu kwayo, a (Advanced) encryption ezintsha advanced AES standard (kuqala iqhosha bit-128, yaye emva koko - ngesitshixo bit-256).

encryption RSA

Ngoku ingqalelo ubugcisa RSA leyo inxulumene kwinkqubo yezi encryption. Masithi umntu ithumela enye ingcaciso kwi khowudi lo algorithm.

Ukuze yeekhowudi uthabathe inani ezimbini ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo X kunye Y, ke kubalwa Z yabo imveliso, ubizwa ngokuba umnqongo. Ngakumbi ezinye esindayo inani ekhethiweyo A, oyifaneleyo imeko: 1

Kwenzeka ntoni xa kwathunyelwa? Umthumeli yakha eyimfihlo, okhethwe F, kunye nomyalezo lokuqala M, kulandele exponentiation A phindo kunye Z: F = M ** A * (Z mod). Umamkeli umzekelo elula ukubala: M = F ** B * (Z mod). Lwaba ethetha, zonke ezi zenzo yancitshiswa kuphela ukuba ukwakhiwa kwamandla. Lo mgaqo usebenza ukhetho kunye nokudalwa usayino lwedijithali, kodwa ndinenxaki apha nzima ngakumbi. Ukuthintela ugcwalise umsebenzisi entloko algebra, izinto ezinjalo abayi kunikwa.

Yintoni ndithi, ukuba ukhangela elizayo, ngaphandle kokuba uyakwazi ukuwuqonda ngaphambili. Ukuba ujonga ihlabathi nkulungwane yethu, siyabona ukuba efanayo umlawuli waseRoma uGayo Yuliy Tsezar kwezinye kwimibhalo bakhe basebenzisa ubuchule twatsa encryption. Kaloku, ukuba ukhangela uLeonardo da Vinci, ngoko yonke into lunganga ngokwalo ukuqaphela into yokuba kwicandelo zokufihlakeleyoComment, umntu ubomi ogama wambu uhlobo umkhusane mfihlelo, usuke waba phambi modernity yayo kangangeenkulungwane.

De kube ngoku, abantu abaninzi musa aliphumze ebizwa ngokuba "Mona Lisa Ncuma," apho kukho into nomtsalane, ukuba umntu yanamhlanje ayikho nako ukuqonda. Kwenzeka ukuba, emfanekisweni ngokuphathelene abalinganiswa abathile (kwi iliso yokunxiba, njalo njalo. D.) Ngaba kutshanje kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba konke oku iqulethe ezinye ngqondi obubhalwe enkulu inkcazelo namhlanje, yeha, ukuba thina hayi. Kodwa Asizanga sive wakhankanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo ezinkulu-isikali, nto leyo bakwazi ukuguqula ingqondo nokwakheka ixesha.

Kakade ke, ezinye iingqondo nabavumayo kuphela yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, sele kunjalo esebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba "kwicandelo yegolide",, kwaye ayiniki isitshixo konke ivenkile enkulu yolwazi, nto leyo kukholelwa okanye asiqondi, okanye ezilahlekileyo ngonaphakade. Kuyabonakala ukuba, efihla ekusafuneka kwenziwe iqashiso elingu umsebenzi ukuze aqonde ukuba algorithms ufihlo mihla badla musa ukuya nayiphi sothelekiso ixesha yokusebenza yamandulo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba namhlanje kukho yamkelwe imigaqo yokhuseleko ulwazi ngokubanzi, abo ezazisetyenziswa kumaxesha amandulo, ngelishwa, thina ingafikeleleki ngokupheleleyo nentsonkothileyo.

Kwaye enye into. Kukho inkolelo ekungathethwayo ukuba uninzi imibhalo yamandulo angeke uguqulelwe kuba izitshixo ziqonde zikuzo emfihlekweni ngamehlo abomvu ngathi Freemasons, i Illuminati, njalo njalo. D. Nkqu Templars ashiye uphawu lwawo apha. Yintoni sithi ngoko usekho ilayibrari ingafikeleleki ngokupheleleyo eVatican? Musa ukugcina izinto eziphambili kumaxesha amandulo apho? Iingcali ezininzi nabavumayo olu guqulelo inkolelo yokuba Vatican ngabom Usinyamekela olu lwazi evela kuluntu. Njengalo okanye hayi, akukho mntu owaziyo. Kodwa inye into ngokuqinisekile - inkqubo ufihlo yamandulo akukho ndlela obuphantsi (kwaye mhlawumbi ngaphaya) ezo zisetyenziselwa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje computer.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Ekugqibeleni kufuneka athi ukuba kukho ziqwalaselwe, ayiyiyo yonke imiba iinkqubo yangoku lokufihla kunye nobuchule ukuba basebenzise. Inyaniso kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi kuya kufuneka ukukhokela iifomyula zemathematika ezintsonkothileyo izibalo langoku, apho uninzi lwabasebenzisi hamba nje spin entloko. Khawukhangele nje mzekelo nenkcazelo algorithm RSA, ukuze uqonde ukuba yonke into aya kukhangela okuninzi nzima ngakumbi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuqonda ukuqonda, ukuze ndithethe, xa intliziyo mba. Kulungile, ukuba uthethe na iinkqubo zale mihla, ukucela ukuba ukugcina ulwazi oluyimfihlo ngendlela ifikeleleka inani eliqingqiweyo abasebenzisi, kukho nandlela. Nangona kukho iinkqubo ezininzi lokufihla, i-RSA kunye ezintlantlu ubuchule efanayo baphelelwa ngokucacileyo AES nkcukacha. Noko ke, inkoliso izicelo mihla lwenzelwe ehlukene kakhulu phakathi kweenkqubo zokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa yi AES (ngokuxhomekeke ngokwemvelo isicelo kunye nesixhobo). Kodwa nantsi i "okungagunyaziswanga" ekudalweni nasekusungulweni kwale cryptosystem, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, abaninzi, ingakumbi Abaseki bayo, woma. Kodwa yonke, ngokusekelwe yokuba kukho namhlanje, abasebenzisi abaninzi akuyi kuba nzima ukuqonda ukuba yintoni inkqubo data encryption incazelo, kutheni zifuneka kwaye zisebenza njani.