Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Lomonosova Mihaila Vasilevicha

Ixesha yenkulungwane XVIII saphenjelelwa classicism. Eli gama ezaziqondwa izenzo zentlalo nenkcubeko elite eRoma yamandulo, apho ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba abanazo ingqalelo ogqibeleleyo yaye efune oko. Kudla oosinga kuthathelwe kudala rationalism ingqondo yemveli. Le isimbo, kunye iinjongo zayo yoluntu, ekucingwa esekelwe kwinkolo xa ithuba udale i neNgonyama ofanelekileyo, akukho mathandabuzo, nempembelelo umsebenzi echaza Lomonosov.

Kodwa abaphandi ukuba abanelisekanga kuphela imbono ingqondo leyinene.

Amanqaku umsebenzi MV Lomonosov

University ubuchule uncwadi iye ngqo kuphuhliso izithethe zesizwe Russian. Akazange wabeka usukelo ukubonisa ubunyani ezingqongileyo. Kwiincwadi zakhe wakhalisa isibhengezo iinyaniso ezinkulu umbono elizayo.

Yena akazange aneliseke kunye nenkqubo umnini ngoku, kodwa imisebenzi bevuthela neqhayiya uloyiso kunye ubungangamsha sokumiswa Russian, esekwe ngexesha kaPetros.

ubomi kwimibongo umsebenzi M. V. Lomonosova

Ode uncwadi classical ifumene uphuhliso ekhethekileyo. Olu hlobo imisebenzi uxanduva ngexesha apho injongo jikelele lenyuka ngaphezu zobuqu. Inzala na imbongi wabonakala xa iimvakalelo zakhe zibonisa iziganeko karhulumente kunye yesizwe kwinqanaba le.

ode

University Ubuchule nje kwenzeka wabonakaliswa bacule yokubhala. Olu hlobo iyavumelana ngakumbi ngesisombululo iingxaki engxamisekileyo, njengoko kule misebenzi, umbhali akwazi ukuthetha ngohlobo lwemibongo kwi miba ibalulekileyo.
Ukongeza, lo ode ngelo xesha yaba ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo, yaye wayalela ukuba misitho karhulumente. Nikela abantu abathile yasebukhosini zabo, Lomonosov waya phesheya yenkundla esesikweni-umda, kujongwe isibheno sakhe kwimiba ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Xa ode kwi uKumkanikazi Elizabeth, Lomonosov ucula oko njengomlondolozi uxolo sikarhulumente. Ukususela ekuqalekeni kobukumkani bakhe yaphela imfazwe kunye Sweden.

ode ozothileyo imbongi zahluke imizwa kunye yobuhlakani. Ingakumbi libaluleke kakhulu ayithabathele nokuchaneka ixesha kunye neziganeko zembali. Lyric iyelenqe ode malunga nokuthatha Khotina Epic iquka nobuninzi lweziqalelo. Inxalenye iphambili komsebenzi imfazwe kunye iingcinga ezinxulumene wembongi. Ingakumbi kwaqaqambisa imiboniso ephambili edabini apho abaphumeleleyo "iinkozi Russian." Bomntu yakhe kwimpumelelo umbhali ufumana amagama ilungelo ukusebenza iimvakalelo wokuthand ngayo abafundi.

Imibongo Lomonosov, ngamafutshane, wayengekho omkhulu ingakumbi kunye ezibalaseleyo. Kodwa indalo yakhe inkqubo entsha versification ayikwazi nemikhuba.

Imfuno utshintsho of versification Russian

ERashiya, oko kudala ingxaki versification. Ukususela ngenkulungwane XVI yayisetyenziswa naphi mgaqo syllabic leyo ayifuni ukuthatha ingqalelo awohluke zolwimi Russian. Ezipheleleyo ebizwa iindinyana emele i couplet kwii isingqisho. Virsheviki abhalwe ngolwimi Slavonic, nto leyo wadala zahlukane intsomi imibongo.

Omnye umgaqo - tonic, zifaneleke ngakumbi Latin kunye nolwimi isiGrike, apho kwakungekho didi xi amandla. Isisekelo sayo le alternation lwezandi elide ezimfutshane kunye.

Imithetho-siseko ye versification Trediakovsky

Guqula ivesi Russian waqala Trediakovskii. Wafumanisa ukuba apha yeyona ilungileyo tonic siseko, ngokusekelwe alternation samalunga abaxinezeleke unstressed. Ke, akusondela kakhulu ingqiqo iyunithi entsha enesingqi - ngonyawo, kuqulethe yindibanisela ezingaphezu kandziyise unstressed. Ukudibanisa imigaqo wokuqinisa kunye syllabic versification eDibanisa okuninzi, Trediakovskii ayikwazanga ayiphumanga ngokupheleleyo izithethe syllabic Russian. Yena kuphela ezintsha zakhe ivesi elide kwaye ekhethiweyo kuphela chorea isingqisho kuye. Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba novulindlela syllabic-tonic vesi, Trediakovskii wenza enye kuphela ngohlobo lwayo.

Ukudala inkqubo Lomonosov enkondlo

Ekugqibeleni University Ubuchule ukuba ukuphuhlisa isigaba esilandelayo eyimfuneko sohlaziyo yemibongo Russian, ucinga Accentology isiseko yesihobe, apho kukho isifaniso phakathi yokothuka-yokothuka-free kunye nobude-nabubufutshane. Le ukufana ne ithiyori Trediakovsky isiphelo, yaye yaqalisa ingqiqo lwegama-amabini nesingxi ezintathu-, kwaye kukho imfuneko iindidi ezahlukeneyo rhyme. Lomonosov uza ingcamango ukunciphisa ubungakanani vesi. Xa kuthelekiswa uhlobo olunye vesi, oko kudala inkqubo yonke.

Lomonosov isihobe wazibonakalisa uthando lwakhe iambic, nto leyo ihambelana kakhulu kunye eliphezulu uhlobo lo ode. Wayekholelwa ukuba iambic landisa ubuhle kunye ukuhlonipheka umsebenzi.

Umwana umgaqo entsha versification

Isiphumo sele ngokuthe liphumeze zohlaziyo versification abaseke indlela syllabic-tonic kwisihobe Russian, apho nangoku usekelwe. Pioneer apha uthathwa Trediakovskii leyo unike isiseko sethiyori kunye namava lokuqala umgaqo omtsha.

Ubuchule M. V. Lomonosova kweli cala lwalujoliswe kuphuhliso yayo, ulawulo kunye nokusasazwa isiko yonke zemibongo. Imbongi sikhetha tetrameter iambic abaphuhlise ngayo bacule zakhe. Ngokutsho uMikhail Vasilyevich, kubalulekile kakhulu ezifanelekileyo wabanumzana, umgangatho ophezulu we uhlobo zemibongo. Clematis amabango ngokulandelana yaye ubonakalisa yokuba syllabo- tonic, njengoko lwimi olufanelekileyo Russian. iziseko zawo zazibonakala kwisihobe Pushkin.

University ubuchule nokubhala

Ukuqala kwenkulungwane XVIII eRashiya waphawulwa ngenye indlela zamaxesha aphakathi yobomi, ngelixa eYurophu kwakukho utshintshwano zobugcisa kunye lwenzululwazi olululo, kwakunye njengoko iqulunqwe inkcubeko kunye nemfundo.

Ubuchule University uncwadi babonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ekudalweni uhlobo olutsha zemibongo. Kwakhona fanele kwithiyori kulwimi noncwadi, ezibekwe igrama yokuqala Russian engathi. Emva koko esilawulwa senkulungwane yaye yaqhubeka imisebenzi A. S. Pushkina.

umsebenzi Creative University ijoliswe ekudalweni iincwadi Russian. Iincwadi epapashwe ebandleni engundoqo, yaye amazwi ezininzi iilwimi zamaGrike kunye namanye, uninzi ababengengabo icace kumfundi. Theory of amagama Russian ukwakha imfundiso esekelwe Church Slavonic kunye nolwimi lweenkobe, elibhekisela intetho eMoscow. Amagama zihlukaniswe 3 ezolile:

• ngalo;
• ncwadi, ngaphandle ingaqhelekanga;
• folksy.

Eyokuqala luthoba (phezulu) sayilelwa ukuba babhale bacule kunye nemibongo; EsiPhakathi wakhonza ngenxa iprozi, elegies, satires, iileta eziqhelekileyo kwindinyana; ephantsi - zengqokelela iingoma, epigrams, kunye zikwenza kubonakale ngathi zokubhala ushishino njengesiqhelo. Kule mbono banezimbo kwixesha elizayo yabamba ulwimi zoncwadi lwekhulu XVIII.

Njengoko ngokuthanda uhlanga sekuhleni, Lomonosov negalelo ngamandla kuphuhliso wokukhanya Russian. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu kule nkalo kukudala yunivesithi lokuqala Russian.

Lomonosov uyilo zoncwadi ngokusondeleyo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi yesayensi. Ivesi Russian yimbongi ulwimi kakuhle ngaphezu bexesha lakhe. Ukuguqulela imisebenzi yezenzululwazi kwezinye iilwimi, ngoko nangoko wadala isigama esitsha.

Ngobomi kunye nomsebenzi Lomonosov emfutshane kunye nentsingiselo S. I. Vavilov wathi umntu omnye zadityaniswa izinto zenzululwazi, ubugcisa kunye nembali kunye notyekelo. Noko ke, abazange sibonakalise phantsi kwempembelelo yengcinezelo evela ngaphandle, kodwa iimfuno zasekhaya. UMikhail ngokwakhe wakhuthaza abantu ukuba bancome intsingiselo yalo, kwaye basebenzise iingqondo zabo.

Imfuneko ukwenza amaziko amatsha ukuba eRashiya

Amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo ekuqaleni kwe laseRashiya kwinkulungwane XVIII unokuthenjwa ngeminwe. Imfundo abantu ngokwaneleyo izangqa ephezulu, kunye nabantu iklasi asezantsi bafunde kuphela ukufunda nokubhala. Kwimeko Lomonosov ka-unique, yaye kuphela udibaniso kakuhle iimeko, italente yakhe nokuzingisa ziye bavunyelwe ukuba sifikelele kumaqondo kwezenzululwazi.

izikolo ezikhoyo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kobo bukhosi. Kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo kwi ziingcali zasekhaya State University ezivunywa le wabanumzana, kwakufuneka le evulekileyo.

Ukudalwa the University Moscow

Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Lomonosov zaye ikakhulu kugxininisa kuphuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nemfundo kweli kwilizwe. Ngowe-1753 waba uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo eyunivesithi yokuqala wesizwe eMoscow, yaye emva kweminyaka 2 ukuyivula kunye namanenekazi igumbi lokulala uKumkanikazi Elizabeth I. I. Shuvalovym. Yaba kwiziko lemfundo kuqala ephakamileyo eRashiya apho ngabe naziphi na abantu abatsha bayakwazi, kungakhathaliseki eklasini. Nangona yokuba St. Petersburg waye Academy of Sciences, academicians basemzini ezigcinwe apho indawo yayo ekhethekileyo yaye akazange avunyelwe ukuba ukuphuhlisa italente zasekhaya.

UMikhail ayifundiswa kwiYunivesithi Moscow, ngokuba lonke ubomi kunye nomsebenzi University kwenzeka eSt Petersburg.

Kodwa wabanceda ngamandla ukuphuhlisa inzululwazi Russian ngokwemiqathango inxaxheba leengcali zasekuhlaleni. Emva kweminyaka embalwa kuyo yonke into anayo izifundo zaba uprofesa Russian.

Ingakumbi bazibalula ekuqeqesheni abafundi bafumana liqhawe. eziphuhliswe University, ekusombululeni iingxaki yenzululwazi kunye nemfundo. Waba kwelinye lamaziko inkcubeko yehlabathi.

isiphelo

Ubomi Umsebenzi University ngokufutshane ukuchaza nzima. umsebenzi wayo esibonakaliswa zonke kwiinkalo yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko kwinkulungwane XVIII. Wayesoloko ixesha, eqalisa elitsha, enomtsalane kunye phambili. Le nsimbi iimfanelo zakhe nemisebenzi ezinokuthelekiswa kuthelekiswa kuphela uLeonardo da Vinci.

Ubuchule uMikhail Lomonosov kunye nomsebenzi okunenjongo ISAZINZULU nvulo kuphuhliso Russia ukurhoxiswa wayo ukusuka zamaXesha Aphakathi. Ukwazile uphuhliso efunekayo yenzululwazi kunye nemfundo, nto leyo ethintela kamva waba nzima ngenxa ukubandakanyeka kwabantu bonke iiklasi.

Ngokubaluleka kunye negalelo ekwakhiweni Lezwe wakhe ngebande elinye kunye namanani ebalaseleyo kweli lizwe kwimbali yophuhliso lwayo.