Thrombocytopenia Abantwana: Ibangela, Iimpawu, diagnosis, Treatment

kids ezininzi kakhulu mva nje ubunzima izigulo ezinzulu, nto leyo edla kuchaphazela kakubi kuphuhliso lwabo. Nje embalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, bambalwa abantu beva esi sifo, thrombocytopenia, kwaye ngoku ngakumbi yaye ngokufuthi ngaphezulu ibonakele kubelekwa. Kodwa yintoni eyenza thrombocytopenia ebantwaneni yaye elikhuthaza uphuhliso yayo kwaye oko kubonakala njani ngokwawo?

Thrombocytopenia Yintoni na le zokugula?

Thrombocytopenia - oku sisifo engaqhelekanga kwaye angaziwayo ngazo nje iimpawu lidiza zezinye kakhulu kwaye iyingozi zokugula kwabantu (umhlaza, i-HIV) okanye isifo elizimeleyo. Ukongeza, esi sifo ubonakala ngohlobo kukwalisa naluphi na uhlobo kweziyobisi. Kwakhona, le sifo kuchaphazela abantu kakubi utywala, okanye ukufumana idosi elikhulu radiation. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, sinokugqiba kwelokuba thrombocytopenia ebantwaneni kunye abadala ezinokubangelwa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, yaye kuphela ugqirha onamava kwaye mihla iindlela zokufumanisa isifo ukuba bazi ukuba yintoni eyenza imbonakalo yakhe.

Thrombocytopenia ebuntwaneni - yinto ngezifo, ngexesha apho zegazi yancitshiswa ukubala, yaye, bona, banoxanduva ekunqandeni igazi. Zegazi - zegazi na loo nto kukwaphula ingqibelelo phezu isitya rush ukuya kwisiza sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kunye inxeba luvaliwe, ukuyeka ukopha.

Yintoni ekwenyukeni ukubonakala thrombocytopenia ebantwaneni?

Kaninzi thrombocytopenia ebantwaneni onesiphene awazalwa enaso, umzekelo, njengenxalenye syndromes Bernard - Soulier, Viskota - Aldrich syndrome, Fanconi kunye nabanye. Kananjalo ebuntwaneni esi sifo kungabangela umsebenzi ngcono le udakada - hypersplenism. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba lo umzimba apho iiseli igazi, wachitha ixesha lakhe, ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Ukuncipha zegazi count kunokubonisa ukuba umntu somhlaza igazi. Xa hematopoietic lomongo wethambo kuphela ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkqubo ngaxeshanye isigulana amacandelo igazi elibi kunye nezinye.

ngezigaba thrombocytopenia

Isifo yahlulwe iifom ezimbini:

• Primary - kuhambisana kuphela ukubonakala thrombotic syndrome, ngeli xa amanye amalungu angaphakathi sifo bengekho. Thrombocytopenia purpura, idiopathic kunye hemolytic uremic syndrome - ukuba iifom zaseprayimari ngezifo.
• Secondary libonakaliswa njenge iingxaki le ngezifo ingxaki, ezifana ne-HIV, ukuqina isibindi okanye wegazi.

Kuxhomekeka ekubeni icandelo omzimba oonobangela thrombocytopenia okanye iziko iifom ezimbini ngaphezulu langoku:

• thrombocytopenia Immune - ivela ekutshatyalalisweni ngokukhawuleza zegazi phantsi kwempembelelo omzimba. Kule meko, amajoni omzimba womntu elingalihloneliyo zegazi ikuthatha kwabo nomzimba angaphandle kwaye ukhupha izilwa nxamnye nabo ukuba uvimba kuzo, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa kunye nemeko kunzima kangaka isigulane.
• uhlobo Nonimmune basenokuba xa kuthe umonakalo ukuya zegazi, oko kaninzi kwenzeka ngexesha ejikeleza extracorporeal, okanye isifo Marchiafava - Micheli.

Amaninzi ke thrombocytopenia omzimba kubonakala abantwana, ulwahlule ibe ngamaqela eziliqela.

Amaqela thrombocytopenia omzimba

Ingaba 4 amaqela eziphambili thrombocytopenia omzimba:

1. Isoimmune - luhlobo apho zegazi iginya ukungavumelani kwe omnye iinkqubo lwegazi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngenxa kumamkeli igazi kunye zegazi angaphandle phambi antibodies okanye kwii-antibodies usana nge esibelekweni sikanina.
2. Transimmunnaya - kwenzeka xa autoantibodies unina, onesifo ifomu samathambo, uwele ngumkhaya kwaye emva kokuzalwa nangoko wabonakalisa thrombocytopenia in neonates.
3. Geteroimmunnaya - eli qela lu dityanisiwe ukusilela kulwakhiwo antigenic ye zegazi, leyo ziphenjelelwa intsholongwane okanye ukuvela uhlobo olutsha lomzimba.
4. Komzimba - iqela apho izilwa bagqibileyo nxamnye kukabani uhlobo ngayo lomzimba unmodified.

Kodwa yintoni kuphakamisa imbonakalo sifo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhokelela kuyo, ngaphandle kokuba into ilifa?

Izinto ezibangela thrombocytopenia

Kaninzi thrombocytopenia yabantwana kuxhokonxwa izinto ezifana:

• mali olunganelanga leziqalelo mkhondo emzimbeni.
• Ukunxila.
• An uxabane ukuya iimveliso ezivela ngaphandle.
• inkqubo komzimba emzimbeni.
• Enye ngezifo rhoqo yi-HIV, ukuqina okanye wegazi.

Kodwa kuphela sifo kunye nemiphumela yeemeko zangaphandle ezinokubangela izifo, lingakwazi bamqumbise imithi ukuba sele yabelwe isigulane.

Ziziphi amayeza zingabangela uphuhliso thrombocytopenia?

Njengokuba amava lubonise, yaye izazinzulu zophando ezininzi, ngokufuthi thrombocytopenia kwiintsana ivela njenge ngenxa amayeza ezilandelayo amaqela:

• Antibiotics badla "Chloramphenicol" okanye sulfonamides.
• Womchamo - "Furosemide" okanye "Hydrochlorothiazide".
• Anticonvulsant "Phenobarbital".
• Antipsychotics - "prochlorperazine" okanye "meprobamate."
• amachiza Antithyroid - "Tiamazol".
• Iziyobisi nxamnye diabetes - "glibenclamide" yaye "Glipizide".
• amachiza Anti-ukudumba - "Indomethacin".

Kodwa yintoni na iimpawu asenokubonisa ukuba ogulayo thrombocytopenia?

symptomatology kwesifo

Abonakala yonke isigulane abe ezahlukeneyo thrombocytopenia, unobangela nonyango, ngoko ke ngabanye, kodwa kaninzi ngaphezu abantu abaninzi iimpawu ezifana kakhulu:

• Hemorrhages eluswini, inwebu yangaphakathi. Ebonakalisa ngokohlobo amabala abomvu ubukhulu encinane. Ziyabonakala ngokuthe ngokukodwa kwezo ndawo apho impahla likhuhla kakuhle umzimba. Ezi amabala musani ukuba buhlungu okanye waziva, musa ezivelileyo ngaphezu komhlaba esikhumbeni okanye ngenwebu yangaphakathi. Ngaba mhlawumbi ibe point ugqume iindawo ezinkulu. Ungafumana kananjalo kunye nombala evikivekileyo ebomvu, eluhlaza okanye ezibuhlazarha-omthubi.
• nokopha rhoqo. Ngeempumlo isifo ngokuyintabalala ngegazi, kwaye inani elikhulu ngcanjana akhoyo kulo. Ngenxa ekunciphiseni ukubunjwa zegazi landa capillary ubu, ngoko nayiphi uthimla, iingozi ezincinane okanye umkhuhlane ukuze bandiqumbise ukopha nobuhlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu eli-10.

• Nokopha. Abantu abaninzi ngexesha ukuxukuxa amazinyo akho kubonakala ukopha encinane, kodwa izigulane ababesifa, le uphawu libizwa kakhulu kwiindawo eziphuhlisiweyo ngakumbi iintsini kwaye sihlala elide ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukopha esiswini kunye amathumbu. Baya kuvela ngenxa ubu imithambo yegazi, yaye nokuba ziwavusele ekufumaneni ukutya okuqinileyo. Ngenxa yoko, igazi unako ukuza kuphuma endleni.
• Igazi umchamo. Le uphawu kubonakala kuba oko ukopha isifo lwesinye kunye neziphumo womchamo.
• ixesha inala elide namantombazana. Xa ubude eqhelekileyo sexesheni iintsuku 3-5, kwaye ngenyanga ukuze thrombocytopenia ungatsala amaxesha amabini okanye amathathu nangaphezulu, ngaphandle ukopha enzima.
• ukopha Long emva izinyo. KwiNtetho yayo yesiqhelo emva kwemizuzu engama-20, ime, kwaye ukuba isigulane kwafunyanwa thrombocytopenia, zinokuhlala ixesha elide, kwaye bonke ngenxa yesibakala sokuba zegazi emzimbeni lincinane, kwaye abakwazi ukumelana msebenzi ngokukhawuleza.

Musa ukulibala ukuba kunokuba oonobangela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu thrombocytopenia. Kunye nonyango ngalinye elikhethiweyo ngamnye. Isifo kunokwenzeka kunye nezimpawu uphawu esi sifo, emqumbisa. Ngexesha loxilongo yabo kufuneka ingqalelo.

iindlela zokuxilonga

Ukuba ugqirha wabona ogulayo iimpawu uphawu esi sifo, into yokuqala imisela ICBC, ngawo wazi umgangatho zegazi egazini. Nikelani ingqalelo inani lwezibonisi elinye iqumrhu - iiseli ezibomvu zegazi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Yiloo nto ke kwinkcazelo zegazi lwamajoni yeyona ndlela iphambili loxilongo kwezifo ezifana kwegazi, abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka ubudala nangaphezulu.

Okwangoku, bonke abantu abane-HIV bayacetyiswa ukuba ukunikela rhoqo wegazi. Oogqirha Siyaleza ekuhlolweni qho emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, athabathe ngakumbi yaye ngaphandle ngakumbi ukusuka uvavanyo ngokubanzi; phezu iwonga omzimba kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini.

Kukho 5 imibandela ephambili ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa uxilongo zezi:

• Ukunqongophala naziphi iimpawu kule yabantwana yasekuqaleni.
• Ukungabikho iimpawu iintlobo ilifa thrombocytopenia.
• Xa izihlobo nazimpawu.
• glucocorticosteroid ukusebenza kwiintlobo ezithile lwendlela zonyango.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuchonga antibodies zegazi.

Kodwa ukuba sibaphathe njani thrombocytopenia ebantwaneni, yintoni iindlela ezisebenzayo? amayeza emveli kunokuba mibuthoinganceda uxilongo, kwaye andibi kunjalo?

iindlela zonyango thrombocytopenia

unyango nomonde thrombocytopenia ixhomekeke ngqo koko izizathu ziye zakhokelela kule ngezifo. Kuphela uphethwe echanekileyo ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe amayeza ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Namhlanje, oogqirha basebenzisa ezininzi iinketho zonyango:

• Imithi.
• Surgery.
• iindlela Treatment yesintu.

Kwezinye iimeko kunyanga Akukho mfuneko sifo, uya kude. Umzekelo, thrombocytopenia zasesekondari, onomoya abantwana kunye nokuncipha okungephi zegazi libalulekile. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho ukugunyazisa isigulane kuphela vitamin ezimbaxa kunye namalungiselelo ekomelezeni jikelele umzimba.

Ke bona abafazi abakhulelweyo, ngubani ukufumana esi sifo, ngoko ke esi sifo kufuneka ibe inkxalabo kakhulu. Abafazi laqanduselwa baby, ngokufuthi ubunzima ngenxa yokuba beye kunciphise kakhulu amanqanaba zegazi egazini. Emva kokubeleka, yaye ezinye, kwaye ngexa lokukhulelwa, inqanaba ezi seli zibuyele esiqhelweni ngaphandle naluphi na unyango. Kubhekwa thrombocytopenia kakhulu yingozi omzimba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba aphathe kakuhle.

Unyango lwe thrombocytopenia omzimba

uhlobo omzimba esi sifo kuqwalaselwa omnye kakhulu kakhulu, ukongeza, yena nayo eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Liphuhlisa ngezifo kwisiqalo kwenkqubo omzimba buthathaka kubangelwa kukuba umntwana uyagula kunye nomkhuhlane, SARS okanye izigulane ezine-HIV. Ukongeza, ityala le ndlela sifo libe ulawulo okungalawulekilyo nogqirha iziyobisi.

Ngaphandle ifomu komzimba omzimba eziqhelekileyo, nayo leyo kuvela ukungaphumeleli kwamajoni omzimba. Ukunyanga esi sifo, amaxesha amaninzi isincomo ukuthatha amachiza immunosuppressive. Kwakhona, ugqirha ukubekwa iziyobisi glucocorticosteroid, kuba sibamba ngazibini kubo ukuba zegazi count inyuswe.

Kwiimeko apho thrombocytopenia kwabangelwa yintsholongwane okanye zokugula kwindawo yokuqala ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa ukuncipha count zegazi. Mhlawumbi, emva konyango, bonke ubuyela eqhelekileyo.

ukukhathalelwa komntwana ngamnye, HIV-kwizigulane. Ngoko ke kufuneka nje abazali esweni ngenyameko impilo yabo ukulandela ngokungqongqo iingcebiso ugqirha.

Kwezinye iimeko, unyango thrombocytopenia bacebisa utyando, ezizezi ukususwa udakada. Kodwa le ndlela babhenela kuphela kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo, ukuba isigulana umntu ingozi ukopha. Njengoko kubonisiwe, uninzi lwabantwana emva kotyando, ukuba ndakuthabatha iziphumo ezisemagqabini.

Kodwa hayi amayeza emveli kuphela kunceda kwi unyango ukuze babe iindlela ezisebenzayo nezaziwayo.

iindlela zeMveli kunyango thrombocytopenia

Unyango lwe thrombocytopenia ebantwaneni kunye kumayeza intsomi unika iziphumo ezigqwesileyo, ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo ioli sesame. UMthetho umgangatho zegazi egazini. Kuthatha nje ukutya ngokuphindwe 10 grams ukuya kwezintathu ngemini.

Ukwanceda ukumnika verbena. ukuba iphekwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 5 g verbena ebilisiweyo amanzi, lusongelwe ngetawuli aze avunyelwe ukuba nokufaka imizuzu engama-30. Yithathe phakathi kwinyanga enye iglasi ngosuku iinxalenye ezincinane.

Musa ukulibala malunga amanyathelo othintelo ukunceda bazikhusele thrombocytopenia.

ukuvimbela

Abo bantwana benu nina sele begula okanye bathanda kugula, kufuneka athobele imiqathango othintelo:

• Ziphephe naziphi na nemeko ezikhokelela ekonzakaleni.
• Abazali kufuneka ukunyenyisa nokutya kwabantwana.
• Musa ukuthatha "aspirin" kunye nezinye iziyobisi ngoweqela of non-steroidal amachiza-ukudumba.

Abazali kufuneka esweni ngenyameko abantwana babo badla, yintoni amayeza ukumisela kugqirha. Kwiziko lezempilo nkqu kunye nomkhuhlane ugqirha okunyangayo kufuneka bazazi uxilongo ekhoyo.

isiphelo

UPawulos, kufuneka kunokuthiwa kuphela ukugcina rhoqo zonke iingcebiso ugqirha, onke amachiza kunye amanyathelo othintelo kuya kunceda umntwana thrombocytopenia uzive wonwabile kwaye musa bazijonge ngquzulana. Abazali babantwana kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi ukuze abantwana babo rhoqo babakhokele ukwenzela ukuba iimviwo ngugqirha. Enyanisweni, xa ilizwe lethu eninzi enjalo kwizigulane abaselula, kodwa siphila ubomi ngokupheleleyo, yaye esi sifo ungababandezeli.