Thina imbewu abe ingqondo?

imbewu kwisityalo ungasebenzisa "ubuchopho" zincinane ukubanceda isigqibo ihlume okanye bahlale kwimo yokungasebenzi. Oku kungqinwa isifundo zesayensi ezintsha.

Ezi mbewu "ingqondo" akanaye mba gray zemveli umntu, kodwa ukwenza ulwazi isebenzisa indlela efanayo ngawo umsebenzi ikhweyitha wethu. Izityalo ukuxubana ukutolika imiyalezo evela iihomoni, ukuba isigqibo xa beqalisa ukuba kuhlume.

Izityalo bafana nabantu

"Izityalo zifana abantu ngengqiqo yokuba kufuneka bacinge ze benze izigqibo, kanye njengoko thina," - wathi uphando-umbhali Dzhordzh Bassel, eziphilayo kwiYunivesithi lakwaXhosa eNgilani. Ngokutsho Bassel, abantu benze izigqibo usebenzisa iqela elincinane iiseli ezikhethekileyo e-nervous system, ibekwe ebuchotsheni.

"Kanye njengokuba umntu elele ngaphakathi imbewu kukho inani elincinane kakhulu iiseli izigqibo ezithile. Ezi seli ezifanayo iiseli ze-nervous system, "- wathi Bassel lowu Science Live.

Ngokutsho sisazinzulu, abaphandi ukuze ngenye imini asebenzise ezi zimvo ukuphuhlisa imbewu isiqhuma ngexesha elifanayo ngalinye lonyaka, kwakunye nokubonelela ukhuselo okukhulu nxamnye ukutshintsha iimeko zemozulu.

Food engqondo

Ingcamango yokuba izityalo va, ukuva okanye ubone kwihlabathi lwezenzululwazi neze entsha. Abaphandi baye babonisa ukuba izithole intshula phantsi izandi rhoqo ethile okanye nokukhawulezisa ukukhula kwabo, kufutshane kwezinye iintlobo ezikhuphisanayo nini. Kwaye, ngokutsho isifundo kuqhutywa ngo-2007 (oko echazwe kulindixesha Oecologia), izityalo ukunxibelelana nabanye xa usengozini.

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho sebhayoloji Bassel, ingcamango "okucinga" zezityalo ayikho kude iyintsomi njengoko kubonakala ngathi efika kuqala. Enye ngeziganeko ukuba processing oluchanileyo ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo lubalulekile nokusinda kwisityalo, na ixesha ukuntshula kwembewu.

Indima kwembewu

Imbewu kwenza kuphela indlela apho isityalo Ungasa amabanga ukusuka kwindawo engafanelekanga ukuze ukhuseleke nje efanelekileyo. Bayakwazi bahambe kude kokuba zityiwe zizilwanyana, okanye olwenziwe ngumoya. Ngokwekhalenda Bassel, ngale ndlela isityalo usebenzisa intshukumo enye indlela ngexesha kunye nendawo. Basel wathi imbewu ezilelelyo emhlabeni kangangoko njengoko ubushushu okanye ezinye iimeko akalunganga. Bona bayakwazi ukwandisa amathuba okuphila.

Plants okucinga mechanism

Ukuze siqonde indlela izityalo kwenza izigqibo, ukuba sisazinzulu kunye noogxa bakhe wadala sabheka digital ngamnye iimbumba iseli ngamnye (imbewu) izityalo Tala okanye Arabidopsis thaliana. abaphandi ngoko izotywe iindawo apho iihomoni ezithile, njengoko umthetho, ibekwe ngaphakathi imbewu.

Bafumanisa ukuba hormone ezimbini ezaziwa ukudlala indima ukuntshula, gibberellin (GA) kunye abscisic acid (ABA), iqulethwe kungomlinganiselo eziphakamileyo incam ingcambu osandul.

Ukususela 3000-4000 iiseli equlethwe imbewu ukusuka ngama-25 ukuya kuma-40, kuyabonakala ukuba idlale indima ephezulu kakhulu xa kusenziwa ezi hormone. Enye inxalenye iiseli ukuvelisa iihomoni GA, inika umqondiso ihlume, lo gama enye inxalenye iiseli Yayikumgama umgama yenziweyo ABA, umqondiso ophakamisa 'ukuba ephupheni. " Uphando lubonise ukuba hormone zaba phakathi imiyalezo.

"Ukusebenzisa la maza ezimbini inika zombini ukukhula Yiphelise xa uyibona", - uthi Bassel e Live Science.

Xa abanye iseli ukuvelisa ABA ngakumbi, ngaphezu GA. Yaye kukuphuculwa kweemeko ngumphakamo imbewu GA hormone ukunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe lo gama nje "embindini izigqibo 'imbewu iqalisa ukubonisa ukuba kungcono ukuqala ukuhluma, kunokuba bahlale kwimo yokuphumla. Le ndlela ichazwa abaphandi imisebenzi yesayensi, epapashwe ngeeNkqubo kwijenali of the National Academy of Sciences.

ukuntshula ixesha

Iqela labaphandi bafika utshintsho ngumntu hormone msebenzi yezityalo. Amava abonisa ukuba izakhi amanqanaba hormone kunye umqondiso transmission ixesha, ukuntshula imbewu uyakwazi ukulawula ixesha.

"Imbewu zezityalo ekwenzeni iziko ezimbini ephikisanayo zakhiwo ezahlulwa kumgama othile. Kwakhona kwinwebu yobuchopho kwabantu zifaka ezimbini ezahlukeneyo umkhwetha sindululo okanye abanye, "- wathi Bassel.

"Xa izilwanyana, ukwahlulwa kwezi nkalo zimbini kuthintela angxamele ngengozi kulo mzimba enyanzelekile ukuba ukuthatha izigqibo ephosakeleyo", - sisazinzulu esaziwayo.

Uphando sele kubonakele ukuba ukwahlukana izityalo phakathi kwimimandla "yokukhula" yaye "uxolo" ijonge ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yobukho bawo, ukukhuthaza ukuntshula kumathuba xa ubushushu kokugquma esoloko itshintsha. Akucaci kutheni utshintsho ubushushu kufuneka ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu izityalo, kodwa esinye sezizathu kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba le nkqubo inceda izityalo ukuba uziva njani iingcambu zabo nzulu emhlabeni. I-nzulu ke, Into ehlangule ngakumbi nxamnye utshintsho obushushu. "Enye into kukuba ukuhla ubushushu waphawula xa utshintsha amaxesha rhoqo. Utshintsho kunokunceda imbewu ukuba ixesha lenguqu ", - yathi Bassel.

Le commonality phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana

"Ingcamango yokuba uluntu izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ubume ingqondo imincili kakhulu ngenxa enezityalo nezilwanyana kuba savela ngokucacileyo ukususela nje efanayo yokwakheka," - uthi Bassel. Ngokutsho uphando lwezenzululwazi yakutshanje, ongukhokho eliqhelekileyo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana yaba gumbi engekatshati, ulele efanayo, ephilayo eyayikho kwiminyaka 1.6 billion eyadlulayo.

Ngokutsho izinto zesayensi, eyapapashwa ngo-2002 kwi-Science, nangona le gap ezinkulu yendaleko, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zisebenza ngemigaqo efanayo, nto leyo wabanika i inzuzo ekusabeleni nokutshintsha kokusingqongileyo. "Yaye ke izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ngenxa yenkqubo yendaleko, kwaguqulwa ngendlela efanayo", - watsho Bassel.