Ladoga uphawu (Tywina engqongwe): incazelo, indawo

Ichibi kwegama elifanayo ukuhlala nokwanda Ladoga ngetywina. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le nto endaweni yazo kuphela. Kodwa amatywina - lwento apho Ladoga itywina engqongwe - izilwanyana zasemanzini. Njani ukulawula ukuba aphile amanzi kunye nendlela bazifumanisa kweli chibi?

Malunga 11 000 eyadlulayo, xa ubudala ice yaphela, inqanaba lamanzi itshintshile. Ngoko ke ezi ezanyisayo ezibanjwe ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo.

Ladoga uphawu. incazelo

Esi silwanyana elinye igama. Kwakhona ngokuba itywina engqongwe, kuba uboya ndiyingwevu amakhonkco emnyama kuyo. ukukhanya esiswini. Isakhiwo sangaphandle itywina Ladoga engqongwe ifuze siseko ezinye izalamane zakhe, eyahluke kubo yobungakanani yabo. Ubude yi-1.2 ubude nezinobunzima 50-80 kg. Zivalisise ibukeka otyebileyo omfutshane. Kuye phantse akukho intamo. Intloko sincinci kwaye atshabalalisa kancinane. akheke nemazi enamandla ukunceda ukuhambisa zombini emanzini kunye nomhlaba. Ukuva unuke esihle. Ladoga seal uhlala 30-35 iminyaka, kunye nokukhula uza ekupheleni kweminyaka eli-10.

Ezi izilwanyana ezanyisayo adla iintlanzi ezincinane intlanzi, apho ubude umzimba ayidluli-20 cm. Le menu iquka zakhele, Roach, ndiyinyibilikise kunye whitefish. Nje ngosuku kulo irhamncwa kuthatha 3-4 eekhilogram yeentlanzi. Ehlotyeni, xa lixesha molt, Ladoga seal bakhetha oluse- mantla edikeni, ingakumbi kwisiqithi of Valaam leziqithi: Lembos oyiNgcwele, Fox, Cross kunye nabanye. Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, bathanda ukuba amalungiselelo rookery kwi ematyeni, inani labo endaweni omnye ukufikelela abantu 600-650. Kwaye ebusika kwi-ngokuthanda ye kunxweme olusemazantsi, eNtshona naseMpuma.

impilo kwamanzi

Ladoga usigcine emanzini, nkqu engqeleni, ukuziva ngcono kunokuba phezu komhlaba. emzimbeni wayo side ke yalungiselelwa ukuba yokudada esebenzayo. Ukongeza kule ukunceda emaphikweni alo. Owayevunyelwe unika ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze amanqatha ongama nokuba ingubo ayinayo manzi. Liqhekeza watsibela ukuya kubunzulu iimitha 300, itywina nga ukubamba umoya wakhe imizuzu engama-40. Oku Bulelani kunokwenzeka ukuba yokuba umzimba wakhe uyakwazi isantya nethe, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ioksijini kufuneka ngaphantsi. Kwaye igazi nzima amalungu abalulekileyo: kwengqondo, isibindi nobuchopho. Unyamezelo seal ukuvumela ukuba iflowuthi amashumi ezininzi iikhilomitha ngesantya kwe-20 km / h.

Lokuyivelisa

Ngenxa zikhwela iimazi ezi zilwanyana khetha ixesha abandayo - ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi. Xa inkqubo inenimba bakulungele ukufikelela kwiminyaka emi-6 ubudala. Ithole azalelwe xa kukho ikhephu na. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uphawu engqongwe uzala usana. Oko: Umlinganiseli kg-4 kuphela, yaye umzimba linobude beemitha 0.6. uboya yakhe emhlophe, ngoko ke lula ukuba ezizingelayo: iimpungutye neengcuka.

Umama ufunza ngobisi iinyanga 1.5-2, ubisi lwakhe amanqatha ukuba usana yande imihla nge-1 kilogram. Emva koko, uqala adle ngokwabo. Zivalisise uyakuthanda uyaqhela ice floes. In kubo ufumana yemingxuma kwaye ilungiselela yokuhlala zenzalo. Ngexa lokukhulelwa, wenza i amaphempe embalwa ngumkhenkce, banalo umngxuma apho ungaya emanzini nokuphefumla imingxuma phantsi. Phuma kwi ebusweni "indlu" leyo ayifumaneki, ngoko ke ulutsha ayakhuselwa ekuhlaselweni ziintshaba amazwe. Xa lifika ixesha, bafana nje unina phantsi umgodi emanzini.

kungani zinyamalale

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, isilwanyana, laso iyehla ngokukhawuleza, waza waba Ladoga uphawu engqongwe. I-Red Book of Russia sele balifaka kuluhlu yayo. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukutshatyalaliswa woMntu. Ekuqaleni e Lake Ladoga wahlala 20-30 amawaka abantu, kwaye kungoku nje bahlala kuphela 2-3 amawaka kuyo amatywina. Eluswini, nenqatha, inyama lesi silwanyana sibalulekile, ngoko ke ukufuna kwakhe, kodwa hayi ngendlela engazange mveliso.

Kwinkulungwane yama-20, kwanokupheliswa lamatywina nje kweliso, yaye namhlanje kuye uhlolo fish karhulumente. Misela imida yokuloba. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezimvu sigwetyelwe yokuba odla up iintlobo ezixabisekileyo zeentlanzi echibini. Kwaye nangona yokuba izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba ngenxa itywina kwisisu encinane Lake Ladoga makangayidli ixhoba elikhulu, yaye, ke ngoko, abantu, umzekelo, salmon ninganciphi ngenxa kuyo. Elinye iqela athi ezi ezanyisayo badle njengeentlanzi ezibanjiswe iminatha, njengoko akukho mfuneko ukuba imginye, kodwa kuphela ukuba ndiziqhawule iqhekeza oko maxa wambi ntoni for fun.

izinto ezongezelelweyo

Ladoga zamanzi zibulawa kuba bexabene networks enamandla efakiweyo ukubamba intlanzi, ongayi ukuphuma ngokwabo. Ukongeza, into yokuba ubukho ngabantu chibi ubanika inkxamleko kunye oonobangela banexhala lokuba kakhulu ungakuvumeli ukuba ukwanda kwamanani abo. Enye into eziphembelela ukuhla kwamanani Ladoga kophawu - ungcoliseko chibi amdaka. Lwakuba nje yaqala ukufumana inkunkuma, ezi ezanyisayo baye bagula sifo kakhulu, ziye zehla. Ladoga Lake kungekudala kobu ntlekele eziphilayo.

Nokuba lixesha lokuba ayeke?

Ukupholisa ekungcoliseni ichibi, iikhompawundi ityhefu, iityuwa heavy metal sele oluqhubekayo kangangeminyaka eliqela. Ukongeza, amanzi aba kwezulu angcolile. Emazantsi Lake Ladoga wafumana amanxuwa musa kuphila ezingenamqolo. Ezinye iintlanzi kwasala kancane wokutshabalala, umzekelo, idweliswe njengoko semngciphekweni Atlantic sturgeon. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuncitshiswa ngamandla ukuba kutywinwe kunye zabadla ngcembe indlala. Kubuye kube kubi izilwanyana kunye Ukufudumala kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuncitshiswa inshorensi ikhephu elo. Kakade ke, kufuneka umkhenkce floes, ubuncinane ukwenzela ukuvumela amalungu ukuba hide yokuhlala abaselula ngokwabo.

amanyathelo

Izazi abanomdla wokusindisa ubomi itywina Ladoga engqongwe, wadala Repino iLeningrad mmandla pinnipeds inkonzo yohlangulo. Lo mbutho yokuqala eRashiya. Izazinzulu basebenzise amava abo kunye nolwazi ukunceda kule esanyisayo. Ngamana kuba phantsi kweliso iziko Ladoga itywina kuphela engqongwe, kwaye nasiphi na isihlobo sakhe engxakini. Ebusika pinnipeds kunye thermoregulation kakuhle. Kubo, ngokukodwa ukusebenza kuyo ukufudumeza. Izilwanyana angaphila apha okomzuzwana. Kubo ifakwe kwiibhokisi ngamnye. Abasebenzi uhlala kwindawo ukulimela kuye. Ngokwahlukeneyo, silungiselele aphe izilwanyana. Ukukhawulezisa kukhubazeko nokulungiswa pinnipeds wakha pool.

Abantu banolwazi ingxaki kunye yokuduka uyawalwela ukulondoloza itywina kunokwenzeka. Utyelelo Limit kwiindawo apho amatywina ukuphumla, ukunciphisa okuloba echibini. Nangona akunakwenzeka ukuba wayalela abantu ukuba bamhlonele iintlobo ezinqabileyo zezilwanyana endaweni yawo yemvelo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuze ukhumbule ukuba ukuze sisinde, itywina Ladoga engqongwe kufuna akukho ingqalelo ekhethekileyo indlela yabantu enengqondo umba co-ubukho bakho kweli hlabathi.