The State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics (ukulungela): inkcazelo, iiyure zomsebenzi, iindleko tyelelo. Space Museum (ukulungela): ncomo

Kaluzhane bakholelwa ukuba ilizwe labo ubanike amandla okuqhubela phambili kuphuhliso amandla enyukliya kunye nokuhlola emajukujukwini. I-museum, nto leyo kuba nebhongo ukulungela ukusebenza, ebekwe kanye kwesi sixeko. Ukwakha phantsi kwawo equlathe imiboniso ekhethekileyo, ebalisa imbali astronautics, waqala ukwakha ngo-1936. Ukugqitywa inxalenye yokuqala ikamva zakhiwo sele indlu-museum ka KE Tsiolkovsky.

Ke imfazwe. Kuba ngoxa mna yalibala ezintsonkothileyo ukulungela ukusebenza. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo lolondolozo lwembali waqhubeka emva 1945. kungekudala kakhulu, phezu eweni lomlambo epakini Yachenki isakhiwo lande spectacularly, apho imiboniso amaxesha ahlukeneyo lwaqokelela ngononophelo.

Ukwakhiwa lolondolozo lwembali

Ngowe-1957, yena wabeka nezijikeleza esiluncedo ngumntu yomhlaba. Wavula kwiphepha elitsha kwimbali yoluntu. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini izazinzulu inkulu Soviet yapapasha ileta. Yathi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwakha isakhiwo apho moya jet ezazinokwenziwa. Ngowe-1960, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukudala iziko astronautics. Museum of ukulungela leyo waqala ukwakha ngokukhawuleza, yamiselwa emva kokuphonononga ngaphezulu kwama-230 yemisebenzi nabayili. Ababhali zeprojekthi, owamkelwa, wamkela Prize State of the RSFSR. Ngowe-1961, Yuriya Alekseevicha Gagarina wamema ukubeka ilitye lokuqala. Ichole nesimbo, bevela epokothweni yakhe ingqekembe, wabonisa ukuba ngokusondeleyo singqongwe ngabantu bakhe. Nge uncumo ebusweni bakhe, wabeka penny isithethe wamandulo isitena kuqala. Kwaye ngoko ngokukhawuleza baqala ukubeka izitena abemnye ngexesha. Kwenzeka ukuba yena a virtuoso kunye nesimbo. Ekugqibeleni, ngusomajukujuku wema, wanika abakhi yesixhobo kunye waziphakamisela ebantwini izandla zakhe, ndisamkela-nxaxheba. Kaluzhane wamphendula phezulu kuye isivunguvungu bencoma. Ngoko ke, cosmonaut yokuqala ehlabathini, wabeka isiseko apho kamva wakha museum yomlando astronautics. Ukulungela ukusebenza ngo-1967 emkhosini yomthendeleko wavula iingcango zalo iindwendwe kuqala. Xa kuvulwa usomajukujuku kufika AG Nikolaev, owathetha kwi rally.

Ngoku kukho ulwakhiwo sesibini zokwakha yimyuziyam. indawo wayo amaxesha 4 obungaphezu ukwakhiwa yokuqala. Isakhiwo esitsha, eliquka imigangatho emithathu ukuba uya kumnika isibane, njengoko eyakhiwe zeglasi kunye eziphathekayo. Kuyo uya bekwilift kunye escalators zokusebenza. Ekubeni uphahla kunye neeplaza uvula i imbono emangalisayo le Yachenskoe ichibi. Inika ukuba abantu abakhubazekileyo baya kuba nako ekhwela kophahla ukuya kumgangatho mkhanya. Wonke umntu uya kuba nethuba tyelela cinema mihla, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba 'umdla isithuba' apho baya kuziva uza yokubhabha Orbital. Iza kusebenza "yesiqalo Cafe." Ukongeza, izimanga ezininzi kunye nabasebenzi olondolozo neziphumo ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe iindwendwe.

Ethambekeni Yachenki eweni

Epakini, nto leyo lokungxengxeza sisazinzulu omkhulu Tsiolkovsky, yinto obelisk. Museum (ukulungela) - emva koku, le astronautics into yokuqala zembali ibekwe kwi sayithi. It has a ezilula kunye laconic. ukwakhiwa kwezindlu - yinto uxande evuthelweyo. ezindongeni Long longitudinal - abangevayo, uyaphela - selubala, ngelothe. Oku afakwe kwi iziko icala langasezantsi eyenziwe aluminium.

It has elimile ellipsoid nkqo kwaye liphuma ngaphezu eluphahleni yimyuziyam. Eli candelo linika ekwakheni aura ethile amandla kwaye sesona idabi abantu emajukujukwini. Kufuphi nalapho kukho ngaphandle umboniso imyuziyam ezizodwa kakhulu izama esibhakabhakeni - ngexabiso "Vostok", nto leyo imi phezu kwamanqwanqwa okhethekileyo. Oku - hayi ikopi, kwaye rocket understudy.

Indlela ukwakha iiholo le imyuziyam?

Esi sakhiwo siquka ungamalungu amaninzi. Kuyo kukho igumbi ezitshayelelayo, biography igumbi kaThixo (isayensi) KE Tsiolkovsky kunye nokuphunyezwa iingcamango zakhe. Kukho kwakhona iziko. Kucacile ukuba ukwabelana ngezihloko iiholo zenza kwindawo enye. Avuleke composition udalwe yokuhlala. scheme Umbala kunceda ukudala imvelaphi elungileyo kubo nokubhengezwa ngokupheleleyo uluvo oluphambili mboniso. Kuyilo ezazisetyenziswa: umzobo oseludongeni, mosaic, imizobo, ukukrola, ukufota. Konke kuthiwa ukubonisa uphuhliso astronautics. Museum of ukulungela elinakekela engaphezi, ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kunye nemiboniso ezintsha.

In iholo yokuqala

Olu ndwendwe iqala kuhlolwe nezintsonkothileyo ukuvulwa eholweni. Kuyo na understudy yokuqala umhlaba satellite ngumntu. Into zanda iintsuku ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu. understudy kwakhe watshintshelwa myuziyam. Elenga phezulu kwigumbi kweholo nezinejika emajukujukwini. Ubunzima satellite - 83,6 kg, ubukhulu - 80 cm, ixesha ujikelezo emhlabeni wonke - imizuzu 96,17. Kukho kwakhona uhlobo 'isaci "kulo lonke kulo mboniso - umboniso ekhethekileyo. Le kaMoses "Abantu eSoviet - abahloli kwendawo yonke." Ukudalwa omkhulukazi. Singene indawo kodonga 180 macala onke. m., neentetho malunga nabantu abasebenza, oovulindlela indawo. Yena kukhatshwa amazwi KE Tsiolkovsky.

Igumbi elilandelayo - Biography KE Tsiolkovsky kwiincwadi zakhe

Kwimeko yeglasi enkulu phezu kodonga kubonisa uphuhliso zobugcisa ngezikhali. Sabonisa iphupho kokuba abantu, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, le Renaissance kunye kwiinkulungwane kamva. Not uwutyeshele amagama uLeonardo da Vinci, uCopernicus, Newton, Lomonosov. Iifestile ngabanye iboniswa imisebenzi KE Tsiolkovsky on Aeronautics. Ukongeza, libonisa umfuziselo ivele, okwadala sisazinzulu. Okunye umsebenzi wakhe ziyafumaneka kwi yokubhabha, kunye eyama.

Nantsi ubeko-moya AF Mozhaiskogo ephathelele 1881. Okunye ngo-1878 uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky wacebisa ukuba ukubaleka emajukujukwini, ngakumbi ncam, le zonxibelelwano omncane. Emva koko ke isicatshulwa ngokupheleleyo. Andule ukuza kwisigqibo sokuba kuphela zokuhamba - nto rocket. Lichaza umntu spacewalk, Tsiolkovsky sinika inkcazo le usomajukujuku yesuti. umsebenzi wakhe, yena kunye izibalo, kodwa imizobo kuphela. Kwakhona ukubonwa iincwadi ezipapashwe ngaye amazwe.

Igumbi umdla kakhulu - indoda kunye yonke

Lunikeza iinjini jet. Xa embindini Iholo ubeko le "Vostok" kunye panel photo "Phuma cosmonaut Leonov e isithuba esivulekileyo." Ngoko nangoko - "Mir" isikhululo Orbital. Kuyinto ivulelekile kuluntu. Ukongeza, kukho iikopi ye-Earth satellite ngumntu omkhulu ngokupheleleyo:

• "Kosmos-166 'ukuba isifundo kwelanga.
• "Kosmos-108 'ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-atmosfera.
• "Proton", esifunda amasuntswana esinika amandla.
• "Molniya-1", nto leyo adlulisele iinkqubo zikamabonwakude.

Iikopi lunik ubukhulu ngokupheleleyo:

• AMC "Luna-9", "Luna 16" leyo ukude kuphandwa selenium.
• Ukuqokelelwa kumhlaba kwenyanga.

Kuba izifundo Mars kunye Venus isicelo station "Mars-3" yaye "Venus-9". Kananjalo ibekwe kwiMyuziyam yeembali Cosmonautics. Ukulungela ukuba akakabi nayo indawo eyaneleyo yokwamkela zonke iisayithi ezinkulu.

ngundoqo

Eyona zonke, etsala ingqalelo iindwendwe emhlabeni iziphekepheke isithuthi original "Soyuz-34" isihlalo ejection "East" kunye usomajukujuku dummy. Ukanti ke iisuti - nokuhlangula umsebenzi extravehicular. Kwaye ukutya Space, umatshini self-ngokwaso "Lunokhod-2" zigcinwe kunye namazwe. Amalungiselelo xa bekusungulwa rocket yenethiwekhi kunye kwisiphekepheke kunika uluvo lokuba indlela yokusebenza le cosmodrome "Baikonur".

Njengoko oyidingayo mkhulu Space Museum (ukulungela) igcina incwadana ye cosmonaut yokuqala. Kuyinto encinane. Lwenzelwe amangeno umntu orbit ezibonakalayo ngokufanelekileyo Earth evela emajukujukwini, indlela isibhakabhaka kubonwa, nokuba ubonile undi ngokwaneleyo kunye eminye imiba nezinye.

nesibhakabhaka esimnyama

iingcango ezingambini na iziko sivalisisekile ngalo lonke ixesha ukuba iindwendwe. Ngoku ke umlingo kwenzeka. Ukukhanya ephuma kancinci. Ebumnyameni kucacile eholweni. Uba umatshini engabonakali wema embindini holo ngeenxa zonke. Ithile Ziyakhunjuzwa intethe, omkhulu nje, amadolo emboxo. Ngaphezu koko, umfundisi-ntsapho uthi, zonke iindwendwe bawe cwaka. Ukhokela ibali ngeenkwenkwezi odumileyo, owayephila ngemihla yamandulo eItali. igama lakhe - Giovanni Schiaparelli. Esivulela 'channel' Mars. Schiaparelli wayehleli iiyure ebumnyameni amehlo am va ukukhanya eyona ingabalulekanga. Kuphela emva tricks ezo zinokujongwa ngokuthi eyepiece othile iteleskopu.

Ngoko ke, phambi kokuba ababukeli ibonakala velvety ubunzulu isibhakabhaka ebusuku. It owuthanda kunye nomtsalane. Constellation amaso. Akukho ifu elilodwa. Ubunzulu esibhakabhakeni ebetha ubunyulu kunye obungapheliyo. Ikhala umculo kasabatha, kunye ukusasazeka iinkwenkwezi ezininzi ligubungela amajukujuku enkulu phezu kweentloko zabo. Facilities ezifana ukunyuka ngobukhulu kwaye uzaliswe ebusuku cool. Enyanisweni, udaka iziko ayikho imikhulu kangaka nje, kodwa ke ngathi yimpumelelo, kwaye yeka ibukeka. Abaphulaphuli ayikwazi ukunceda, kodwa mnandi. Ekubeni indlela nangezakhono iindwendwe lolondolozo lwembali isithuba umsebenzi (ukulungela). Planetarium utyelelo phantse wonke umntu oza kule ezintsonkothileyo. Xa intlanganiso lufikelele esiphelweni, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubusuku unika indlela kusa. Stars ziyanyibilika kwaye kuphelelwa. Dawn uvuka, oko ziintlantsi kukhulu ngomzuzwana ngamnye. compact umlilo bokukhanya ivela empumalanga. Isichazela isixeko namhlanje ukulungela ukusebenza.

Ke abahlohli abanamava Planetarium iindwendwe umazi kunye kwimbali imbonakaliso isithuba, abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ubume benkqubo yethu langa, imozulu kwezinye iiplanethi. Bethetha iinkqubo esivulekayo Ilanga kunye ezinzulwini zezinye kweenkwenkwezi. Kuphela ke arhabaxa amandla kunye nobukhulu iphela. Planetarium ne ubugcisa bale mihla uvelisa ibone kakhulu buciko kwengqondo. Kuba ngendlela ekhethekileyo ingqiqo isithuba kwabasebenzi museum ndibeke kuyo iqhekeza zimpahla, leyo yeSinayi.

Yiyiphi enye i yinxalenye imyuziyam?

Esi sakhiwo luquka museum-indlu LA Chizhevskogo kunye nezindlu ezimbini KE Tsiolkovsky. Enye e Borovsk, omnye - in ukulungela ukusebenza. Lowo e ukulungela ukusebenza, elime kule ngingqi ikuyo nangoko yimyuziyam. Kwaye kukho uyakwazi ukubona ngaphakathi, apho ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, babehlala Tsiolkovsky. Wahlala e ukulungela ukusebenza, le minyaka imashumi mabini anethoba ubudala, bathenga indlu ngo-1904, hayi kude emlanjeni. Esi sakhiwo i-enomgangatho omnye. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emine entwasahlobo kwabakho unogumbe enkulu - amanzi ukuhlasela le ndlu. Usapho wafudukela abamelwane, kwaye Tsiolkovsky waba yokugcina iincwadi zakhe, imibhalo-ngqangi kunye nezixhobo. Yonke into efunekayo, wazisa phezu emkhombeni. Xa amanzi iphelile, ihlobo yakhiwe ngaphezulu mezzanine kunye Terrace, yaye, ukongeza, kunye njengeshedi. Mezzanine waba lwekhabhinethi. It agcinwa kuyo izinto Scientist yokuqala. A Ivaranda yaba studio. Kulo Tsiolkovsky waya eluphahleni, apho ukwenza imifuniselo wabukela neentaka ziphaphazele, ujonge nesibhakabhaka esimnyama ebusuku.

Ukulungela ukusebenza Space Museum: ukusebenza

Le myuziyam luvuleleke imihla ngaphandle ngeMivulo, ukususela ngentsimbi yeshumi kusasa kwada yesithandathu ngokuhlwa. NgoMgqibelo - sixhenxe. NgoLwesithathu, ekuqaleni ivulekile walibala kangangeyure. Kodwa ukusebenza ixesha elide ebusuku - ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezingama-21. Ngaphandle usuku wokucoca. Luqhutywa kuLwesihlanu wokugqibela enyangeni. happy ukwamkela abakhenkethi wokubuk 'ukulungela. Space Museum, Planetarium operation pfumelelana neshedyuli ka yonke ezintsonkothileyo. Kuba lula iindwendwe onke amacandelo zakhiwo zivulelekile ngexesha elifanayo.

amaxabiso amatikiti

State Museum of Cosmonautics (ukulungela) iindleko zeenkonzo inikeza zokumodareyitha. Wonke ukuba uminyaka ilishumi linamithandathu ezelwe, batyelela elukhuni simahla. Kuba abafundi kunye nabo kumhlalaphantsi, ixabiso itikiti - ikhulu engange. Kuba abo basebenza - ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu. Amafoto kungenziwa ngokuhlawula ngaphezulu ezimakhulu mabini engange.

Iba

Abo baye batyelela Space Museum (ukulungela), beshiya ncomo kakhulu ngomdla, edwelisa zonke enizibonileyo ebonisa phezu iifoto. Cebisa ukutyelela bonke abahlobo kunye abasemzini. Kwakhona iyayithanda umsebenzi iziko, njengoko zinjalo zonke luhlola kwelona nqanaba liphezulu zobugcisa. Mark nezihloko ulwazi kakhulu apho kuqhutywa ekuhambeni kwi kule iziko. Kuba inxenye yethu, sikukhuthaza kwakhona ukuba ukutyelela imyuziyam isithuba ngokukhawuleza kangangoko. Ukuba kuphela kuba loo yesibini kwilizwe lethu musa ukuba.