Station "Mirny" e Antarctica: uququzelelo, ingakumbi

Antarctica - nezwekazi wasezantsi, yaye kubanda kakhulu, nto leyo umdla likhula ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu lwakutshanje yomhlaba kunye nokwandisa ukunqaba kwamanzi acocekileyo. Le lizwekazi, leyo bamazwe abahloli discoverers. Isikhululo yokuqala eSoviet "Uxolo" laba sisiqalo ezinkulu-scale uphando e Antarctica eSoviet kunye nenzululwazi Russian. Nangona namhlanje zwekazi liye kwiZikhululo ezihlanu polar zasekhaya, owokuqala iyaqhubeka ukusebenza ze kusebenze njengento eya isiseko kunye nokuxhasa abahloli ezibandayo.

Destination - station "Uxolo" (Antarctica)

Kunxweme olusempuma Antarctica kwicandelo Indian i-Southern Ocean, kunxweme Davis, kwiimeko ezinzima, apho komndilili weqondo lobushushu wenyanga alwenzeki plus-unyaka wonke, kunye neentsuku 204 ngonyaka umoya uvuthuza ngesantya ezingaphezu kwe-15 m / umzuzwana., Kulapha le isikhululo ezibandayo. Linxibelelanisa "Uxolo" isikhululo 66 ° 33'30 "inkululeko emzantsi kunye 93 ° 00'02" nobude obunga empuma. Esi sikhululo ibekwe phantse kwi-Arctic Circle, ukususela kwi-10 Disemba ukuya kwi-10 Januwari, ilanga alitshoni, ibizwa ngokuba ngomhla ezibandayo. Ke endaweni ebusuku polar, lakutshona ilanga polar apha zonke ezinye konyaka.

station Polar "Uxolo": imbali yendalo

NgoJanuwari 1956, inqanawa diesel yombane 'ba "lawela kunxweme loLwandle Davis. Ukwakhiwa kunye nophando lwenzululwazi kwakhokelela uMikhail Somov - sesayensi obalaseleyo wamazwe polar kunye nentloko ubusika yokuqala Russian e Antarctica. Isikhululo yakhiwa phezu outcrops ezine eweni. Sasisebenza bonke 86 amalungu enqanaweni iiyure ezili-12 ngosuku. Nangona imozulu wajika embi ngoFebruwari, umsebenzi akazange ayeke. Sele 13 February 1956 kwisiza izityalo "Uxolo" wavuswa ngu iflegi karhulumente ye-USSR Sandixhasa lokuvula yayo ezukileyo. Isikhululo yayiquka Radio Centre, Observatory, iiholo uphando, ezivenkileni kunye zokuhlala izakhiwo, iziko lonyango kunye izakhiwo ezingaphandle ezisecaleni. yayakhelwe Iyonke 21 isakhiwo, uninzi lwabo kunye zokufudumeza.

Observatory "Peaceful"

Kuzo zonke umkhenkce kweli lizwekazi, oku omdala. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kwi ezinobude yeemitha 35 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ukuya ngakwintshona glacier iplagi uHelen. Ukususela ngoFebruwari 1956 ukuya namhlanje yenziwa imigqaliselo radiation zemozulu kwaye elanga, uqala rhoqo radiosondes. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo, oko isiseko iphambili matutu Russian Antarctic, abenziwe zeemephu zemozulu, inyikima kushicilelwa zigcinwe imigqaliselo ionospheric. Kuphela ukusukela ngo-1971, isikhululo "Uxolo" ukukhokelwa zesikhululo "Youth" nethe yajikwa yaba phantsi Antarctic Meteorological Centre.

Aerodrome "Uxolo" isikhululo

Ngowe-1990, ikhephu isikhululo ice indiza iye yaphela ngenxa neentanda ezininzi. Iminyaka eliqela, zaye ukhangela ukufuna indawo entsha. Ukususela ngoFebruwari 2016 isikhululo esitsha moya wafumana ibhodi yokuqala. ibhodi ski US-nabaya Basler Turbo wayichola ukusuka kwisikhululo 61 hambo Russian Antarctic, eshiya 21 kuba zasebusika ezibandayo. Ukubaluleka lo mcimbi kwindawo yokuqala kukuba umoya amakhonkco kunye amawaka olusemazantsi bavela amaxesha zitshiphu kwe elwandle. A Ukubuyiselwa isikhululo seenqwelo-moya esitishini "Uxolo" luyayiphucula abaphandi.

station Uphando lwakutshanje e Antarctica: "Uxolo"

Namhlanje, isikhululo ojikeleze 15-20 njengenxalenye zemozulu kwaye yababhali Iqela elinikwe umsebenzi kunye nokuqokelelwa kwedatha zemozulu kunye ukulungiselela iimephu zemozulu. Kodwa hayi kuphela nabasebenzi bophando imozulu abaqeshwe kwisikhululo. Kukho esweni iintlanzi zeqela amanzi Southern Ocean, yokulandelela umzila Hewana, Bakhona geodetic kunye yesimo izifundo koMhlaba magnetosphere. Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - esweni iimeko ice kunye motion izakhono kwenqanawe yophando kule ndawo.

Ukubaluleka zembali

Isitishi aba esangweni for Ukuhlolwa Antarctica ngakwicala USSR. Kulo efanayo 1956 nesileyi-ezinqunquthayo behla ukusuka 'Uxolo' lifikelele South Geomagnetic Pole, apho namhlanje Russian station "Vostok". Station "Uxolo" namhlanje - ummandla wonxweme kunye zabo iinkundla-yeklasi kwisiseko esiluqilima uphando. Imveliso ye-USSR kweli lizwekazi sisemazantsi phakathi Cold War, ingaqhelekanga, kukhokelele isiphelo ngo-1959 e Washington, DC isivumelwano elingenammiselo kwi Antarctica. Isivumelwano vula inkululeko zophando kunye ukuvalwa kwemikhosi yelizwekazi, ukunqongophala ulongamo phezu komhlaba ukusuka naliphi na ilizwe kunye umlomo uvavanyo kwezixhobo. Ngoko ke station "Uxolo" ngokwenene laba uxolo kwelizwekazi esemazantsi.

izinto ezihlekisayo

• Kwaye namhlanje, i esingcono kumlinganiselo-80 ebandayo - izihlangu. Izikhululo Polar ubusika e Antarctica, nto kungqinwe iifoto ezininzi.
• abahloli Polar zange mbuna penguins. Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona kufutshane, ezi ntaka na ziyadanjiswa, nangona ukuboyika abantu. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba bathanda umculo weklasiki - lisondela ukuva kuye. Kodwa akaba eweni.
• Iinkampani Tourism ehlabathini zinika waya izikhululo Antarctic. Namhlanje, kuhanjelwa kumzantsi nemisinga ukuze ukuhamba phakathi-200 no-1000 amadoda anamandla, ngonyaka.
• Abemi Russian ungafumana ngabemi le Antarctic. amazwe esibhozo Big (Russia, USA, Canada, eJapan, UK, eJamani, Italy kunye France) batyikitye isivumelwano phantsi apho kwilizwekazi esemazantsi inkqubo zokuhlala ziya kuqalisa ngo-2020. Ukukhethwa of nzima yaye ethile, kodwa ithuba lokuba ngummi Antarctica baye wonke ummi iplanethi yethu.
• Lo gama abahlali olusemazantsi nezwe na. Ehlotyeni lwezitishi zophando-40 e-Antarctica i malunga namawaka amahlanu abasebenzi, kwaye malunga ngabantu amawaka ebusika.

Igama lesikhululo 'Uxolo' kwakwenziwa imbeko omnye wâbo bafundi babini sloops, apho ngoJanuwari 1820 phantsi kobunkokheli Thaddeus Bellingshausen kunye uMikhail various bafumanisa emazantsi lizwekazi, kunye ngowokuqala esemandleni abo elunxwemeni. Njengoko engumqondiso ekuqhubekekeni kuphuhliso yesikhululo kakhulu lwase namhlanje iyaqhubeka ukuphumeza indima yalo njengendawo reference yaye ibhulorho kunye ezifunyaniswe elidluleyo ixesha lethu kwaye omlawuli lweentshukumo zaselwandle kunye nomhlaba.