Russian Foreign Intelligence: inkcazelo, ukwakhiwa kunye nembali

Russian Foreign Intelligence namhlanje thaca Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. Le yenye imikhosi ephambili ukuqinisekisa ngokhuseleko kubemi Russian kunye nelizwe lonke nxamnye ezivela kwamanye amazwe, imibutho kunye nabantu. igama elifinyeziweyo lombutho - Intelligence Foreign Service of Russia.

inkcazelo Office

umsebenzi nkonzo ukukhangela nengxelo uMongameli we-Russian Federation, kukhutshwa ulwazi oluchanekileyo nolugqibeleleyo emkhosini izikhundla, umgaqo zangaphandle kunye nezinye zengqondo. Ngenxa yazo zonke izigqibo data enziwayo ukuze ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabemi lizwe.

Idatha eyafunyanwa luyasetyenzwa, ulwazi ingxelo ngqo uMongameli we-Russian Federation, leyo ke eya kuxhomekeka yase kanye Russian Inkonzo Intelligence Amazwe. UMongameli unelungelo Ukunyula ukususa nomlawuli wenkonzo onoxanduva ukufaneleka ulwazi olunikiweyo, ngokunjalo ukuthembeka kwabo.

Umthetho engundoqo elawula umsebenzi iinkonzo ezifihlakeleyo, wavunywa ngo 1996. Emva kokuba ukwamkelwa yomthetho "Kwi ubukrelekrele langaphandle" ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ukwenza utshintsho ezahlukeneyo kunye nezilungiso. Wokusungula inkonzo umhla eRashiya nga ozakuthathwa ekupheleni kuka-1920.

History of intelligence angaphandle

Namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukuba igama umhla ngqo yimbonakalo intelligence imisebenzi eRashiya. Exploration guqula, ukuthiya ngokutsha, kodwa ebesoloko. Imbali Russian Intelligence Foreign Service (likwimo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi langoku) isuka malunga 1918.

Kwaba lelo xesha ke, emva kokoyisa kwi-Oktobha Revolution, yaba kuyimfuneko kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ukukhusela umdla nkqubo yelizwe langaphandle. Kuba ngoko wobunkokheli ibalulekile kweli lizwe ithuba lokuba ulwazi ngokupheleleyo yaye enokuthenjwa imeko ehlabathini intsalela imikhosi (iintshaba kunye namahlakani).

Kucacile ukuba akukho thethwano Wayengavumi ukuba kubekho data enjalo ukufumana phandle, ngoko wanikwa umsebenzi: ukwenza iyunithi ubukrelekrele angaphandle phantsi usihlalo Cheka F. E. Dzerzhinskogo. INtloko candelo yaba Yakov Davydov. Eyona njongo iphambili ikhanda uphuhliso isicwangciso umsebenzi kaRhulumente kunye we Candelo. Kamva, igama kunye neyunithi isakhiwo zatshintsha izihlandlo eziliqela, kodwa yonke imisebenzi esisiseko-arhente intelligence baqhubeka.

Novemba 1991 yaba njengesiqalo Arhente Intelligence njengesebe elizimeleyo. Emva iinkqubo zokuhlola ukuphuma isakhiwo eKGB, igama kunye bahlela isakhiwo. Ekupheleni yasebusika 1991 Ndiwise kaMongameli zombutho RSFSR oluzimeleyo kwasekwa - kwiNkonzo Intelligence Foreign. Le yunithi endala angabekwa ukuba naluphi na utshintsho enkulu, ngaphandle igama utshintsho.

Kungekudala, inkonzo igama kwakhona, ubukrelekrele waziwa ngokuba SVR Russia. Njengoko umlawuli we iinkonzo ezizodwa weza UYevgeny Primakov, lowo ngaphambili kwindawo efanayo eSoviet Union. Primakov uye wanikwa umsebenzi wokuphuhlisa uhlobo ngeveki, kunye nenkqubo uthi zombutho omtsha. Ebutsheni bowe-1992, umongameli Russian uthe izikhundla abasebenzi, amisiweyo usekela mlawuli ngeenkonzo ezizodwa.

Enyanisweni zonke isikhundla CSR USSR nje saya kwisakhiwo esitsha. Rookie kwaba kuphela uLieutenant General Ivan Gorelovsky, wazithwala phezu imisebenzi kwiindawo zolawulo nezoqoqosho.

Kuba lonke ixesha ulawulo iye endaweni Izahluko ezingaphezu kwama-20 kunye namagama amaninzi. Ngowe-1991, kwafika isithuba UYevgeny Primakov, xa '96 yena indawo yi V. I. Trubnikov, ngo-2000, intloko Russian Intelligence Foreign Service Director Sergei Lebedev wamisa SVR. Ngowe-2007, kwafika isithuba soMlawuli uMikhail Fradkov. Ngo-Oktobha 5, 2016 post kuthatha Sergei Naryshkin.

umthetho

Russian Foreign Intelligence Service ilawulwa yimithetho eziliqela kunye izilungiso ezikuyo. I umthetho esisiseko wokuqala kwaye okwangoku "On ubukrelekrele langaphandle" wabonakala emva kokuwa USSR ngehlobo lowe-1992. Namhlanje kukho uxwebhu olutsha ka-1996, njengoko ulungisiwe ngo-2000, 2003, 2004 no-2007.

Ukongeza, umsebenzi wenkonzo lilawulwa imithetho kunye nezilungiso kubo: "Kwi woKhuselo", "Ngomhla Status of Servicemen", "On Weemfihlelo State", "On imisebenzi operative-bokuphanda" kunye nabanye. Kwakhona sikhokelwe inkonzo yezobuntlola kwaye isebenza ngokungqinelana noMgaqo-siseko.

Tasks nezakhiwo inkonzo

Basic ukusebenza eyenza i Russian Foreign Intelligence namhlanje:

1. Ukudala indawo ziya kunika inkxaso ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo izicwangciso zezopolitiko Russian Federation.
2. Xhasa nokudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu izicwangciso kwezoqoqosho, emkhosini, yenzululwazi kunye nezinye Russian.
3. Ukufuna, ukubunjwa processing of ingcaciso kwimiba ephathelele ukhuseleko lwesizwe, izicwangciso zalo zophuhliso, notyekelo kwamanye amazwe kunye namaziko ngabanye ngokunxulumene Russian Federation.
4. Inkxaso ukuze kufezekiswe amanyathelo ukhuseleko kwelizwe.
5. Xela ukuba ngumongameli weli lizwe kunye ulwazi oluchanileyo isikhundla kunye neenjongo kumazwe ngokunxulumene eRashiya. Le ngxelo idlulisela kumlawuli ngokobuqu Russian Foreign Intelligence Service okanye isekela lakhe.
6. Ukuphelisa isisongelo ubunqolobi kunye namanyathelo ukulwa.

ulawulo jikelele kusetyenziswa nguMongameli, nabo bonke ingxelo solawulo ukuze uMlawuli we-Foreign Intelligence.

inkonzo amandla

Lo mthetho unika inkonzo yezobuntlola na ilungelo:

• ukuseka abafowunelwa ngabanye ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko, kuquka ezithathwa;
• bathi data nabasebenzi;
• ukuba asebenzise naziphi na iindlela abusayi umonakalo kubomi babantu kunye nempilo, isidima lizwe kunye imeko esingqongileyo.

umsebenzi Operational kunye nomgangatho ngesakhiwo ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezizodwa.

Ubume yeenkonzo zobuntlola

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Russian Foreign Intelligence kumanya ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo kunye namasebe ezisebenza impendulo, ubukrelekrele kunye ingcaciso ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwentelekiso eyaziwa kuphela isakhiwo mnyango engundoqo. Amanye amalungu candelo, kubandakanywa zemimandla kunye namanye amazwe uthatha indawo, kodwa ngqongqo kubusithela. ulawulo inkonzo ekhethekileyo zimelwe ibhodi mlawuli, substituents, nee-ofisi ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo, enika wonke umsebenzi iimpawu.

INtloko Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia ingxelo uMongameli weli lizwe, yaye kulawulwe zonke iiyunithi nkonzo. SVR College - omnye ikhonkco ebalulekileyo iinkonzo zokhuseleko. College uza ukusombulula iingxaki ezingundoqo nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso intelligence imisebenzi, ugxininise imeko yangoku. Collection ibandakanya onke amasekela balawuli kunye neentloko ngamnye iminqongo iinkonzo ezizodwa.

Lonxibelelwano ubume benkonzo karhulumente wadala lisebe lakhe - Bureau of the WO kunye namajelo eendaba.

utyando Famous

Imbali has a lot of imisebenzi eliqaqambileyo Scouts zethu. Ngokuqinisekileyo zonke projekthi ngokubanzi laziwayo eendaba kuba inkonzo mfihlakalo. Kodwa ezo imisebenzi, ezibe balibhengeza, ngaba iiprojekthi onemveliso kakhulu:

1. "Dibanisa-2" - ukusebenza nenani-20. ukuba lirhoxe phesheya, owelinye iqela esebenzayo ye-USSR B. Sannikov.
2. Ukusebenza yonke ezama imiyalezo imfihlelo Japanese Foreign Sobulungiseleli Sobuthixo 1923.
3. "Operation Tarantella" 1930-1934 gg., Yiyiphi kuthwalelwa phandle ukuze esweni imisebenzi ingqondo British nxamnye eSoviet Union.
4. Uyilo kunye nokudalwa ikhaka yenyukliya eli lizwe.

Ngenxa imisebenzi ngempumelelo amaninzi ootitshala ibhaso elifikelelekayo kwiSebe kurhulumente.

ulwazi olongezelelweyo

Namhlanje, kukho ukungaqondi ukuba izakhiwo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabemi lizwe - i-Federal Security Service kunye Intelligence Foreign Service of Russia - kakhulu ukwabelana gca imisebenzi yabo. Ngokutsho isininzi, RAF isebenza kuphela ulwazi lwangaphandle, kodwa FSB bakhathazekile kuphela zangaphakathi.

Enyanisweni, bonke kancinane engalunganga. Zombini iinkonzo zisebenza zombini kweli nakwamanye amazwe. Umahluko phakathi ngabo ukuba phi kwaye njani iinkonzo. FSB ukukhusela ilizwe ukusuka abagrogrisi kunye spyware, kwaye SVR ukuba bonke; kuba becala, yena ngumbutho spy.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-SVR Russia ithathwa enye yeenkonzo best nobukrelekrele ehlabathini. Rich kwimbali, iingcali ukhetho engqongqo kunye nemisebenzi abaninzi abagqibe ngempumelelo ukuqinisekisa le nto.