Prince Meshchersky. Imbali i

umhlobo wabulawa wembongi Gabriel Derzhavin, ebuka iindwendwe Prince Meshchersky. Imbongi uphoxeke ngokumka kwakhe ukuze basabela ode. Nangona yokunqongophala ubungakanani odic nobungangamsha ezendeleyo uhlobo, imiqolo asibhozo anesibhozo wachukumisa ngokunjalo umphefumlo umfundi, leyo aya entla aqale ukufuna ulwazi malunga ngubani Prince Meshchersky noko eyaziwa? Kubonakala - nto. Abaninzi abantu abaqhelekileyo, nangona ummeli yosapho yamandulo. Prince Alexander, malunga apho ngoko wayebuhlungu Derzhavin ngaphezu kakhulu udumo ngenzala yakhe - Vladimir, owabhala njengoba intatheli, yaze yapapashwa kwaye yahlelwa "Citizen" lowu. Kodwa uPrince Vladimir sipapasha ngo-1887, yaye Derzhavin ode "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" kwakubhalwe 1779, phantse elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

ode

Ukufa Phakade - imixholo emibini malunga nganye kwaye lonke ixesha yekhampasi kwi ode Derzhavina ukunyaniseka ibonwe yaye ungekafiki owama lwamazwi - nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ezi ndinyana ngokukhawuleza yaba kakuhle owaziwayo abathande readers. Ezi imigca wabeka ifilosofi enzulu ngokumalunga umntu singabalulekanga kunye nendalo iphela mntu unokumazi, apho i-Prince Meshchersky usaphila. Kuyakhuthaza ukuba umfundi oko Derzhavin ubonisa abantu njengenxalenye endalo, nto leyo obungunaphakade, yaye ngenxa yoko ke abantu beli phakade, nangona ubomi ngamnye ngokuqinisekileyo anesiphelo, idlule kunye impermanent. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu - amanene ingenamsebenzi - kufuneka afe.

Genius Derzhavin ikwazile ukudibanisa ubomi nokufa kwi kuyabuya ezimyoli yokuqala kunye namava ngokubulawa kwale yokugqibela, kwaye umfi Prince Meshchersky ngesandla ngokukhanya kobomi imbongi kaThixo wakha ekuxhamleni - ngokunzulu nangokuzinikela Wayevelana imbongi nomhlobo wakhe osenyongweni. Ukufa esibuhlungu, lungenalusini, kuba akakukhathalele kukuba yonke ubomi imigca hero Derzhavin ode waba festive, ezele ubuhle kunye nokwanela, iziyolo sindiso. Ukuya kumda yedrama kunyuswa le nkcaso: kwi Ukufa Prince Meshchersky akunakwenzeka ukuba uphendule elithi "otmuchilsya". Wona ungquzulwano ezenzekayo lo ode, ungquzulwano, kwakunye nenkqubo umfanekiso, esetyenziswa ngumbhali.

Ezendeleyo isakhiwo ungquzulwano ode kukhokelela ukuqonda ukuba uhlobo dialectical iphela awungqinelani kwaye ngeke kuncitshiswa ukuba umanyano enye ezenzeka ebantwini. "Apho ke etafileni izitya - ibhokisi ubuxoki ..." - egqwesileyo kwindinyana yayo ngamandla. "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" - an ode waya izitanza elinanye, apho ubomi umgca ngamnye uzama ukumelana ukufa.

eliphikisayo

imigca ezisibhozo kwezitanza ngalinye ode ngokuyimfuneko ukuvakalisa inkcaso yobomi nendlela yokufa. Kuchaziwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo izinto feed umbongo. close Waxonxa, kwezivakalisi yokwakha, isandi iiphatheni utshintsho zesingqisho njalo njalo. Derzhavin ezityhutyhayo ukusetyenziswa obaneleyo kakhulu - umfanekiso zemibongo, nto leyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, sele imisebenzi abalandeli bakhe imilo ngathi Izafobe. Yinto ezityhutyhayo kakhulu nzima, kodwa ekhululekile kakhulu: "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" yi Gogol, "Abaphilayo Corpse" yi Tolstoy, "Hot Snow" ukusuka Bondarev - amagama ngokwabo ukudlulisela ubumbaxa iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, uthi ingqondo ukutshintshwa iziganeko ezithile.

Derzhavin yaba ngunozala oku kuthetha yokuthetha kulwimi boncwadi. Ngendlela efanayo ukuvana aneentsingiselo ezichaseneyo ngokupheleleyo - oko kukuthi i Izafobe. Le ukungacaci kunye ukuphikisana konke - hayi kuphela zonke isenzo kwabantu, ngehambo yakhe, kodwa ke yonke yobomi - enye i Izafobe kuphela, yiyo ngezinga eliphezulu onjalo ukunyaniseka kweli ngemigca ode. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa mbongo "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" ibonisa ngokucacileyo loo migaqo, kuphuhliswa uya ngoko, ethe shinyi, kwaye ubuninzi uya kwandisa umthwalo ngokwasengqondweni zomsebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, ibinzana elithi: "UThixo Namhlanje kunye ngomso eluthulini." Oku kuthetha oku kulandelayo: sizalwa ukuba sife, nangokufa kwakhe ubomi eyamkelekileyo. Ngoko ke ingcinga ephambili kwaye izandi wenza Derzhavins msebenzi ubalulekileyo kulo msebenzi.

Prince Alexander Meschersky

Ode, eyabhalwa Derzhavin kwaye yapapashwa bengaziwa kwi "eSt Petersburg iGazethi" ngo-1779, uye wenza le ndoda idumileyo. Young Ivan Dmitriev wachukumiseka gqitha imitya data kukuba wayefuna ukuhlangabezana umbhali, yaye nguye yedwa. City yaye kamva buzzed lizwe, ukwabelana nehlombe. Nkqu Pushkin, kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokupapashwa lo msebenzi, wayithanda ngendlela yokuba epigraph seSahluko "Dubrovsky" wathabatha Derzhavin umgca. Ngapha koko, oko kuya kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuvakalisa ingcinga ubomi nokufa, ingakumbi mfutshane. yonke into yobukho bomntu uyandiswa ukuba imida olungathethekiyo. Line epigrammatically wamgxotha azibonisi phantse nto malunga zhizneopisatelnogo beqhawe ombambazelayo ngesiquphe abangasekhoyo.

Nyana Luks, abantu zempilo esinenkqubela womelele. Yintoni ngobambana nomnye, ukufa kwakhe ukuba abahlobo, izalamane nezihlobo. Oda lidla zibhalwa abantu ebalulekileyo ngokwembali ubuncinane ukuba ziyalela yonke imithetho classicism. Kwaye apha - umhlobo wembongi. ofayo Ordinary, nto iphume inani lilonke bexesha ezibalaseleyo. Asinto Suvorov, hayi Potemkin, yaye isikhulu eziqhelekileyo. Kwakutheni ukuze umbongo Derzhavin kaThixo "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" umchukumisa enjalo elide nje kuphela bexesha lakhe, kodwa kwi inzala elikude? Oku kwakhona ezintsha: ngelo xesha, akukho mntu ayiboniswanga imithetho enkulu kangaka onamandla onke ngokufanayo iphela nge bayahlelwa abantu ngokuqhelekileyo.

Lo mfanekiso yokufa

Ukufa alahlwa Derzhavins kuzo zonke ayo anamandla - oluphangaleleyo bala. Umfanekiso kuboniswa zabafaki zayo - kwaye gqolo ngomumo. Ukusuka nokutshixiza kwamazinyo phambi akhronimi imihla elibhalwe ngokumileyo yobomi bomntu - kwisitanza sokuqala. Xa yokuginya izikumkani yonke kunye ufekethe besaphula yonke into esiyibonayo - elinesibini.

umda Further kuthatha imilinganiselo isithuba: kubetha iinkwenkwezi, ilanga liya kuphuma, yonke indalo sisisulu kufa. Apha kukho kwakhona iqela 'kumhlaba' ukuba ukubhabha kule isithuba ngonaphakade. Derzhavin sokuyivula umfundi lwaluzibona ngayo ubomi kancinane intlekisa sketch: ukufa akubheka, ngobuso, ookumkani, opulent, izityebi, abanekratshi kwi clever - kwaye unxiba kude, yonke into elizilolayo ivutha scythe yakhe.

keynotes

Ingcaciso kwisahlulo Kwisitanza akuthethi kungqubana ngobuqhophololo kwebali. A Inani ubuchule ezizodwa zobugcisa umiselwe le njongo Derzhavin inkonzo yakhe. Kwistanza ezifana flow ibe omnye komnye (msebenzi, isicelo kunjalo ngokupheleleyo yaye ngokucacileyo iincwadi Russian ngexesha lokuqala). Ndawonye ngengcinga ephambili kumnombo Kwisitanza lokugqibela, imbongi ekuphinda kumgca wokuqala wonyaka olandelayo, uze nokuphuhlisa nokuqinisa. Iingcinga kunye imifanekiso phindwa yonke itekisi, ngokuba leitmotif, basebenzisa of Derzhavin. Ode "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" ngqo ngenxa yokuba bafumane umsebenzi ukuze angamarhoqorhoqo, ayiguquki. Yayisebenza njengoko leitmotif engundoqo ukufa ongenandaba passionless kunye zidlula, njengephupha, ubomi.

umbhalo ezintweni

Prince Meshchersk banikwa kwizikhundla eziphezulu, kwindawo ezibonakalayo, yaye akazange malivakale nto - nakwelo emkhosini okanye yolawulo okanye isebe yokuluka. Indoda ngaphandle nayiphi na italente, kunye iimpawu ezimnandi kuphela iindwendwe Russian (nto leyo ke ngelo xesha phantse wonke umgaqo). Igama lokuqala ukuba wamnika umsebenzi wakhe Derzhavin, aze ayise uhlobo imiyalezo zemibongo, kodwa hayi kwi ode eziphefumlelweyo: "Ngu SV Perfilieva ukufa Aleksandra Ivanovicha Mescherskogo". Nangona kunjalo, lo bokubanga ode oyinyaniso, bevuthela intsimbi tocsin, wanika ukubandakanya uhlobo kunye Kwisitanza sokuqala: "Amaxesha Isenzi Metal jingle!".

Kwaye ngoko ke eqaqambisa imiba ezintweni. Ukufa nabani na - nokuba umntu akaziwa ngokupheleleyo yenza abantu kancinane ngaphantsi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye bonke ubomi abo kancinane ngaphantsi ngokupheleleyo. Ukufa umhlobo iboniswa njenge isiganeko ebomini emifuleni izityhilelo ezimangalisayo zemibongo. Ukuthetha kokufa kwenene, ngokucacileyo Derzhavin ulifanisa kunye zayo. Umanyano yokuba ngamnye kubo bonke abantu - nantsi ke ezikhona kule mbono. Ngelo xesha linye ode "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" utsho inkcaso kufa, kuba kumgca zonke kubonisa ku vangama malunga intsingiselo yokuba esithile zabantu jikelele, ummandla wendalo, nakuba imithetho yakhe anesibindi.

isakhiwo kwisemantiki

olukhulu Original balindele umfundi kwivesi nganye: nguvulindlela kwimibongo Russian okokuqala yaziswa loncwadi udidi olutsha ngokupheleleyo: yomphakamo nesezantsi, obungunaphakade nezexeshana, zabucala, jikelele, abstract-eziphathekayo. Kakade ke, konke oku kuye kwaziwa ukususela ngexesha Aristotle. Kodwa Derzhavin ezi ndidi akukho kuphinda ivakala olugunyazisa kokungena yokuqaphela.

Odic, iyachulumanca, isandi nemincili ufumana eyona yaphelelwa postulates zakhe. ubomi babantu kunye nentsingiselo yalo: ukufa nje acinge ukuba afe. oxymorons ezinjalo baninzi, yaye bonke kule ode kabuhlungu kuba baziva Derzhavin. "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky" - an ode, ongenise umfundi ubuso ukufa kuphela njalo, ekubeni naliphi ngomso iqumrhu okanye iminyaka eliwaka, njengoko iBaobab, nangoku afe.

sokuba umfundi

Ubukho rhoqo enjalo kuyathandabuzeka nolulahlekisayo kuba existentially njengoko akwenzi ngqiqo, yaye, ke ngoko, lo ke umongo akuyonyaniso, ukuba kwixesha elizayo naliphi na ikhethe bakushiya. Derzhavin wongezelela nenjongo kubukho kakuhle eyondliwe emkhumbini, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngamampunge komhlobo wakhe, lo ode "Ngomhla Ukufa Prince Meshchersky."

Uhlalutyo le mveliso senziwa kwiilwimi nje kuphela, kodwa zobulumko, nto leyo ehambisana nazo zonke iinkcukacha zayo kunye imodeli iphela, apho kungekho mntu samoosnovannosti ekubeni njengokuba akanayo ubuntu beingness. Noko ke, amava engaphakathi imbongi ongenela impikiswano kunye akunakuphepheka, ngokungathi ukulumkisa umfundi ukuba esesiphelweni enzonzobileni, ukuba ikhonkco inguqu aziphazamiseki, yonke into iza kupheliswa ngayo iimfihlakalo lendalo ngaphandle nakancinane.

Enye Prince Meshchersky

Derzhavin ku Prince Meshchersky Vladimir Pavlovich akazange abe nolwalamano, nangona ukhokho wakhe zawongwa ode ekufeni kwakhe. Prince Alexander engumphakathi karhulumente, waba ofisi amasiko. Wayemthanda uncwadi kunye noluntu St. Petersburg IsiNgesi (club). Meshchersky weza owazalwa Tatar iinkosana zenkulungwane weshumi, weshumi elinesihlanu - Meshcherov owned, kubandakanywa amalungu sodidi ngaba iirhuluneli - kunye namapolisa regimental. Oku yonke into eyaziwayo abathetheli Meshchersky, nto okhethekileyo. Kodwa ke ngo-1838, yena wazalwa umzukulwana Karamzin, Prince Vladimir Meshchersky, ingakumbi kungekhona Derzhavinsk kwesigele. Le yenye abalinganiswa abaphambili zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ubomi boluntu eRashiya, umlinganiswa, hayi amarhe engqondweni-ukuvuthela kuphela, kodwa Jokes ribald. Abantu abaninzi basebenza, epapashwe kwiphephancwadi (kamva - iphephandaba) wabhala "Ntetho endala" abo idume kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe.

Uyise - Guard uLieutenant Kol Peter Meschersky, unina - intombi enkulu le mbali odumileyo nombhali UNikolai Karamzin. Bazali - ukuziphatha abantu ezintle, bakhanyiselwa, yaye bakholelwa kule mbono. Unyana, ngamazwi akhe, waba nomlinganiswa kunye nokubi, kunye nendalo. Mna baphupha uqulukubhode egameni le looMawokhulu nengqalelo ngokwesondo ngabantu bolunye uhlanga. indlela yokuloba wakhethwa ukuba zazivelela. Ngowe-1981 wachaza tyelelo mlawuli ukuba Potemkin, naye wayenobubele. Kungekudala Prince Meshchersky yanikwa camera-Junkers. Kwaye ke umsebenzi Ministry Interior, waza wavula indlela eya kwe kufuphi club odumileyo. Waza waqalisa ekunyukeni ngokukhawuleza kumthetheli kwi sokumiswa elite Russian.

Advisor ukuba yinkosi

Tutor indlalifa - Bala Stroganov, Prince Meshchersky wakuthanda, ngoko ke uluhlu yonxibelelwano Prince abakwiindawo undizela phezulu emafini - waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni Tsesarevicha Nikolaya (apha apha ingqiqo efanayo, nangona sengqondo nokumkani elizayo Russian). Ubomi High wanikwa Vladimiru Mescherskomu kaThixo ayikho lula njengokuba kubonakala: i Stroganov obzovot "kurtizanom embi" indhlebe emva elikhulu kakhulu kwaye giggling. Noko ke, umcebisi ukuba okusingqongileyo indlalifa yonke yena Meschersky abe. I Tsarevich firmly uyagula, kunye nePrince wahamba naye ukuze unyango eYurophu, apho intloko yeSebe of Internal Affairs Valuev wayibiza ngokuba "babo enkundleni."

Emva kokufa Nicholas (kwakukho intetho ngokuzibulala ngenxa yezizathu ubufanasini) Meshcherskomu wanika enye kwezi Crown Prince, ikamva - Alexander III, ngubani sobabini kamzala le yenene. Le attachment elizayo umlawuli Meshchersky ukuba bangabi ngokuthatha umlilo ngokwayo, apho asebukhosini wamshiya nombulelo gqitha. Ngeli xesha umbhali iye ekukruqulayo silume kakhulu umthetheli, yaye ngoncedo Crown Prince yasekwa yindawo ngokwenene lobuzwilakhe - phephancwadi "Citizen". Ngenxa Bona bazizinhanha vospreemnikam owaseka phephancwadi waza wahlala ezingqondweni zabantu. Emva waqhubeka nomsebenzi Abantu bakhe wabafudusa Dostoevsky, Tiutchev, uMike. Ke yena Meschersky amaphepha "Citizen 'walwa ingenanceba ngemfundo yehlabathi, iibhodi zasekuhlaleni, yijaji, a yamahlwempu self-government amaYuda intelligentstvuyuschimi. "INkosana iSodom neGomora, ummi," ngokutsho Vladimir Solovyov.