Iinqwelo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala

Njengoko kwaziwa, iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala yayingenye yezona zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zigazi kummandla wonke . Izixhobo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi Lokuqala zahluke kakhulu. Phantse zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ezikhoyo ziye zasetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokulwa, kuquka ezintsha.

Uhambo

I-aircraft yayisetyenziswe ngokubanzi-yokuqala yayisetyenziselwa ukuhlonipha, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuqhuma umkhosi phambi nangemuva, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwiidolophana nezixeko ezinokuthula. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwiidolophu zaseNgilani naseFransi, ngokukhethekileyo eParis, eJamani basebenzisa i-airship (esoloko bebenzisa izixhobo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi YeyokuQala, kwabizwa ngokuba yi "zeppelins" - ngokuhlonipha umyili wezakhiwo F. Zeppelin).

Iinqwelo ezinamandla

IBritani ngo-1916 ngokokuqala ngqa yaqalisa ukusebenzisa inqwelo encinci yezithuthi (ie amatanks) ngaphambili. Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, babesele babangele umonakalo omkhulu kumkhosi waseJamani. Umkhosi waseFransi wayesebenza itanki ebizwa ngokuthi "Renault FT-17", eyayisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa intsapho. Iimoto ezixhobileyo (iimoto ezixhobileyo ezixhotywe ngamashishini okanye izikhonkwane) zazisetyenziswa kule minyaka. Ngethuba leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, njengoko kuyaziwayo, phantse onke amagunya anesigxina semipu njengombutho wendlela yokuqhuba imisebenzi yokulwa (ukulwa okufutshane). Umkhosi waseRussia wawunamathotholo emi-2 yezixhobo zompu (ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo kaMaximov, umyili waseMelika) kunye nemipu yeVickers. Ngebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe, inani lamashishini abanjwe ngesandla (esinye isixhobo esiqhelekileyo seMfazwe Yehlabathi Lokuqala) siye sanda kakhulu.

Izixhobo zeMichiza

Emuva ngoJanuwari 1915 kwimpumelelo yaseRashiya okokuqala kwakusetyenziswa izixhobo zamachiza. Ngenxa yokuphumelela impumelelo, abathathi-nxaxheba kwimfazwe abazange bayeke phambi kokuphulwa kwamasiko kunye nemithetho-ngoko yayingekho imigaqo eyiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Izixhobo zamachiza zazisetyenziswa kwi-Western Front ngo-Ephreli 1915 ngumyalelo waseJamani (i-gasity poison) - entsha indlela yokuqothula. Ukusuka kwiisilinda kwakhululwa i-chlorine yegesi. Amafu amaninzi ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, awayebhekiswe kuwo, wagijima waya kuma-Anglo-amaFrentshi. Abo bahlala kwi-radius yentsholongwane baqala ukuxhatshazwa. Njenge-countermeasure eRashiya, kwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza malunga nama-chemical plant 200. Izixhobo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi Lokuqala zifuna ukulungiswa kwamanje. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwemisebenzi, iinqwelo zokusetyenziswa kweenqwelo-mveliso zazisetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwee-gesi, i-artillery fire opened. Iifoto zezixhobo zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala zingabonwa kwinqaku lethu.

Kungekudala emva kokuqala kwamacala amabini aqala ukusebenzisa i-gesi yetyhefu ngaphambili, umqeqeshi owaziwayo waseRashiya kunye nomkhandi wezobuchwephesha uNdhepko. UZelinsky waqulunqa umatshini wegesi olahlekileyo owakusindisa ubomi bamawaka amaninzi abantu.

Zixhobo zoMkhosi

Imfazwe, ngaphandle komhlaba, nayo yaqhutyelwa elwandle. Ngomhla ka-Matshi 1915, ihlabathi lonke lafunda iindaba ezimbi: inqwelo-moya yaseJamani yancama inqanawa enkulu yokuthutha i-"Lusitania". Kwafa abantu abangaphezu kwewaka abahamba ngokuthula. Kwaye ngowe-1917, ukubizwa ngeemfazwe zasemanzini ezingenamkhawulo zaseJamani eziqingqiweyo zaqala. AmaJamani avakalise ngokucacileyo injongo yabo yokucima nje kuphela inkundla yabachasi, kodwa kunye namazwe angathathi hlangothi ngenjongo yokunciphisa iNgilani ukufikelela kwiintlangano kunye neenkoloni, ezishiya ngaphandle kwesonka kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Iinqanawa zaseJamani zikhukula amaninzi amanqanawa ahamba kunye neentengiso zaseNgilani kunye namazwe angathathi hlangothi.

ZoThutho lweNdlela

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaleso sikhathi umkhosi waseRussia wawungenakulungiswa ngokusesikweni kwezithuthi. Kuzo zonke, kwakukho imoto engama-679 ekuqaleni kwemisebenzi yempi. Ngomnyaka we-1916, umkhosi sele sele unamavili ama-5.3waka, kwaye lo nyaka unikwe enye i-6.8 lamawaka, kuba bekufunwa yiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala. Iinqwelo kunye nemikhosi zifuna ukuthutha. Ezi zibalo ziyamangalisa, nangona kunjalo, umzekelo, umkhosi waseFransi, owawuphindwe kabini, wawuneemoto eziyi-90,000 ekupheleni kwemfazwe.

Izandla ezincinci ezithathwe ngesandla kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala

• Ibhotile yeGosa "iParabellum", 1908. Igunya levenkile elithi "Parabellum" ngokulinganayo liyi-8 imijikelezo. Kwiimfuno zeenqanawa, kwandiswa kwimizuzu engama-200 mm, kwaye kwinguqulelo yemigodi yesixhobo apho kwakukho umbono omeleleyo. "I-Parabellum" yimizekelo yegosa labasebenzi. Bonke abaphathi bakaKaiser baxhobile esi sixhobo.
• "I-Mauser" - ibhotile yeerhasi. Umthamo wesitoreji bekuyi-10 imijikelezo, kwaye ubunzima - 1.2 kg. Uluhlu oluphezulu lwephetshana lwalu-2000 m.
• Ipolisi yegosa "Mauser" (isicelo - iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala). Isixhobo sasiyinxalenye encinane yepokhethi. Izinzuzo - ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kokudubula.
• Ijoni le-pistol "I-Draize" (1912). Ubungakanani bombhobho ngu-126 mm, ubunzima buyi-1050 g ngaphandle kwee-cartridges, umthamo we-drum ngu-8, umlinganiselo we-9 mm. Esi sixhobo sasinzima kwaye sinzima, kodwa sinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela amajoni ngokuzikhusela okufunekayo kwimfazwe yamanzi.
• Ukuzifaka imfoloko iMondragon (1908). Ukulinganisa kwesi sixhobo - i-7 mm, ubunzima-4.1 kg, ubukhulu beemagazini bekuyi-10 imijikelezo, kunye ne-target target-2000 m. Okumangalisayo kukuba, izixhobo zaphuhliswa eMexico, kwaye ubuchule bezakhono zobugcisa kweli lizwe liphantsi kakhulu. Iyona nto iphambili yintlupheko yintsikelelo enkulu ekungcoliseni.
• I-9 mm yesiqhumane sompu MR-18 (1918). Umthamo wesitolo wawungama-cartridges angama-32, u-9 mm wamakramitha, ubunzima ngaphandle kwee-cartridges - 4.18 kg, kunye ne-cartridges - 5.3 kg, umlilo ngokuzenzekelayo. Esi sikhali senzelwe ukuphucula amandla omlilo, ukulwa nemimiselo emitsha. Kwabangela ukulibaziseka ekuthungeni kwaye kwakujongene nokungcola, kodwa kubonisa ukuphumelela okukhulu kokulwa kunye nomlilo.