Phenols - yintoni na le nto? Iimpawu kunye Ukubunjwa phenol

Phenols - Le izinto eziphilayo ezinxulumene hydrocarbon enuka kamnandi. Zingakotshwa zifumaneka kwindalo, kodwa inkoliso zonke ezaziwayo ukuba umntu ezo zifunyanwa ngokusebenzisa ngumntu. Manje ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa kushishino amachiza, ulwakhiwo, kushishino lwee-plastiki nkqu amayeza. Ngenxa iipropati ephakamileyo zinetyhefu, Ukuzinza iikhompawundi alo kwawo ukungena kulo umzimba womntu ngesikhumba kunye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla ngokufuthi phenol ityhefu. Ngoko ke, le nto yenziwa ukuba udidi iikhompawundi ye inetyhefu kakhulu nokusetyenziswa kwayo kulawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Yintoni phenols

Le chemical zithako ibakho semvelo eziveliswa in vitro. phenols Natural kunokuba luncedo - i polyphenols antioxidant ezenza ezinye izityalo ephilisa abantu. A phenols zokwenziwa - into enetyhefu. Emva udibana nesikhumba, baya kwenza zokutsha, xa ukungena kwi umzimba womntu - iyityhefu olomeleleyo. Ezi zihlanganisi ezinzima besive aromatics eguquguqukayo zidluliselwa zibe kwimeko sukube kubushushu ngeedegree kancinane ngaphezu kwama-40. Kodwa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, akukho crystalline kweziyobisi esicacileyo ivumba ethile.

Ukubekwa phenol olufundwa esikolweni apha ekuhambeni organic chemistry. Kulo mzekelo, libhekisela ukwakhiwa kwayo, isakhiwo kwemolekyuli kunye neengozi. Malunga izinto zendalo zeqela, idlala indima enkulu kwindalo, abantu abaninzi abazi nto. njani na abonakalisa phenol? Ukwakhiwa kwale imichiza compound ilula kakhulu molecule -benzoic iqela, hydrogen neoksijini.

iintlobo phenols

Ezi zinto zikhona izityalo ezininzi. Zinika umbala neziqu, iintyatyambo, ivumba, okanye zigxothe izinambuzane. Kukho kwakhona kukho imichiza eyenziwayo apho ayityhefu. Ezi izinto ziquka:

1. iikhompawundi izakhi Natural - na capsaicin, eugenol, flavonoids, lignans kunye nezinye.
2. Elaziwa kakhulu kwaye enetyhefu phenol - carbolic acid.
3. Uxhulumaniso butylphenol, chlorophenol.
4. Creosote, Lysol kunye nabanye.

Kodwa ubukhulu becala abantu abaqhelekileyo wazi amagama amabini kuphela: carbolic acid kunye phenol ngokwayo.

Iimpawu zezi zinto

Ezi kunethuba letyhefu kuphela. Zisetyenziswa ngenxa yesizathu ngumntu. Ukuze ubone oko iimpawu na isakhiwo phenol kubaluleke kakhulu. Umchiza carbon, hydrogen neoksijini ubapha iipropati ezizodwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto lisetyenziswa ngumntu phenol. Iimpawu kule compound zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Le into crystalline kunye livumba emnandi;
• phenol asabela umdla ifuthe lomoya - ezi ziikristale ukutshintsha umbala: kuqala uvule pink, ngoko zibe nombala emdaka;
• phenol has indawo yokunyibilika eliphantsi kakhulu;
• Elinye izinga layo - le asidi;
• Le into enyibilikayo kakuhle utywala, i-oyile, alkalis kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-oganikhi kunye nezingaphiliyo, namanzi kuphela uyakwazi wavala phenol kubushushu ngaphezu kweqondo 70;
• iminyaka emininzi, iikhompawundi phenol bangalahlekelwa iimpawu zabo, ukuze zonke iimveliso elisekelwe kuzo ukugcina iziphumo zabo yityhefu ebantwini.

Indima phenols endalweni

Ezi zinto zifumaneka izityalo ezininzi. Bona inxaxheba ekudalweni imibala yawo incasa. Capsaicin pungency pha eshushu. Anthocyanins kunye flavonoids efafazwe umthi ixolo kunye ketol okanye eugenol ukunika ngevumba phambi iintyatyambo. Kwezinye izityalo ziqulathe polyphenols, izinto ezenziwa ngokudibanisa molekyuli ezininzi phenol. Zinceda impilo yabantu. Ngu polyphenols ziquka lignins, flavonoids, kunye nabanye. Ezi izinto kufuneka ngumnquma, iziqhamo, amandongomane, iti, itshokolethi kunye nezinye iimveliso. Kukholelwa ukuba abanye babo babe negalelo ekuvuseleleni nokukhusela umzimba nomhlaza. Kodwa kukwakho iikhompawundi eziyityhefu: tannins, urushiol, carbolic acid.

Phenols kakubi nabantu

Lo myalezo zonke nezakhi zayo lula ukungena kulo emzimbeni ulusu kunye nemiphunga. Igazi a compound phenol kunye nezinye izinto luze lube ityhefu ngakumbi. Liphakamile eyavela emzimbeni, konakalise kokukhona kungadala. Phenol iphula luvo kunye sentliziyo, ichaphazela isibindi kunye nezintso. Ubhubhisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ebangela negazi kunye nezilonda.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, phenol ityhefu kwenzeka nge amanzi okusela, ngokunjalo emoyeni kule ndawo apho avela kulo asetyenziswe ekwakheni, ipeyinti okanye ifanitshala lokuvelisa.

Inhalation zithako yayo kwenzeka aqhumisele yomoya, aphazamiseke ngeempumlo kunye nokudumba nezengekho miphungeni. Ukuba phenol ukhwela esikhumbeni sakho, kungcono ninikane umtshiso imichiza eyomeleleyo, emva koko nokuphuhlisa kakubi ephilisa izilonda. Kwaye ukuba undibetha nje kwekota yesikhumba yabantu, ekhokelela ekufeni kwakhe. nokudla ngengozi amathamo encinane phenol, ezifana namanzi angcolile, ukuphuhlisa esiswini isilonda, incoordination, nenzalo, ukusilela intliziyo, legazi kunye nomhlaza. nangoko amathamo amakhulu kukhokelela ekufeni.

phenols Apho kuyimfuneko

Emva kokufunyanwa le nto yafumaneka ukukwazi layo ukutshintsha umbala emoyeni. Olu umgangatho ngentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa kwimveliso nedayi. Kodwa ke ezinye iimpawu zakhe zisaqala. Kwaye phenol compound liye lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumsebenzi yabantu:

• ekuveliseni ipeyinti kunye ivanishi;
• ekunyangeni izikhumba zezilwanyana kushishino ekukhanyeni;
• ekwenziweni nenayiloni, nenayiloni kunye nezinye amalaphu zokwenziwa;
• ukukhusela izilwanyana zasefama ukususela ekusulelekeni;
• njengenxalenye izibulala;
• ekuvelisweni umsi iimveliso ukutshaya;
• ku iiplastiki;
• e amabala kunye arhente zokucoca.

Ngawo amayeza

Xa iimpawu bactericidal of phenol, waba lusetyenziswa kakhulu amayeza kwafunyanwa. Ikakhulu ngenxa kwamagciwane kwizakhiwo, izixhobo, nkqu ezandleni abasebenzi. Ukongeza, phenols - ezi iinkalo eziphambili amanye amachiza ezithandwayo: aspirin, ikhephu, ichiza lokunyanga isifo sephepha, izifo imingxunya ebulala ezahlukeneyo ezifana xeroform.

Ngoku Phenol isoloko isetyenziswa zokuthambisa ukuba exwebula yinto engenabunzulu. It usebenzisa iimpawu zayo Wayitshisa umaleko phezulu sangaphandle.

Ukusetyenziswa phenol ukuze zibulale

Kukho kwakhona ukulungiselela ekhethekileyo ngokohlobo amafutha kunye isisombululo ukusetyenziswa lwangaphandle. Isetyenziswa kweentsholongwane izinto kunye iindawo kweli gumbi, izixhobo kunye nempahla yokunxiba. Phantsi kweliso phenol ugqirha esetyenziswa ukunyanga iintsumpa, pyoderma, impetigo, folliculitis, amanxeba ubovu kunye nezinye izifo zolusu. Isisombululo kudityaniswe ngesepha eluhlaza esetyenziselwa kweentsholongwane kwizakhiwo, iimpahla ane. Ukuba uxutywe separafini okanye neturpentine, uba disinsection propati.

Awukwazi ukuphatha iindawo phenol ngokubanzi eluswini, kwakunye namagumbi ezenzelwe ukupheka kunye yokugcina ukutya.

ityhefe njani phenol

A ithamo ebulalayo ukwimo ukuba abantu abadala babe 1 g nabantwana - 0,05 phenol ityhefu esinokubakho ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• -Non ukuthotyelwa ukhuseleko emsebenzini kunye izinto eziyityhefu;
• kwimeko yengozi;
• -Non ukuthotyelwa wemithi amayeza;
• xa usebenzisa amanqaku yeplastiki phenol, ezifana nezinto zokudlala okanye impahla;
• ukuba sisuke agcinwe imichiza zasekhaya.

In aksenti Iimpawu ityhefu zibonakala kwangoko, kwaye unokuba umntu uncedo. Kodwa phenol ingozi kukuba xa ufumana igcuntswana leyeza le nto ngoyaba. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu uhlala kwindawo apho kusetyenziswa kokugqiba izinto, ipeyinti ivanishi iimveliso okanye ifenitshala avelisa phenol, kukho ityhefu ezigulo ezondeleyo.

zesifo ubuthi

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ingxaki. Oku kuya kunceda ngexesha ukuqala unyango kunye nokuthintela ukufa. Iimpawu eziphambili ziyafana nayiphi na ityhefu: isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukozela, kunye nesiyezi. Kodwa kukho iimpawu uphawu ngawo umntu afunde ukuba le ndoda wadliswa ne phenol:

• umoya eqhelekileyo;
• niphele;
• ukuhla okukhulu lobushushu emzimbeni;
• abafundi inimba;
• pallor;
• ukuphelelwa umoya;
• xhopho ebandayo;
• ukuncipha izinga lentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi;
• walunywa;
• sorhudo igazi;
• amatshatshazi amhlophe emilebeni.

Kwakhona kufuneka ukwazi imiqondiso ityiwe ezigulo ezondeleyo. Xa ufumana ngeedosi ezincinane umzimba sasingachazwa ngamandla imiqondiso yalo. Kodwa phenol kujongela impilo. Iimpawu Ityhefu ziqatha:

• yintloko ebuhlungu rhoqo;
• isicaphucaphu;
• dermatitis kunye negazi abasabela;
• ugwayi;
• izifo isisu;
• fatigue kakhulu;
• ucaphuka.

uncedo lokuqala kunye nonyango lwe ubuthi

Ixhoba kufuneka ukunika uncedo lokuqala nendlela kuyinikela kugqirha ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Amanyathelo ekufuneka athathwe ngoko nangoko emva kokuba wadibana phenol, kuxhomekeka kwindawo elalana lwayo umzimba:

1. Emva zidibene nesikhumba, yoxukuxwa ngamanzi, azinako ukuba zingenziwa okanye amafutha bambeka ngamanqatha.
2. Ukuba phenol hit emlonyeni - pula, musa ukuginya nto.
3. Xa ukuginyile, asele sorbent, ezifana namalahle, "Polisorb", oko ke kucetyiswa ukuba iphume nesisu ukuze kuthintelwe ukutsha mucosal.

In kwiziko lonyango ityhefu nzima yaye elide. Kwenziwa umoya, dezintosikatsionnaya uthomalaliso ilawulwa alikaziwa - calcium gluconate, sorbents ezisetyenzisiweyo, nemithi, amayeza intliziyo,

imithetho yokhuseleko ukusetyenziswa phenols

nemigangatho Sanitary-epidemiological kuwo onke amazwe wamisa kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokuvunywe of phenol yoxinaniso emoyeni endlwini. A ithamo uphephile 0.6 mg 1 kg ubunzima bomzimba ngalinye. Kodwa le mimiselo musani luthathele ingqalelo ukuba kunye nokwamkelwa rhoqo nkqu phenol yoxinaniso emzimbeni, ngokuthe ngcembe yakha phezulu kwaye bangakwazi ukuzisa umonakalo omkhulu kwimpilo. Le into angakhululwa emoyeni kwimveliso zeplastiki, ipeyinti, ifenitshala, izinto zokwakha kunye otelochnyh, zokuthambisa. Ngenxa ukubunjwa iimveliso ezithengiweyo kufuneka bagadwe ngeliso elibukhali, ukuba kukho nevumba elibi elimnandi kwezinye izinto kungcono ukuba bahlukane kuyo. Xa usebenzisa phenol for kweentsholongwane kufuneka ngokungqongqo waphawula izisombululo idosi imithetho yokugcina.