Parliamentarianism - a ... parliamentarism eRashiya

inkqubo zepalamente - i inkqubo karhulumente luluntu, esibonakala yi kwahlulwe ngokucacileyo imisebenzi mthetho kunye yolawulo. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba liphezulu lowiso kufuneka babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo anelungelo. Eli nqaku lithetha ntoni parliamentarianism eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe, amanqanaba ukubunjwa kunye neempawu zayo.

Yintoni iPalamente?

IPalamente - kuba umzimba ephakamileyo ummeli karhulumente. Isebenza ngokusisigxina kwaye iya kunyulwa ngawo abemi beli lizwe. Yaba intsebenziswano yakhe namanye amaqumrhu karhulumente ubizwa ngokuba "parliamentarism". Eli ziko linophawu nobunganga kwintsimi yowiso.

IPalamente iyenza imisebenzi ethile: ummeli, ezimanyanisayo ezilawulayo. Eyokuqala ukuba ibinzana intando yabemi. Abantu njengomthombo kuphela amandla eendaba ephakamileyo uxhobisa iPalamente egameni layo ukuzalisekisa indima mthetho. umsebenzi ezimanyanisayo usendleleni yokuba iGunya yesizwe yokusombulula iingxaki. Kwakhona, iPalamente ebizwa ukuba ilungelelanise izinto ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, ezo ke izithethi zamaqela ezopolitiko. osemqoka wakhe sesithathu kukuba imithetho esekwe ngazo umlawuli engundoqo yobudlelwane bentlalo.

zimpawu parliamentarism

inkqubo zepalamente - inkqubo yentsebenziswano phakathi karhulumente kunye noluntu. mpawu zalo ezisesikweni zomthetho, nto ifom enye okanye enye, ezisisiseko sentlalo eziqulathwe kuMgaqo-siseko, zezi zilandelayo

1. Ukwahlulwa kwegunya lowiso-mthetho nelolawulo oluphezulu.
2. Iwonga wawuyinyhweba epalamente kunye ukuzimela zabo zomthetho evela lwabavoti.

Kukho ezinye iimpawu, kodwa azikho kumGaqo mthetho.

Parliamentarism sinxulumana iintlobo ezithile yolawulo. Esi simo uphawu zonke idemokhrasi yale mihla. parliamentarism Russian kwakhona umela ngokwembali conditioner sisiphumo sophuhliso lwentlalo nezopolitiko karhulumente.

Yembali zepalamente ehlabathini

Nkqu VI. BC. e. Athens abemi ityebileyo kunyulwa umzimba lonxibelelwano - iBhunga ezine. Kodwa ke ukubunjwa parliamentarism kwi Ngokwengcamango mihla kwenzeka ngenkulungwane XIII. Oku kungenxa ukuvela eNgilane yequmrhu okhethekileyo ummeli. Noko ke, amandla yokwenene yePalamente lifumana kuphela emva kokuba neziphithiphithi XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Emva koko, kuninzi lwamazwe Western aseYurophu abonakale ummeli imizimba yowiso-mthetho.

Ngowe-1688 eNgilani ligqithise le Bill of Rights, leyo ezichazwe kuqala yiPalamente kwinkqubo karhulumente. Apha amagunya okuwisa bathunyelwa kuye. Kwakhona, omnye imigaqo engundoqo parliamentarism sele ezisisigxina. Wachaza abalungiseleli uxanduva kwiqumrhu elimele yowiso-mthetho.

Ngo-1727 iPalamente okokuqala eNgilani kwasekwa rhoqo party.

Ukuqala kuphuhliso parliamentarism eRashiya

inkqubo zepalamente - ngokuyintloko elinye lamaziko yedemokhrasi. kutshanje Ibonakele eRashiya. Kodwa nokuqala parliamentarism inokubonwa nkqu maxesha Kievan Rus. Enye abasemagunyeni kweli lizwe kwakukho i Chamber ethandwayo. Le ngqokelela liziko apho abantu ababandakanyekayo ekusombululeni iingxaki zentlalo. I Chamber akwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba bonke abemi simahla karhulumente Kievan.

Inqanaba elilandelayo yophuhliso parliamentarism eRashiya - na ukuvela kwi Zemsky Sobor. Badlale indima enkulu kwinkqubo yowiso. Zemsky Sobor yayiba nesamagumbi ezimbini. Njengenxalenye yale amagosa aphezulu ezo, abefundisi eziphezulu, amalungu le Boyar Duma. Emazantsi abameli anyuliweyo phakathi wabanumzana, baloo dolophu.

Kwixesha kamva kobukhosi ingundoqo yaqulunqa ingcamango parliamentarianism, kodwa kwakukho mthetho okhethekileyo, ongalawulekiyo uKhesare.

amazwe Parlamentizatsiya ngenkulungwane XX

Ukuqala kwe revolution 1905 ephawulwe lenguqu eli lizwe ukususela lobukhosi ukuya umyalelo siseko kunye ekuqaleni parliamentarism. Kulo nyaka, * uKhesare basayina nkqubo aphezulu. Bamisa indawo umzimba ummeli omtsha zakonosoveschatelnogo kweli lizwe - i-State Duma. Ukususela ngoko akukho senzo akazange angene amandla ngaphandle kwemvume yayo.

Ngowe-1906, iPalamente yamiselwa, ezibandakanya amagumbi amabini. Ezantsi - kaRhulumente Duma, kwaye top - IBhunga likaRhulumente. Zombini amagumbi besivalelwe phulo mthetho. iiprojekthi zabo ithunyelwa umlawuli. Indlu ephezulu emvelo lomzimba polupredstavitelnym. Enye nguSihlalo wayo wonyulwa kuKhesare, kunye nezinye anyuliweyo phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini, abefundisi, nabarhwebi ezinkulu, njalo njalo. D. Indlu asezantsi yaba uhlobo lomzimba ummeli.

Parliamentarism in Soviet Russia

Emva kokuba revolution Oktobha sele kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo endala kwamandla karhulumente. Ngelo xesha, ukuba zibe mbalwa ingcamango "parliamentarianism" ngokwayo. Bonke-Russian Congress of qumrhu - umzimba omtsha ephakamileyo kwamandla karhulumente yasekwa. Kuye kwasekwa ngokubamba unyulo, leyo wathabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela, ukususela sihlalo kwebandla lendawo. Kule nkqubo ummeli lamiselwa ukuze luninzi yaba abasebenzi, hayi abalimi. Le nkongolo akazange abasebenza isigxina. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngamalungu alo kunyulwe All-Russian Executive Committee of qumrhu. Utyando ngokusisigxina kwaye amagunya okuwisa imithetho yolawulo. Kamva Upper Council yasekwa. Eli gunya inemisebenzi mthetho anyulwe yi okuvota ngqo emfihlekweni.

Parliamentarism eRussia kwi langoku ixesha

UMgaqo-siseko ka-1993 eRashiya kwamiselwa inkqubo entsha kwamandla karhulumente. Namhlanje, ngokuba isakhiwo lizwe luphawulwa ngolawulo lomthetho kunye nendima aziintloko epalamente.

Ubume eNdibano Federal equka amagumbi amabini. Okokuqala - Council of the Federation, okwesibini - i-State Duma. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala indlu Russian asezantsi epalamente waqalisa ukusebenza ngo December 1993. Kwakugcwele kwamalungu 450.