Oyile emanzini: inkcazelo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nengxelo

Ukuntywiliselwa indlela ebona obungabonakaliyo iquka ukuqaliswa kwefowuni phakathi lens kanye into phantsi ulwelo eyodwa yokufunda. Inika isixhasi ukukhanya kunye nokwandiswa kwemida wokusondeza. Ngenxa yoko, le yinto kufutshane kakhulu kwaye sihlolisise zincinane sezulu, ngaphandle kokutshintsha iintsimbi. Ngako oko, ubhaptizo ulwelo kuthiwa. Le ezahlukeneyo iikhompawundi inokufana kuye. . Ethandwa kakhulu igqalwa ioli emanzini. Cinga iimpawu zayo zolwimi ngokunabileyo.

Overview

Le microscopy ukuntywiliselwa oyile yokuqala yangumsedare. Noko ke, waba ethile enye enkulu. Kunye nezakhi zawo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye akukho akukwazeki ukuba kufumaneke iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. ulwelo zangaphandle waqala izokhula kancinci (ukuya Ukuqinisa). Ngako oko, ukutshintsha kunye nesalathisi zokunganyangeki. . Kwinkulungwane yama-20 baqalisa ukuvelisa ioli ngokuntywiliselwa zokwenziwa. Kule ulwelo akukho ngokungabi ngasentla.

oyile ukuntywiliselwa: Imigangatho

fluid iparameters eziphambili zicwangciswa GOST 13739-78. обладает: Ngokomlinganiselo, ioli emanzini iye:

• zokunganyangeki Isalathisi nd = 1.515 ± 0,001;
• transmittance kuluhlu ecacicleyo ukusuka 500 ukuya 700 NM kwi esinobukhulu umaleko we-1 mm - 95%, ukusuka 400 ukuya 480 neenanometer - 92%;

, считается 20 градусов. Amaqondo obushushu kangangoko apho ioli emanzini, ingqalelo izidanga 20 zingasetyenziswa. Kukho kwakhona nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuhambelana ne-ISO 8036/1, isalathiso zokunganyangeki ka-1.518 + 0.0005, transmittance kwi umaleko we-10 mm lebanga ecacicleyo ukusuka neenanometer 500 ukuya 760 - 95%, kwaye 400 NM - 60%.

. Wathi parameters kunxibelelana oyile ngokuntywiliselwa non-ezibengezelayo. Xa ISO standard 8036-1 / 2 izalathi sizimisele zizizwe chweba. transmittance kuluhlu ecacicleyo ukusuka 500 ukuya 700 NM umaleko we-10 mm yi 95%, ukusuka 365 ukuya 400 neenanometer - 60%.

Ubunzima parameters ukungangqinelani

umahluko ubonwe kule migangatho ngasentla kunokukhokelela lomonakalo lens ezithile ngokusebenzisa ezinombono ngayo fluid. Ngenxa yoko:

1. Ukuncipha nshita ngenxa kukuvela aberration ukulenza.
2. Enemibala endle kwi into phantsi isifundo.
3. Le ukhanyiso kwi moya into kwaye bafunda kummandla ukuyilwa umfanekiso waso uba kolwabelo olungalinganiyo.
4. Lo mfanekiso uba imfiliba.

bokuqonda

iimikroskopu Optical abe qondo liphezulu ngamandla ukuxazulula kancinane izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwe-100. Kweli nqanaba, ilungeniselo zesifundo izibane uvavanyo kufuneka zibe kumgangatho ophezulu. Kungenjalo, umfanekiso eliphuma mnyama kangangokuba ingqalelo into nje akunakwenzeka. Isibakala sokuba refraction nokusasazeka ukukhanya kwenzeka phakathi iglasi isiciko kunye lens. oyile ukuntywiliselwa ikhuthaza ngakumbi wayo. Ngenxa yoko, umfanekiso icaca.

Iimpawu zokunganyangeki

Indlela ukufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo? I-bume eyahlukileyo ye refraction ukukhanya yenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-engile refraction semitha esibhakabhakeni kunye negilasi ezahlukileyo. Kwiqela lezifundo yokuqala kwimeko 1.0, le yesibini - 1.5. Le yeyona ngxaki iphambili.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ukunciphisa index zokunganyangeki ye kwimitha wabadluli into phantsi isifundo. Isibakala sokuba ulwelo enye parameters njengoko kweglasi. Oku kukhokelela eliphakathi yohlobo olunye phakathi yesilayidi kunye ilens, kwaye uninzi ukukhanya edlula into engena isixhobo. Ngoko ke ufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo.

nemiba yobugcisa

Ngokuqhelekileyo, lenses oonokrwece eyenzelwe ngokuntywiliselwa langoku mfanekiso Oli. Le nto kakhulu iyasetyenziswa xa kufuneka yomgodi 1.0 okanye ngaphezulu. Loo "ukuntywiliselwa" lens zisetyenziselwa ngokuntywiliselwa ngqo ulwelo. Kulo mba, ukuba uphawu ngokupheleleyo. Oku inika ukhuseleko phezulu nxamnye oyile umonakalo lenses.

ngezigaba

Nto ithetha ukuba, viscosities ezimbini kusetyenziswa oli: phezulu (uhlobo B) kwaye asezantsi (A). Amaxesha amaninzi phezu package ungafumana ulwazi malunga index zokunganyangeki. оэффициент преломления которого равен 1.515. Umzekelo, ubhaptizo ukukhululwa oyile (100 ml), apho isalathisi zokunganyangeki ngu 1,515 oeffitsient. Ulwelo ukuba viscosity ephantsi, lisetyenziswa nesithuba somoya, yaye aphezulu - kunye condensers.

Imiqathango yosetyenziso

Ukuze ufumane i umfanekiso ecacileyo into, kufuneka ulandele izikhokelo ngendlela elula:

1. Fumana ukufunda sifundo isityibilikisi phakathi endle ukukhulisa eliphantsi. Ukulungiselela le njongo lens a ratio encinane.
2. Vula ajikelezayo isixhobo.
3. Faka amaxesha 100 ilens semo.
4. Beka nethontsi ioli phezu iglasi kwisilayidi, owesibini - phezu lens.
5. Lungisa umgama yokusebenza ekugxilwe entle de umfanekiso ocacileyo nto.

Emsebenzini kuyimfuneko ukuba silumke. Kubalulekile ukuthintela umoya ukuba angene phakathi iglasi isiciko kunye lens.

Oil ukuntywiliselwa "MiniMed"

Kulwelo kusetyenziswa xa esebenza lens achromatic kwaye apochromatic naluphi na udidi lwezixhobo, ukongeza Flourescent. Ngokutsho kweengcali, sebenzisa le oli emanzini, isiphathele eziliqela iipropati luncedo. Ulwelo kuphucula ukubonakala into, kunciphisa ilitha, ukulahlekelwa ukukhanya aberrations ezamehlo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile enkulu kakhulu iindlela zokhetho izixhobo.

izinto zokucoca

Emva kokusebenza ngeoli ukuntywiliselwa kufuneka ivathisiwe icebo. Ukucoca iqalise ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuba owomileyo lens. coca iphepha lens le isetyenziselwa zokususwa zeentsalela ioli. Amagqabi asongwe into ihlanjululwa, onke eglasini. iphepha Lens ulumanzisa isisombululo ekhethekileyo ukususa neoli eseleyo.

ulwazi zembali

Sisazinzulu sokuqala ukuchaza indlela ubhaptizo, ukuba uRobert Guk. Ngowe-1678 wapapasha incwadi yakhe Microscopium, apho zonke iinkcazo banikwe. Ngowe-1812, ubhaptizo kuye kwandululwa njengendlela yokulungisa lens aberration. Umbhali ingcamango UDavide Byuster. Phantse ngo-1840 kuye kwaveliswa iilensi ingxenye yokuqala. UMdali wabo le DB Amici. Ekuqaleni, njengoko ulwelo emanzini, abaphengululi kusetyenziswa ioli nedile. Isalathisi zokunganyangeki wayesondele loo ngeglasi.