Owasungula le Tomas Kuk nokhenketho. Uphuhliso ukhenketho, imbali kunye nempumelelo

Xa imihla yethu zehambo kwamanye amazwe waba everyday into. Ukuze ukuba aye nayiphi oluphezu umhlaba, wena kufuneka ulungiselele kuphela isixa esithile semali kwaye kufuna wokuhamba. Thina ngoko kusetyenziswa ingqikelelo "zokhenketho 'Bacinga ukuba olu hlobo lwe holide kudala zikho. Noko ke, nguwe kanye kwiminyaka-170 kuphela. Tourism wabonakala eNgilani Julayi 5, 1841. Namhlanje siza kuthetha umseki wayo kunye nembali impumelelo yale ndoda, ogama - Tomas Kuk. Umsunguli kwezokhenketho uye waphila ubomi umdla kakhulu. Yebali lempumelelo yakhe umdla kakhulu.

Imvelaphi kunye ebuntwaneni Cook

Cook baqala ubomi ubuhlwempu, kwakunye kwi amaninzi noosomashishini ezinkulu ezifana Thomas Lipton, Walt Disney, Dzhon Rokfeller. Bonke bephela njengoko umntwana anyamezele ubunzima. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto baba ngabantu okhuthazekileyo nempumelelo. UYise Thomas wafa xa abaselula kakhulu. Emva kokufa kwakhe, ukukhulisa Cook baxoxa nobaba. Wabaphatha inkwenkwe unyana wakhe.

Usapho akazange abe nemali eyaneleyo, ngoko uTomas uneminyaka-10 waqalisa ukusebenza. Waba ngumfundi kwi-myezo. Inkwenkwe efunyenweyo 6 leedenariyo ngeveki ngomsebenzi wakhe. Xa wayeneminyaka 14, got a umsebenzi kwivenkile nokuchwela. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-19, uThomas umhlala ukusuka apho. Nangona omninzi enzima, waba ixesha elincinane free uThomas asetyenziswa ukuya esikolweni, esibe weemonki. Ulwazi wafumana apha banceda kakhulu Cook kamva ebomini.

Ubhaptizo Cook, umsebenzi wobuvangeli

Ukholo wayengomnye abaqhubi ezingundoqo zempumelelo Cook. Ngowe-1826, xa ndandineminyaka eli-17, wabhaptizwa waza waba umbhaptizi. Lo mfana yaqala ukubhala ebonakalayo yemihla ngemihla umbhaptizi. Kwakhona wafundisa kwisikolo seCawe, wafundisa kummandla wedolophu Loughborough (wahlala apho), kwakunye kwiilali ezikufutshane.

Thomas Cook uthanda umsebenzi wobuvangeli esebenzayo. Yena wazisa lo mfana a lot of awayeqhelene. Ngaphezu koko, uye wafumana ngenxa leedenariyo zakhe 10 ngeveki, leyo ingqalelo ngexesha ingeniso elungileyo. Noko ke, umBhaptizi fund umbutho ekupheleni kuka-1830 sele yomile, noTomas kwafuneka ukufumana omnye umthombo impilo.

Umtshato, umsebenzi kumasifundisane, ngesibhambathiso, benesidima

Cook wagqiba ukuqhubeka ukuba abandakanyeke joinery. Kwidolophu encinane, ebekwe ecaleni Loughborough, wathabatha off ivenkile yakhe ukuchwela. Hi ndlela leyi, uTomas apha awuwedwa. Wayizisa naye Marian Mayson, umfazi oselula, naye Cook wadibana ngelixa ukufunda esikolweni seCawe.

Thomas, nangona umsebenzi nzima studio, waqhubeka ukuba benze umsebenzi wobuvangeli. Ukongeza, yena Sasizabalaza sisilwela abophe utywala. Ngowe-1833, Tomas Kuk wathabatha isifungo, benesidima.

Cook waba Unobhala Society of abstainers

Cook masifundisane ekupheleni kuka-1836 waqalisa ukuba baphumelele. Anokuyiqesha abancedisi. Ngelo xesha Tomas Kuk waba unobhala yenkampani non-zewayini. Lo mbutho baqhube imisebenzi yayo Harboraf. Emva kwale ukungaphumeleli promotion utywala Thomas waqalisa ukuba esebenzayo ngakumbi. Yena waqala ukupapasha eli phephancwadi "ngenyanga Gazette of benesidima" ngo-1839. Emva konyaka, uThomas eqala ngenxa okukhutshwa yokuqala kweli lizwe, eli phephancwadi abantwana, nabo eyayisingethe ukwala utywala.

Amalungiselelo uhambo lokuqala

Xa, ngo-1840, Tomas Kuk wafumanisa ukuba kaloliwe wavula, nto leyo iya kubanjwa phambi kwidolophu yakhe, wagqiba ukuba oku ithuba wakhe, ukuba enze into ukuze ukukhuthaza benesidima. Thomas wagqiba kwelokuba baqeshe uloliwe ukuthatha e Loughborough nabo. Kwakukho ukuba kubanjwa Congress of abstainers Central England Association (counties ekumazantsi). Tomas Kuk weza nayo yonke uxanduva kunye unyawo kwesi sigqibo.

Okokuqala, wathetha ngalo uhambo imincili ezayo, uJohn Fox, Bell, unobhala yoluntu kaloliwe, kuxhotyiswa ngomdla. Waze wavuma ukuhlawula iindleko eziyimfuneko preliminary. Okwesibini, Cook elungiselelwe kuhle kakhulu uhambo olulandelayo. Thomas yalungiselela inkqubo yenkcubeko kunye nezondlo e Loughborough, woshicilelo basasaze amatikiti kunye neepowusta. Ngaphezu koko, wagqiba ukuba kuphelele kwidolophu ekhaya. Cook wathumela kwezinye iindawo kwi isimemo uhambo. Ndingade ndithi elungiselela yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuze ukuphumelela nkampani Cook.

Tourism Usuku lokuzalwa

Ngoko ke, ngoJulayi 5, 1841 570 abantu baya Loughborough. Bayithabatha iimoto ezilithoba kololiwe. Olu suku ithathwa ngemini yokuzalwa kokhenketho ngokombono layo ngoku. Olo hambo yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Cook waphefumlelwa waza wagqiba ekubeni alungiselele uhambo entsha. Ngokomzekelo, wayesoloko waqhuba nohambo amahlwempu. ixabiso lazo libe eliqina idenariyo-1 kuphela, nabantwana - 6 leedenariyo. Cook mgaqo usisiseko ukufumana iinzuzo ezinkulu kwinamba inkulu abantu elona xabiso lisezantsi.

Ukunyamekela zava abathengi

Ngaphandle yokuba hambo ngalinye sele icwangciswe ngobunono, omnye iinkalo eziphambili impumelelo Cook kukuba yena buqu inxaxheba kule uhambo. Abantu abaninzi bahamba ngololiwe okokuqala yaye babengazi ukuba yintoni ekufanele siyenze nendlela baziphathe. Tomas Kuk usiyale bonke bephela kwaye wanyamekela malunga nokwenza njengento tofotofo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

ulawulo yesivumelwano noololiwe

Emva kwexesha elithile, kunye ukuthandwa nokukhula okuhamba kunye nokwanda kwenani abathengi, Cook utyikitye isivumelwano kunye nolawulo bakwaloliwe. Phantsi kwale mvumelwano sivunyiwe isaphulelo ebalulekileyo. UThomas wada weza isilogeni othi: "! Iziporo - izigidi" Izimiso phantse zonke iingcingo, imiqobo kunye storefronts.

Ukukwazi 'ukubamba igagasi "

Ukubanako Cook, "Kubanjwa Wave" ibeyinto ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo kwinkampani yakhe. Ixesha lokuqala umsebenzi esibalulekileyo isiganeko uTomas kwenzeka ngo-1840. Ngeli xesha, iimanyano zabasebenzi ukuba umsebenzi wanikwa iholide yonyaka. Abantu abaye bafumana oko, asazi ukuba benze ntoni ngexesha lenu. Ke ngoko uTomas wathi kubo yokuchitha nomtsalane.

ngoko Cook akha iindlela zokhenketho eSkotlani. Apha waya abathandi imisebenzi noRoberta Bernsa kunye Valtera Skotta. Phantse wonke umhlali waseNgilani ufunde la ababhali ngexesha kwaye ngokupapasha ukubala eyenziwe Cook, loo nto ilungile. Wonke umntu ufuna ukutyelela buqu iindawo eziye echazwe imisebenzi lwaba babhali.

Thomas wavula kuqala ukuhlola iinqaba ezinde basebukhosini. Yintoni ebonakala kuthi namhlanje into njengesiqhelo, xa waba mbuso ukwazi yoluntu. Alizange ukuba Tomas Kuk. iitshekhi zabahambi njenge uhlobo yesixhobo mali, ngasendleleni, naye, weza nayo.

Ukukwazi 'ukubamba incum yomtshangatshangiso, "yaye lonke ixesha ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha ngomnye wemiba ephambili baduma kunye nophuhliso Cook. Asiyi ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha zonke iifomu ukuba balungiselele ngayo ngumrhwebi. Kwanele athi yena kwakhona uye waphumelela ku "vula" ilizwe labo IsiNgesi (Ireland, eWales, eSkotlani, Isle of Man). Kodwa hayi kuphela - lonke Europe, isahlulo sakhe emhlabeni ongcwele, iMelika India afakwa iindlela zokhenketho Cook.

Hi ndlela leyi, i-arhente yesebe, zidalwe nguye ( "Thomas Cook noNyana") eUnited States okhokelwa ngunyana wakhe Dzhon Meyson Cook. Phawula Tven wayengomnye abathengi kuqala. Wabongoza umongameli ukuba Siphe le nkampani. Uyavuma, ukuba lukhulu ithi!

Thomas Cook Guides

"Discovery" Cook ayipheli apho. Yaba nguye lowo lokuqala bathatha ukupapashwa ezincwadini. Bona iinkcukacha iingongoma eziphambili umdla, banikwa ingcebiso ngendlela baziphathe kwilizwe elithile okanye isixeko. Ukongeza, Tomas Kuk wapapasha lowu ebizwa ngokuba "Tripper". Wenyuka waya kokuqhambuka Second World War. Eli phephancwadi yaba yeyokuqala elolu hlobo.

A uhambo eMecca

Indima Thomas Cook xa kuphuhliso ukhenketho ayipheli apho. Ngowe-1878, lo somashishini ubuyeleyo iRhuluneli-General of India. Wacela ukuba ukuvula ingakumbi amaSilamsi indlela entsha kwezokhenketho - kusiyiwa eMecca. Kakade ke, olo hambo lwaba yimpumelelo. Emva koko, ikomkhulu yenkampani Cook, ibekwe eLondon, wavula isebe elitsha ngokukodwa abalambele.

tour World

Le nkampani "Thomas Cook noNyana" lo umqhubi Uhambo lokuqala, esetyenziswa kwezothutho kwamaziko kubathengi mboni. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1919. Tomas Kuk walungelelanisa yokuqala ngeenxa zonke tour yehlabathi kwiminyaka 1872-73. Ubude bexesha kwakhe iintsuku 222. Abahambi ngeli xesha ndeyisayo 25 lamawaka eemayile. Ukubhiyozela umjikelo umhla ngokuqinileyo Cook ngo-1991 amalungiselelo uhambo ehlabathini lonke. Eli xesha wathabatha kwiintsuku ezingama-34 kuphela kuye.

Status Cook neendlalifa zakhe

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlawule irhafu ukuya kokubona usomashishini osakhasayo, ukukwazi kwakhe lokuhlolisisa iinkcukacha, ukuqikelela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Xa umseki lwezokhenketho, wafa (kwathi ngo-1892), ubutyebi bakhe lwaluqikelelwa ukuba isixa esikhulu - 2497 uneemina. Akukho embi umntu owaqala ukusebenza leedenariyo nje 6 ngeveki. ishishini likayise waqhubeka yi Dzhon Meyson Cook. Wafa kwiminyaka 7 kamva, eshiya ilifa kulo propati, apho liqikelelwa kwi uneemina 663.534. Emva kokufa kwakhe, ityala yathathwa yi-abazukulwana - UThomas Albert, Ernest Edward kunye Frenka Genri. Inzala uTomas belilelakhe inkampani de kuye ekupheleni kuka-1920. Emva koko, ulawulo inkampani yathathwa yi-Association of mashishini.

Kuka namhlanje

Kwaye ngexesha lethu, ishishini achumayo, eyaqala ukuya Tomas Kuk. umqhubi Tour, zidalwe ngaye, namhlanje nkampani sikhulu kakhulu njengabahloniphekileyo kwicandelo lokhenketho British Isles. Iimpawu zoqoqosho wesibini inkampani eYurophu ehlabathini - owesithathu. Kwi-UK, kwakunye nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi kukho ngaphezu kwewaka-arhente yaso. Ngoku inkampani abantu abangaphezulu kwama-16 amawaka. Abasebenzi.

Hi ndlela leyi, eRashiya kukho kakhulu yinkampani oselula "Intourist -. Tomas Kuk ' Oku kubangelwa yokudibanisa amaqela amabini, endala entsimini yayo. "Intourist" wasekwa ngo-1929. Yasekwa ngenxa ngokudibana nkampani isebenza kwinkonzo noosomashishini amazwe kunye nabakhenkethi kwaye inikeza uluhlu yohambo ngamnye kunye neqela eSt Petersburg, eMoscow, izixeko emantla Russian kunye Golden Ring, njl Company "Intourist -. Tomas Kuk 'eMoscow ise e travel Donskoy 5th, ukwakha-15 (p. 5). Kodwa hayi kuphela elikomkhulu, kukho inkampani enxulumene ne igama hero yethu. Nakwezinye izixeko zelizwe lethu, ungafumana umbutho, "Tomas Kuk 'apho ubonakala kakuhle kwisihloko. Murmansk - omnye wabo.