Ovogenesis - inkqubo ukubunjwa amaqanda. Spermatogenesis kunye oogenesis

Naluphi na uphindaphindo okanye nokukotshwa inzala ehlabathini - le yenye mission ibalulekileyo kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni. Le nkcazelo mfuza udlule kubazali kwinzala, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ixesha elide ukuba ziphazamise ugqatso lwakhe. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga nokuzala kwabantu. Cinga izinto ezifana spermatogenesis kunye oogenesis. Apho inkqubo yokuzalela kuqala? Kakade ke, kunye kwii-iiseli inkunzi ibe ababhinqileyo. abazange beze bevela phi? Thina abanomdla inkqubo gametogenesis. Ovogenesis - yinkqubo ezilandelanayo yemfundo ye iiseli ababhinqileyo okuzala. Spermatogenesis - ukuyilwa inkunzi cell ngesondo. Siza kujongana namhlanje, yintoni ukufana kunye nomahluko ezi nkqubo.

iqanda

Sele ekhankanywe ukuba ovogenesis - yinkqubo yokuzala iiseli ababhinqileyo lokuzala, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "qanda." Sinikezela ukuthetha kancinci malunga nokuba yintoni kwaye yintoni umsebenzi olwenziwa. A ngamafuphi isakhiwo eqandeni.

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, iqanda - iseli sex, nto leyo iba imilo ajikelezayo. Mayibe nobu zonke izondlo kuyimfuneko, ngokuba umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuqinisekisa uphuhliso ephilayo ukususela ekudalweni ifakwe. Njengazo naziphi na ezinye iseli, iqanda kweli ziko iqulethe nucleus. Ehlabathini engundoqo kunye iseti haploid zofuzo ukuba kukho icytoplasm. Y i iqanda kunye nwebu yokhuselo - isithsaba unyulu. Eli gama, eliqokobe kwaba ngenxa yokuba iquka inani elikhulu villi encinane.

Kufutshane olungundoqo amiliswe ngenxa meiosis komnye umzimba encinane, kodwa ukuyilwa weseli ubungakanani ezincinane kakhulu. Kuzo zonke, intombazana olusana stock kukho malunga nezigidi amaqanda. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, abaninzi kubo kufa. De kube mzuzu kwinqanaba lokufikisa, kukho malunga nama-300 amawaka kuphela, yaye ovulation malunga 400 kubo. Yintoni na ezinye? Baya kufa nje, kwaye ke ixesha zivuthwe.

Sicebisa ukuba baxoxe inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "oogenesis". Oku nokuvuthwa le gametes ababhinqileyo kakhulu. Masiqalise khona ngoku.

ovogenesis

Ovogenesis - lo ukuyilwa gametes ababhinqileyo. Nangoko oko kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba ezanyisayo, uqala ngaphambi kokuba azalwe emhlabeni, oko kukuthi Esibelekweni. Phambi kokuba Unalungelo kwaye abonakalisa zonke izigaba oogenesis, achonge injongo ephambili yale nkqubo. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi:

• ngaphakathi kwinucleus beqanda kufanele abunjwe iseti haploid zofuzo;
• saneliseke elilodwa phambi kwezondlo.

Ngaba ngoko nangoko niqaphele ukuba inkqubo ovogenesis ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka spermatogenesis, uya kuqaphela ngawo.

Ngoko ovogenesis sigaba zezi zilandelayo:

• nokuzala;
• ukukhula;
• ekukhuleni.

Inqanaba lokuqala lenzeka esibelekweni. Intombazane sele kukho inani elikhulu leeseli ekwakuphila lwegciwane, ngelo kwesi sigaba zezi: primordia okanye imibungu. Ezi iqanda elizayo ixakeke kakhulu ukulahlula, ngoko kukho beqokelela oogonia. Bandisa kule nwebu cortical. It oogonia angemi zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko, ezizezi:

• protein;
• amafutha;
• glucose.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi oogonia kwiiseli lwegciwane? Bona ezinkulu ubukhulu. ukufana yabo ixhomekeke kwinto yokuba izakhi zofuzo ezifanayo.

Ngokufutshane cinga isigaba sesibini, siza kubona ukuba kuyenzeka kwakhona ekuzalweni intombazana. Ngoku ukusuka oogonia wambumba oocytes yomyalelo yokuqala. Ubungakanani eli candelo yehliswe kakhulu, kodwa oocytes ningazuza ngokukhawuleza ubunzima lwabo. iqanda Further ikusasa Preservation elide ngokohlobo oocytes prophase. Ngoku kukho malunga nezigidi ezibini, kwaye ziza kuphuhliswa oocytes malunga 400 kuphela.

Yinkalo yokugqibela kwenzeka emva isixa esikhulu ixesha (malunga 11-12 iminyaka, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu). Kweli nqanaba, uqala uphuhliso wayo ozakube usaqhutywa yenye oocytes ezigcinwe. Umphumo iya kufika ngenyanga.

isidoda

Siye safumanisa ukuba xa oogenesis kuyilwa ababhinqileyo cell ngesondo ngokuba iqanda. hamba ngoku uye spermatogenesis kunye neeseli lwegciwane eyindoda. Ngoko ke, ngokuba koqhubekeko uhlanga lwabantu ufuna iperi iqanda, onako ukwenza umgquba. Isidoda - oku isiqingatha kuyimfuneko.

Kulo eyindoda, isidoda unokuba izigidi ezininzi, njengoko kuchasene iqanda emzimbeni ababhinqileyo. Benza:

• ukusuka entloko;
• entanyeni;
• phakathi;
• umsila filamentous.

Xa isidoda zifike iqanda, nomsila wayo, ilungelo ukuhamba, iyapheliswa. Emva koko iiseli yintsholongwane imazi adlulisele kuye nje intloko yobudoda, ekubeni uthwele impahla yemfuza. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iqokobhe kweqanda womelele kakhulu, ngoko ke intloko acrosome sperm apho. Iqulethe into eyodwa, onako zokulichitha ndizayo. Ubungakanani weseli zomntu sokuzala iimillimitha 0.05km kuphela, ngoko ukuze ndiyibone, ufuna esinamandla.

spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis kunye oogenesis - ukuba iinkqubo amahle efanayo. Amanyathelo okuqala zezi zilandelayo:

• nokuzala;
• ukukhula;
• nokwanda;
• ukwakheka.

In inyathelo yokuzala amiliswe phezu spermatogonia iwaka ngokwahlula malunga ezilishumi ngalinye amaxesha. Ngexesha kwisahlulo anciphisa izondlo.

Ngexesha lokukhula kwabo ukwandisa kakhulu ngobukhulu. Yeyona inguqu isigaba ukukhula luyenzeka spermatocytes spermatogonia ukuze yokuqala.

Xa Inyathelo 2 ngokucandeka nokwanda kwenzeka:

• meiosis (ngenxa sibe spermatocytes umyalelo 2nd);
• mitosis (kwasekwa spermatids).

Ngexesha ukuyilwa spermatids ezidibana kunye neenkqubo iseli, kunye amadlozi ndakubumba. Xa ukugqiba nokudaleka, i inzuzo ukuhamba.

ukufana

Kufuneka ngoko nangoko makuqatshelwe kuqala oogenesis ukufana kunye spermatogenesis - zombini iinkqubo eziyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe, ukukhula kunye ekukhuleni gametes, okwendoda nokwenkazana. Nangona kule nkqubo kukho ukufana ezininzi, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuchonga ezinye iiyantlukwano.

Enye inkalo eqhelekileyo phantse zigaba efanayo inkqubo (in spermatogenesis ngaxa lithile ngaphezulu). Amanyathelo ngokubanzi:

• nokuzala;
• ukukhula;
• ekukhuleni.

Iimpawu ezi zigaba, siye saxubusha iinkcukacha ngasentla. Sichubeka ukuba umahluko.

umahluko

Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba sibe iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kunye oogenesis kunye spermatogenesis, oogenesis elungelelene enjalo, njengoko lokusekwa iiseli ababhinqileyo lokuzala kunye spermatogenesis - eyindoda. Njengoko sele uqaphele, kwinkqubo ukuyilwa spermatozoa ngaxa lithile ngaphezu ukuyilwa eqandeni. Eyokuqala nayo iqonga ukwakheka, ngelixa oogenesis kweli nyathelo akufuneki.

inkqubo ovogenesis iqala amantombazana esizalweni, kunye spermatogenesis iqala emakhwenkweni abaphumelele wayeneminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Le yenye umahluko.

Umahluko wokugqibela linani elikhulu iiseli lwegciwane eyindoda njengokuba kuthelekiswa kumabhinqa. Oku kuchazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: iqanda ufumana enye kuphela iseli isidoda malunga 200 ezigidi.