Olga Konstantinovna chehova, nee Knipper: biography kunye PIU le umdlali

Ngaba abaninzi uyazi ukuba ngubani lo Olga Konstantinovna chehova? TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) iqulathe inkcazelo emfutshane malunga mfazi. Yintoni esiyaziyo ngaye? Olga yaseChekhov - a njengokhozo omkhulu Stanislavsky kunye movie star. Yena ke umfazi womntakwabo uCo- Anton yaseChekhov. Ngelo xesha omnye waba webhaleyi prima lwe Wesithathu kunye othandwayo Adolf Hitler. Kwelinye icala, oko kuthathwa arhente yesicelo. Yena - eyimfihlakalo lokwenene legend zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kuyinto Kulusizi ukuba ixesha elide igama lakhe zicinezelwa ... wenza njani ubomi Olgi Konstantinovny Chehovoy? Family, abantwana, engobomi - konke oku kuye sasingumba ukubuyekeza yethu. Ngoko ke masiqale.

Usapho Russified baseJamani

Olga Konstantinovna chehova (Nee Knipper) - 1897 unyaka wokuzalwa. Wazalwa kwi Alexandropol eArmenia. Waye ogama lakhe behlonipha kumakazi wam, umdlali odumileyo Olga Knipper. Njengokuba le yokugqibela yaba umfazi umbhali okuqaqambileyo Anton yaseChekhov.

Abazali iinkwenkwezi ikusasa Russified baseJamani. Ngoko ke, ookhokho babo babehlala Saarbrucken eJamani.

Utata engineer. Kwathi ke wakha omnye bakwaloliwe yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Xa Ola omncinane wayeneminyaka emibini ubudala, Knipper intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Tsarskoye Selo.

Ngokutsho memoirs le actress, oku apho wayedla badlale kunye nenzala yasebukhosini.

umfundisi Stanislavsky

Ngo Tsarskoye Selo wayethandana Olga UErich Hollerbach. Ngaloo mihla ke umhlalutyi odumileyo zobugcisa. Noko ke, eli bali uthando akafumani na phambili. Inyaniso yokuba ngo-1910 Knipper intsapho iye kwakhona ndafudukela kwesinye isixeko. Ngoku - eli xesha Petersburg.

Esikolweni, Olga wafunda kakhulu engabalulekanga. Lafumana amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kwi izifundo ezinxulumene zobugcisa. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngowe-1914, abazali wagqiba ukuthumela kuye eMoscow ukuze kukaZwilakhe ngakumbi loo mbandela. In Pervoprestolnoj wayehlala umakazi wakhe, umhlolokazi Antona chehova.

Ngaloo ndlela, waqalisa ukuya kwiiklasi volnoslushatelnitsey istudiyo wokubonelwa e Moscow Art Theatre. Umfundisi wokuqala okuqaqambileyo K. Stanislavsky.

umtshato wokuqala

Kwesi sikolo, Olga bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza. Yimpumelelo yena uthabathe inxaxheba yimveliso ezininzi yodumo yokuba utitshala wakhe, phakathi apho i "Odade abathathu" yaye "I-Cherry Orchard."

Emva kwexeshana yena wavuka kunye nendima Ophelia ngo "Hamlet". Kwaye ke umlinganiswa ophambili eyadlalwa uMikhail yaseChekhov, lowo umtshana yombhali odumileyo.

Baye basungula ezothando ovuthuzayo. Nangona yena ukuba uthando Olga, Michael nomzala Ivan. Kodwa weqonga wagqiba ekubeni ayeke ngoko nangoko ulwalamano, yaye ngoSeptemba 1914 Olga, Michael satshata ngasese. Bathi igama layo elitsha ngaphezu neqhayiya. Nkqu kule minyaka akazange ayikatshintshi.

UMikhail yaseChekhov waba ngumlawuli kunye notitshala obalaseleyo. EUnited States, wadala isikolo sakhe drama. abafundi bakhe kwakukho Marlon Brando, Dzheyms Din, Yul Brynner, Pol Nyuman, uMarilyn Monroe kunye nezinye abadumileyo abaninzi.

I-zahlukane nenkqubo Mihailom Chehovym

Xa isibini sitshatile, Olga elinesixhenxe kuphela. UMikhail umfazi omdala iminyaka emithandathu. Ngowe-1916, esi sibini yabonakala, wesa kwizibulo - intombi Olga.

Umdlali oye bakwazi ukuqhubeka enza films cwaka. Umzekelo, wathabatha inxaxheba film "Cagliostro".

Kodwa nantsi umtshato ngokwawo phakathi uMikhail ne-Olga, ngelishwa, yangqineka nje ukusilela. Abayi ukuvana, yaye ekupheleni kuka-1917 wagqiba ekubeni ukuhamba.

Kodwa Olge Konstantinovne Chehovoy, ifoto apho unalo ithuba lokuba bona inqaku, unako ukusindisa kuphela igama elikhulu, kodwa ulwalamano oluhle kunye owayesakuba ngumlingane. Abayi musa ukukhangela emva elidlulileyo waza wagqiba ekubeni ukulibala malunga anyeliswe kwabo. Ngokufutshane, ngokwenene ungathanda ukuphila kuphela oku.

Ukongeza, Michael yaseChekhov wayebathanda kakhulu intombi yakhe. Kwiminyaka kamva, yena wafumana ilifa uyise - lokufuya kufutshane US isixeko San Francisco.

Uhambo eYurophu

Ngelo xesha, emva kokuba iziganeko ka-Oktobha 1917, ubomi obutofotofo kaOlga eyaguqukayo yaba esihogweni ophilayo. Ukondla intombi yakhe, kwanyanzeleka ukuba athengise zenkolo yakhe izinto zobuqu. Ke yena yindlala.

Ekuqaleni 1921 uye wafumana imvume evela kwabasemagunyeni ukuya uhambo lweeveki ezintandathu amazwe. Injongo yale hambo - sihlomelo zempilo. Ngoko ke, wagqiba ekubeni aye eJamani. Yena 23.

Kwaba khona ukuba kwakhona ukuba amalungiselelo ubomi wakhe. Waba ngumfazi a Friedrich Yaroshi ethile. Liyinyaniso elokuba, umtshato waba elifutshane elide kakhulu. Emva komtshato, wagqiba ekubeni azinikele ngokupheleleyo zobugcisa.

Bt le kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim German

Xa wayeneminyaka 24, yena wangenela kwi cinema eJamani. Sithetha ngalo cwaka film "I-Castle Fogeled". Kokuba kuboniswe kwenzeka ngo-Apreli 1921 kwaye yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Ukususela ngoko, waqala ukwenza rhoqo ezintandathu - imizobo ezisibhozo ngonyaka ngamnye.

Ngowe-1922 yena wathabatha inxaxheba ukudutyulwa film "Dance Round of Death". Lo mboniso yadla ogudileyo kakhulu. Ngokufutshane, Olga waqonda ababukeli isiJamani kunye bhanya, ukuba angathanda ukubona kwikhusi rhoqo kangangoko.

Emva kwethutyana, uOlga Konstantinovna chehova, aye ifunyenweyo abaphulaphuli zabo nombulelo, wayesele ebuyele phezu amisiweyo, kodwa ngoku wenza njengomlawuli. Awu, film yakhe "Pagoda" hayi iye yazuza impumelelo enkulu. Ngeli xesha, Olga ifumene ngabemi German kwaye, kakade, akusekho wacinga yokubuyela eSoviet Union.

luck awabulala. Ngoko ke, yena usayine isivumelwano nomnye zemiboniso Berlin kaThixo. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka 1924, eyayihamba kumama wam, dade nentombi.

Ngowe-1927, Olga wabonakala film "Ukutshisa umda." Phela, eli khasethi ziyafana kakhulu ikamva uMlawuli Adolf Hitler. Emva koko, kuya kusoloko ukumdumisa kule ndima.

Sekunjalo, ubuqaqawuli yokwenene umdlali wenza womzobo "Moulin Rouge", lwafotwa ngumlawuli yaseBritani.

Ke Olga ikwazile ukusebenza kunye itheyiphu emanyelwayo, leyo kuthiwa "Three ukusuka kwisikhululo igesi." Lo mfanekiso sele ezaziwa cinema yehlabathi.

Kwaye emva kokuba lo mboniso Olga Konstantinovna chehova ndaya eMelika. "UMariya" Hitchcock ngokwakhe wammema ukuba inkwenkwezi ifilimu yakhe. Ukuze sihlale eUnited States wenze umsebenzi of Hollywood actress - kuba ngokwenene wamlinga sipho. Kodwa wagqiba ekubeni kusekho ukubuyela eJamani. AmaJamani kufanele bakwazi ukuvavanya esi senzo.

Nolwazi uMlawuli

Ekuqaleni-30 Olga Chekhova-Knipper, iifoto leyo ibekwa nqaku wayesele inkwenkwezi yokwenene cinema German. Yaye 1933 beza igunya amaNazi. Ngenxa yoko, iphuma kwelo zwe waphuma kwaoko abalawuli ezininzi, ababhali, abadlali. Kodwa Olga wahlala. Ngokusemthethweni thaca kwi-uMlawuli, Goebbels kunye Himmler. Hitler wabiza actress yakhe bawathandayo ndihlanjwe kunye nezincomo. Yena axhasa naye ngazo zonke iindlela. Ngokutsho memoirs yaseChekhov, uHitler wayeyindoda oneentloni kwaye nzima. Noko ke, wayesoloko babeziphatha nabafazi kunye amiability Austria. Noko ke, akazange abone kuyo into "yeedemon" nezinomtsalane.

Koko SAVE ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba zibe kona enkhubyeni wa vukati lwaseburhulumenteni National Socialist. Wadibana ne uMussolini. Waye ulwalamano oluhle kunye sibini, Goering. Wadibana nayo noEva Braun, lowo ingqalelo wayengumnikazi uMlawuli. Hi ndlela leyi, amabhinqa ngaphezu abahlobo waza waqalisa ukuthetha qho.

ongumdlali National

Ngu th 1936 yaseChekhov waba ezininzi nokunikelwa kusuka zemidlalo ezahlukeneyo. Wayesondliwa yimpumelelo kakhulu. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu i-uMlawuli ligqibe babalelwe Olga isihloko "imeko umdlali III Empire."

Kulo nyaka yena waba eganelwe ngusozigidi Marcel Robins evela eBelgium. Noko ke, le umtshato ithe fiasco. Esi sibini waziqhekeza ngo 1938.

Ngowe-1937, i qembu eMoscow Art Ithiyetha baphum ezithathwa eFransi. Umhlolokazi Anton yaseChekhov wathabatha inxaxheba kolu hambo. amagosa Soviet wazinika ithuba ukubiza kwikomkhulu German ukubona nomtshana yakhe ayithandayo. Izalamane abazange bathethe iminyaka engamashumi amabini. Ngenxa yoko, Olga yaseChekhov ubambe negumbi lakhe brilliant kumakazi. Kodwa Olga Leonardovna yaba nematha. Umtshana wagqiba ukuthumela yona kwiinkokeli lwamaNazi. Goering wavuthulula izandla Umenywa kunye nomakazi wancuma. I-uMlawuli wayengekho kule ngophanziso. Kodwa wayibiza uxolo ngamandla ukuba angabi nako kuza ngenxa imicimbi engxamisekileyo karhulumente ...

Ekwindla yokuqala 1940, ngexesha Battle of Britain, umdlali wafika esisekweni Luftwaffe e eNormandy. Bandisa bagqiba ukubamba ekundleni wokuwonga elaa ongumdlali oyintanda. A ngenyanga kwikomkhulu French kwaphuma umba elandelayo enye iimpapasho eziliqela ezibalulekileyo, apho ifoto phambi-iphepha ehonjiswe SAVE engqongwe ngamajoni German.

Ngaphezu koko, emkhosini wamcela njengondwendwe kwi iikampu ka Lille kunye Brussels. Kwakhona abhalwe iingoma ukuba kwabangxwelerhiweyo kwi isibhedlela Tübingen.

Ekupheleni kuka-1940, yaseChekhov waba phakheji abathile evela uMlawuli. Kwakukho umfanekiso Hitler kunye nombhalo. inkokeli German kwakhona wamncoma italente yakhe.

phambi wasempumalanga

Xa Germany yamaNazi wagqiba ukuhlasela waseUSSR, Goebbels wabuza Czechs, yintoni ithemba kwi amajoni amaNazi ukuba zifake eMoscow. Umdlali akazange athandabuze, wathi, mhlawumbi, abayi kuphumelela. Noko ke, wongezelela wathi ukuba mhlawumbi waba engalunganga.

Ngelo xesha, umkhosi lwamaNazi ahlala kunye eCrimea. A Yalta waba r. N. "Belaya Dacha", apho ngelo xesha linye bahlala umbhali Anton yaseChekhov. Bathi ukuba awuzange utshatyalaliswe le ndlu kwaye kange wenzakala kuba umdlali esixhotyiswe ngokukodwa wabuza iinkokeli lwamaNazi ukugcina esi sakhiwo.

Impi yaqhubeka. Olga Konstantinovna chehova, ngobomi ekube lula kakhulu, bagqiba ekubeni bayeke ngezenzo kwi-Eastern Front. Kwathi xa kunomathotholo, yena wayesenza Ukuqamba ubuzwe, kodwa kuphela lyrics. Kwakhona Uqhuba ukubona. Kwaba e Prague, Munich, eVienna.

Ngokutsho imithombo engaqinisekiswanga, iSoviet counter-ingqondo uya ukutsala umdlali kwi kokubulawa i uMlawuli. Ngenxa yezizathu awukacaci, inkokeli wamaKomanisi iosif Stalin ngokobuqu yabagxeki esi sicwangciso.

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Olga K. Olga Knipper wasebenza jikelele nobuhlakani eSoviet. Ngenxa yoko, Sergo Beria kumaphepha incwadi yakhe ubhala ukuba yaseChekhov waba arhente eSoviet. Kodwa ke ubungqina obubhaliweyo okwangoku thaca.

Mhlawumbi kwaba yonke nje njalo. Xa kunjalo, kukho ulwazi ekuqaleni 1945, Himmler wayeza yokuphenya yaseChekhov. Xa kwafika amadoda akhe actress, babona ukuba mnandi ukusela iti kunye uMlawuli ngokwakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ukubanjwa akazange athathe indawo.

Yaye ngasekupheleni April, yaba edabini ingqukuva German ...

Primo abanjwe

Xa imfazwe yaphela kwindawo eyoyikekayo, kuba yaseChekhov weza amajoni eSoviet. Bafumanisa ukuba yena lowo, waza ke wabanjwa. Ekuqalekeni oko ngemibuzo eBerlin ze emva koko kwi-moya yomkhosi ithunyelwe elikomkhulu eSoviet Union. Apho wayehlala endlini enamagumbi amabini. Waye vala angaboni izalamane zabo. Ngamanye amazwi, kwaba sekunjalo banjwa.

Watyelela izikhulu Soviet. Bayizisa incwadi kuye, badlala naye wechess. Besathetha ngomculo, malunga bhanyabhanya, imidlalo yeqonga noncwadi. Kwaye ngoko waqalisa inyanga-emithathu ngemibuzo. Umdlali ayenzi nantoni na. Emva koko, ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1945, yaseChekhov wabuyiswa ukuze Berlin. usebenzisana yakhe kolawulo lwamaNazi, wadutyulwa wabanjwa. Kutheni - lo mbuzo usekho ayiphendulwanga ...

ngemva kwempi

Xa Olga K. Olga Knipper wabuyela Berlin, iye phantse akukho indlela yokuphila. Ngoku isimo sakhe zemali phantse yayingekabikho. Kwezi meko ezinzima uye wanceda udumo lwakhe abe ngumdlali weqonga. Yathi ngoko abaninzi wabuza iifoto zakhe kwimemori. Kuba oku yena wafumana ukutya kunye necuba.

Kwaye November 1945 iphephandaba eBerlin ebizwa ngokuba "Kurier", eyapapashwa yi-mandla zomkhosi French, ingxelo ukuba yaseChekhov bawongwa ibhaso liphezulu - Order of the Russian. Yaye wawongwa Stalin ngokwakhe. Lo myalezo iye beluphindwe eziliqela iincwadi ezaziwayo-kakuhle.

Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, yaseChekhov wagqiba ukuya eNtshona Jamani. Ngaphezu koko, akukho ukuchasa esi sicelo. Kwaba khona ukuba wakwazi ukuseka studio yakhe. Ngelishwa, le projekthi zange iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo kuba inkampani zawa.

Ke yaseChekhov wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele eqongeni. Ukongeza, waphinda waqala ukwenza iifilimu. Kwakhona kwakhona isigqibo sokwandisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi yayo.

Wathengisa kwakudala ukuba izacholo ukuvula inkampani entsha. Yena udale salon ubuhle ebizwa ngokuba "Cosmetics Olga yaseChekhov Gesellschaft". Phela, kule nkalo, iye yanceda i wonobuhle idiploma. Ngowe-1937 waba uchwepheshe yobungcali. IDiploma efunyenwe e Paris. Hi ndlela leyi, inkampani SAVE iye yaba yenye edumileyo eYurophu. Ngelo xesha kwakukho amasebe inkampani yakhe ... Ngoko, enye zokuzilungisa eMilan.

Ngasekupheleni 50 umdlali yena wasiphakamisa ebuhlanti. incwadi yakhe memoirs ngokuba "Andiqondi ukuwafihla!". Le mveliso kwakumnandi ithandwa enkulu.

kwelanga

Ngenxa yenkampani ingeniso yaseChekhov, enyanisweni, wakwazi ukufumana yobudala endilisekileyo ubudala

Ngowe-1962, yena lawongwa ngebhaso "Kangangeminyaka emininzi igalelo oluseleyo cinema waseJamani."

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yena wafuna ukuza eSoviet Union, ukuba ukuthetha, ekugqibeleni, kunye nezalamane zabo. Ke nina namkhanyela amagosa zakhe.

Kulo nyaka awaluphelisa ngayo umsebenzi wakhe kumabala emidlalo. Yena ngamashumi osixhenxe anesixhenxe. Yaye movie washiya elishumi ngaphambili. Hi ndlela leyi, movie yakhe ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala ngokuba "italente ukuze sonwabe." Ke kaloku, umdlali wayedlala kakhulu ngokwabo.

Ngowe-1972, abasemagunyeni waseJamani ziye zanikwa kuye Umnqamlezo "Kuba Merit".

Kwaye nje kuse ebudaleni wayemthanda Wamkhwelisa emva kwevili. Nangona umqhubi yakho abenayo. imoto yakhe endimthandayo a BMW.

Ukufa ongumdlali

Yena wafa ngowe-1980. Oogqirha unesifo somhlaza engqondweni. Yena wafa eneminyaka engama-83. ongumdlali Great wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni eMunich.

Ngowe-1997, kwisithili eBerlin kaThixo Spandau imbeko yaseChekhov ukhankanywe kwesitalato.

Olga Konstantinovna chehova (iminyaka yobomi: 1897 - 1980) yaye wasinda ukufa intombi yakhe. Yena ingqubene kwingozi moya kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu.

Mzukulu SAVE waba ngumdlali weqonga.

Nowokugqibela. Enye mizobo Olgi Chehovoy ebizwa ngokuba "Lo mntu bafuna ukuhlala kabini." Kuyabonakala ukuba, yena ngoko ndikwazile ukuphila kwiindawo ezimbini, ubomi ezimbini. Omnye wayehlala e eJamani, enye - in Russian ...