Ukufakwa kwepom ukutshisa. Indlela yokukhetha nokudibanisa ipompo

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo yokufudumala, kufuneka ukuba ukhethe phakathi kokufaka iipayipi ezinkulu okanye ukufaka izixhobo zokupompa. Iingeniso zolu hlobo lokugqibela luyabonakala.

Iipompu zotshisa zokutshisa - le yindlela eqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezindlu ngeenkqubo ezizimeleyo zanamhlanje. Ukukhetha kwisethi yamanyathelo kwimarike yona nto iphezulu, unako ukwandisa ukutshintshwa kobushushu kwenkqubo, ukugcina amandla, nokukhusela ukuphazamiseka kwamandla kunye nokuphazamiseka. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha indlela yokukhetha nendlela yokuxhuma ipom ngokuchanekileyo.

Idivayisi kunye nobuchwepheshe

Ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba uthenge izixhobo zokupompa, kufuneka ufumane isixhobo sayo. Iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• I-Compressor (inikwe amandla ngamandla).
• Umqhubi.
• Evaporator.
• Thermostat.
• Freon.

Ngaphantsi kwengcinezelo, i-freon ingena kwi-evaporator, apho ikhupha khona, ithatha ubushushu kwi-grate yangaphakathi ye-evaporator. I-evaporator, kwakhona, ithatha amandla okushisa emanzini okanye kumhlaba. I-compressor iphakamisa ubushushu befriji ye-evaporator, icinezela. I-freon egxininiswe ingena kwi-condenser, apho idlulisela ubushushu kwisiphaluka sokushisa kwaye iyaba ngumbane. Le nkqubo iqhubekayo.

Umthombo wamandla

Ukuze ungenzi iphutha xa ukhetha umpompo wokuhambisa , kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba eso sixhobo sichazwe kwiintlobo ezi-ezintathu eziphambili. Ukwahlukana kwabo yimithombo yamandla: amanzi, umoya nomhlaba.

Utywala

Kuza kube yimhla, inkqubo ephethe umthombo wamandla, njengamanzi, ithandwa kakhulu kwaye isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Njengoko umthombo ungasetyenziselwa njengendlela yokunikezela kwamanzi, kunye nequla-indawo, ilitye, umlambo.

Umoya

E-Rashiya, izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisebenza ngendleko yomoya. Olu khetho kulula ukuguqulela ngokwenene.

Ground

Inkqubo, esebenza ngeendleko zamandla omhlaba, kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokusebenza, kukhethwa ukufaka izicelo kubanikazi bezindlu zangasese. Ihluke ekuzinzileyo, kuba udidi lweqondo lokushisa kweqondo lomhlaba lugqibekanga lungaxhomekeke kwiinguqu ezinamandla.

Uhlobo lokwakha

Ukwenza ukukhethwa kwepom kufudume ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka uhlawule ingqwalasela enjengehlobo lokwakha. Iipompo zihlulwe zibe zixhobo kunye ne-rotor emanzi.

I-rotor eyomileyo

Amadivaysi ane-rotor eyomileyo ayabandakanywa kwi-liquid, ephoswe. Ziye zibonakaliswe ngezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza ngokuthelekiswa ne-rotor emanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakwa kwepom ukufudumala nge-rotor eyomileyo inobunzima. Ngenxa yengxolo ephakamileyo yenziwe ngumsebenzi we-rotor eyomileyo, kuyimfuneko ukufakela izixhobo zamaphampu kwigumbi elithile. Kwakhona ezi zixhobo zinamanani amakhulu.

I-rotor emanzi

Ngokungafani neenguqu zangaphambili, izixhobo ezine-rotor ezimanzi zincinci kakhulu. Kule meko, umpompo ubhaptizwa emanzini, okwangoku kunye nokucoca i-injini. Iingenelo ziquka ukulula nokusebenza kunye nokungabikho kweengxaki xa kuthatha indawo yezinto ezizimeleyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Xa ukhetha ipompo yokufudumala, ngaphezu kwesawaranti somenzi kunye neziqinisekiso ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka uzifundele ngezi zilandelayo mpawu:

• Ukudibanisa kweso sixhobo, oko kukuthi ububanzi bombhobho apho ipompo ifakwe khona. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ububanzi bombhobho bubanzi kwi-25 ukuya kwi-32 mm. Ngokuhambelana nobubanzi beemibhobho, iimpompo zokufudumala zokutshisa zixhotywe ngamanothi obungakanani obufunekayo. Oku kukuvumela ukukhawuleza ukufakela kunye nokuqhaqha.
• Amandla. Ulwazi malunga nale parameter luqulethwe kumaxwebhu ompapa ngokwawo. Njengomthetho, eli lathisi libubanzi ukusuka kwi-60 ukuya ku-300 W. Ngokusekelwe kulo mqondiso, igrafu yeqondo lokushisa ichongiwe. Kwizindlu zangasese - ukuya kuma-80 ° C.
• Imveliso. Lo ngumthamo womqhubi wokushisa ungene kumbhobho ngeendlela zokupompa kwiyunithi ethile yexesha. Esi sibonakaliso sithe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwicandelo eliphambene nemibhobho yenkqubo yokufudumala kwaye ichaphazela izikhombisi zayo eziphambili.
• INtloko. Lo mgangatho ulinganiswa ubude be-jet apho ipompo yamanzi ikhutshwa.
• Uxinzelelo. Ukwenza ukubala okuchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ubungakanani bazo zonke iipayipi ezikhoyo, kwaye ukwandisa idatha efunyenwe ngu-100 Pa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiphumo esipheleleyo asikho ngaphezu kwe-10 000. Kwiimpawu zamapompo, uxinzelelo kunye nokuphakama, umzekelo, iimitha ezili-8, kunokuboniswa. Ngaloo ndlela, kwinkqubo eyenzelwe ukutshisa iindidi eziphantsi, akufanele ukhethe izixhobo zamandla aphantsi kunye nokuphakama kweemitha ezine.

Kuphela emva kokuba kwenziwe ezi zibalo, kuya kubakho ukuqwalasela iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeeyunithi zokupompa, ugxininise kumaxwebhu obugcisa. Mhlawumbi ukubala kuya kubonisa ukuba ukufakela kwepom ukufudumala akudingeki, kwaye i-coolant ngokwemithetho ye-physics iya kujikeleza kwisangqa esivaliweyo.

Criteria Criteria

Ngoko, ukufumanisa iimpawu eziphambili zepompo yokufudumala, kufuneka uhambe ekukhethweni kweyunithi efanelekileyo. Okokuqala, kufuneka ubeke ingqwalasela kwinqanaba lomsebenzi. Indlela yokubala ilula nje ngokusemandleni: umphumo wokubilisa umlenze ulingana nomthamo wombane ogqityiweyo ngomzuzu. Ngokomzekelo, ngamandla angama-35 kW, umthamo we-coolant uzakulingana nama-35 ilitha.

Ngaphezulu, umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwe-coolant uzimisele kwisiqephu esithile sokuhambisa. Oku kuya kufuna idatha ngamandla oshisa, okulingana nokuhamba kwe-totalist of coolant.

Ukubala ukugeleza okupholileyo kwiprogram yombhobho, kufuneka ube nomqondo weedamitha ezisetyenzisiweyo:

Xa ubala i-speed velocity ye-coolant in the pipeline, thabatha i-1.5 m / s.

Ngokomzekelo, ukubala amandla okupompa izixhobo zokufudumala ubude beemitha ezili-10, udinga intloko kunye nenalathisi ye-0.6 yamitha. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwinqanaba elide leemitha ezili-100, intloko yeemitha eziyi-6 iyadingeka. Kwaye kukho kuphela ukhetho kunye nokufakela kokuphambaniswa kwepom ukufudumala, iimpawu zobugcisa eziza kuqinisekisa izimo ezidalwe.

Iipayipi kunye necandelo elincinci libhekiselele ekumanyeni kwamanzi amaninzi, ngoko kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka ufake ifowuni enamandla. Kwiipayipi ezinkulu zamaninzi, ipompu ephezulu yokusebenza inganakunyuswa.

Ukubala oku ngasentla kunemiqathango, ingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukufudumeza iinkqubo ngecebo elilula nelingaqiniwe. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko kucebisekile ukufuna uncedo kwiingcali zotshisa zengcali. Ukuba unethemba ngamakhono akho, ungasebenzisa iifomula zokubala ezinikezwe kwiSNiP 2.04.05-91.

Ukufakwa kwepom kwindlela yokufudumala

1. Okokuqala, njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukhetho lweyunithi yamapom. Ukwenza oku, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukuba kukho indawo yokufudumeza i-radiator kunye nommandla wegumbi ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-120 m ² endlwini, umpompo kufuneka usebenze u-0.4 m ³ wokuthutha ukushisa, ngelixa u-120 ukuya kwi-160 m ² , u-0.5 m ³ .
2. Ukufakwa kwepom ukufudumala kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela enokuthi i-shaft yenjini yayo ikhona kwindawo echanekileyo. Ekubeni ukubekwa ngokubonakalayo kunokukhokelela ekuhlanganiseni umoya. Kule meko, kukho umqobo omkhulu kumbindi oqhelekileyo weebherelo zeyunithi yamapompo. Ukufakwa okungalunganga kompompo kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubomi bokusebenza okanye ukusilela kwayo.
3. Kwi-radiator yokushisa inkqubo, umpompo ukhetha ukufakela kufuphi ne-bhoyili, kwaye kuyinqweneleka ukuyibeka kwimpayipi yokubuyela. Emva koko, itanki yokwandisa ixhunyiwe kumgca wokubuyela.
4. Iibilisi ziyatshintshwa, zonke iifowuni zokuvala ukunikezwa kwepom kunye nokubuyiswa kwemibhobho zivaliwe. Ukucima amanqwanqwa apho ipompo ichithwa khona. Iyunithi yepompo icetyiswa ukuba ifakwe iplagi enefayile kunye nesihlungi. Kubalulekile ukuba i-filter kunye nepom zinamadamitha afanayo. Ukuba inkqubo yokufudumala isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo, i-valve yesheke kufuneka kuthengwe kwangaphambili.
5. Emva kokuba umgca we-bypass ufakwe kwinkqubo yokufudumala, i-valve engenakubuyisela ifakwe, imodyuli yokugcina kufuneka ibekwe phezulu. Ngexesha lofakelo kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ulwalathiso lwenkohlakalo epholileyo, ephawulwe kwimeko yefowuni ngendlela yeentolo. Ukuba ipompo yamandla isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza, kufuneka unyathelwe phantsi.
6. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale kwisixhobo sokupompa, kufuneka ususe yonke umoya, idivaysi ngokwayo ingavulelwa emva kwemizuzu emihlanu emva koko. Emva kokutshintsha, kuyimfuneko ukususa umoya kwakhona, emva koko kuya kulungele ukusebenza. Ukuba ipompo ifudumala, akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo.

Iindleko

Ngokomyinge, umpompo wokujikeleza onamandla ka-30 W, ngezinga lokuhamba elipholileyo eli-2 m ³ / ngeyure kunye nentloko ye-2 m ngama-ruble angama-4300-4500. Xa ukhetha ezi zixhobo kunqweneleka ukukhetha ukhetho kwiinkampani ezisele zibonakaliswe. Umzekelo, ipompo yaseDenmark yokufudumala iGrundfos, izixhobo zaseJamani i-Wilo okanye iItaliyunithi ezivela kubakhiqizi njengeDAB, Lowara, uEbara okanye uPedrollo. Ngokubanzi, abavelisi basekhaya bajolise kwimveliso yamapompo.

Okwangoku, abathengi bavame ukukhetha ipompo yokutshisa i-Grundfos kunye ne-Wilo, ekubeni iiyunithi ezivela kuba bavelisi zizibonakalise ngendlela engcono.

Akuyimfuneko ukubala ukuba kuya kubakho ukukhetha izixhobo, eziya kuhambelana ne-100%. Ekubeni i-system nganye yokufudumala ineempawu kunye nokusebenza kwayo, kwaye naziphi na izixhobo zijoliswe kwiiparitha eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikhombisi.

Unamandla kakhulu epompo ngethuba lokusebenza liya kudala ingxolo eninzi, kwaye inamandla angenako ukunika uxinzelelo olufunekayo kwinkqubo. Ngesi sizathu, kucetyiswa ukuthenga ipompo ngamandla aza kudlulela okufunekayo angabi ngaphezu kwama-7-10%. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukukhetha imodeli ngendlela yokusebenza eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, eziya kuvumela ukusebenzisa izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni.