Igranite yeyona ezininzi kakhulu kwi kumazwekazi uqweqwe ukubona rock ebandakanya wonke. Igama le cwangciso yemvelo ngenxa yayo isakhiwo aneentunja-okuziinkozo (ukusuka Granum Latin -. "Grain"). Igranite ibhekisa iintlobo emuncu ngenxa yokuba iqulathe isixa esikhulu lesilicon dioxide - SiO2. Kwakhona esi sakhi iqukiwe kwealkali lenyengane, nezinki, intsimbi kunye calcium. Le Iliwa kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona elide, eqinileyo kunye ixesha elide, mninzi layo alinganayo ku-2600 kg nge-cubic meter. Kweli nqaku sijonga nokwakhiwa zelitye lenyengane, ngokunjalo kukuxelela malunga zokuhlelwa okhoyo iliwa ibonisa iimpawu kunye neempawu zayo.
Imvelaphi lenyengane kunye nendawo nasisihlo
Ekukholelwa ukuba granites kwasekwa kwithuba elide kwixesha zejoloji imbali ehlabathini lonke. Iinguqulelo ingqalelo iintlobo ezimbini imvelaphi. Eyokuqala ithi ukuba Nyengane amiliswe ngenxa yenkqubo crystallization ukubona zinyibilike. Ngokutsho ingcamango yesibini, ingqalelo ilitye kwabunjwa phantsi kwempembelelo ultrametamorphism. Phantsi impembelelo nengcinezelo, ubushushu ulwelo nokunyuka ngoomaleko ezinzulu emhlabeni, ithwalelwe inkqubo granitisation. Inani elikhulu iidipozithi kule ngxondorha enzima-umsebenzi, kubandakanywa i-US, China, Brazil, yaseScandinavia kunye Ukraine. Kwilizwe lethu, kukho kwakhona iidipozithi abazizityebi yale izinto zendalo. Le ifunyenwe kwi eqingqiweyo Nyengane amahlanu, kuquka Arkhangelsk kunye Voronezh nemimandla, kwakunye eCaucasus. Amaxesha amaninzi omelene uthe nsimbi yahlukile, kuquka inkcenkce, nobhedu, nezinki, Tungsten, molybdenum kunye bakhokele.
Khawuqwalasele inxalenye negranite. Feldspar and zwi
Ngokutsho kumalungu ayo, kolu lwalwa elawo polymineral, loo nto ubunjwe becandelo enye, kodwa eziliqela. Enye yezinto eziphambili ezakha lenyengane lo feldspar. It is a iqela ngezimbiwa silicate. Njengoko umthetho, lo lenyengane wayengekho ngaphantsi kwe-50%, kwaye ngoko zonke-60! Le yezimbiwa rock-yakheka ekhoyo engxondorheni ngokohlobo potassium feldspar (orthoclase, adular) kunye plagioclase acid (oligoclase, bytownite, Labrador, njalo njalo. D.). Enye into ebalulekileyo lenyengane yi zwi - onzima kakhulu yezimbiwa rock-yakheka uninzi igneous. isabelo sayo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-30% ye-ingqalelo epheleleyo uhlobo. Iyalungisa Ikhangeleka babe njengamasuntsu encinci vitreous. Xa imeko endalo zwi nto enemibala emihle, kodwa iliwa eyakhiwa zelitye lenyengane kuthatha phezu imibala eyahlukileyo - emthubi, ezipinki, obomvu, neengubo ezimfusa, njalo-njalo ..
Dark-obugolide izimbiwa kunye nezinye ubumdaka kuhlanganiselo lenyengane
Ngaphandle zwi kunye feldspar, engxondorheni iqulethe acid kunye nezinye inclusions. ludla maningabi sathabatha ngaphezu kwe-10% yamanqaku ewonke. It biotite, lithium mica, muscovite kunye hornblende. Inxalenye encinane athabathe isincedisi - ezifana apatite kunye Gold, kunye neeminerali obrak - tourmaline, garnet netopazi. Ngenxa yoko, siye sahlolisisa nokwakheka lenyengane. Scheme ubonisa ngeekhomponenti asisiseko eli izinto zendalo.
iintlobo zelitye lenyengane
Kuxhomekeka iimpawu izimbiwa kunye imichiza nokwakhiwa zelitye lenyengane, wabuyisa ezinye ntlobo zalo. Enye indlela luhlu yakhelwe ipesenti plagioclase eweni. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zelitye lenyengane:
- feldspar kwealkali (ngaphantsi kwe-10% plagioclase);
- zakhiwe ngokwalo (ukususela-10% ukuya kuma-65% plagioclase);
- granodiorite (ukususela kuma-65% ukuya 90% plagioclase);
- Tonalite (90% plagioclase).
Ukongeza ipesenti feldspar, njengesiseko lwahlule phakathi kweendidi zamatye esithathwe phantsi ingqalelo umxholo izimbiwa mafic ezingephi. Ngokutsho oluhlobo, ukwahlula iintlobo ezinjalo zivunywa: Alaska - lenyengane, hayi kuquka metal nagusha imnyama kunye leykogranit - ukuba isiqulatho esezantsi kwabo. -Mica ezimbini Nyengane - kukuthi, ngaphandle feldspar kunye zwi, muscovite kunye biotite, kwaye iqulethe aegerine obrak kunye amphibole.
iimpawu noshowo zohlobo
Kukho nenye ngokuhlelwa ngokusekelwe iimpawu zolwakhiwo kunye textural zamatye utshilo. Advantageously, zakhiwe uye granular isakhiwo ngumkhenkce, kodwa ngamanye abomvu. I-bume yendalo oomaleko izinto ezinkulu, akhiwa Ukupholisa daka. Ngenxa yokuba ayaqina edyokhweni Nyengane akhiwe ukuba isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka isohlwayo kunye irhabaxa. Iisampulu bamva kuthiwa Nyengane abomvu. Umzekelo lenyengane abomvu rock rapakivi ukuze ubume yomgrayo (Finland). Uye inclusions ze orthoclase ubungakanani iqanda isikhukukazi yakhe.
Umbala lenyengane
Le neetyuwa ezakha Nyengane inakho zipeyintwe iliwa ezahlukeneyo imibala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kugqiba umbala orthoclase ngamatye. Avamise kakhulu umbala ukukhanya engwevu. ERashiya, lasasazwa obomvu eziphathekayo. Le bezimbiwa Ukwakhiwa lenyengane ngemibala eqaqambileyo kuquka feldspar ukuba ziikristale hematite, okanye - oxide yentsimbi. Babanike iliwa legazi-elibomvu nombala. Ngaphesheya amatye imibala etyheli, -luhlaza ezipinki. Emerald nombala uhlobo ifumana ngenxa potassium feldspar eluhlaza - amazonite. Ngamanye amaxesha ukufumana igranite okungaqhelekanga imibala inemibalabala. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa feldspar, sinakho iridescence. Ngokufuthi oko oligoclase kwaye labradorite ukunika shimmer ezintle luhlaza, ingakumbi oqaphelekayo xa sakujika amatye. Nantsi onjalo izinto umdla, zakhiwe.
Yenziwe ngoobani kunye neempawu engxondorheni
Le izinto zemvelo ezininzi izinto ezinkulu ezenza kube yazo kwiindawo ezininzi, ingakumbi kwishishini lokwakha. Okokuqala, zakhiwe ixesha elide. Inokuba ukukhonza ixesha elide lo gama kugcinwe ngayo kuqala. Maxa wambi ibizwa ngokuba yi ngabantu "ilitye obungunaphakade," kwaye zonke ngenxa yokuba nakanjani nto yenzeka kuye ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Okwesibini, le nto namandla eliphezulu kakhulu. Iimveliso ezenziwe kaloku abawuthobeli ukunxiba. Zwi - ngezimbiwa eyakhiwa zelitye lenyengane - yenza kolu lwalwa kukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba xa kusetyenzwa, ukugaya nokusika usebenzisa isarha kunye ukutyabeka ledayimani okhethekileyo. Okwesithathu, enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo iimpawu lenyengane na ukuxhathisa yayo nayiphi na impembelelo kokusingqongileyo, kwaye asidi. Akudingi unyango kunye nokhuselo ezahlukeneyo oxidative kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo. Kuphela kwiqondo lobushushu ngaphezu degrees 600, ukuze ukutshintsha isakhiwo okanye ng. Okwesine, zakhiwe iyamelana ukufuma, cishe manzi, ngaba awunako ukufunxa amanzi kwaye phantsi ukuthotywa ngenxa kwezulu. Kangangeenkulungwane, izakhiwo kunye ezikhumbuzo ezenziwe lenyengane uyakwazi ukugcina inkangeleko yayo yoqobo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, hayi ubuncinane, loo lenyengane akuyongozi. Yena kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo ngabantu. Zonke ezi zakhiwo ukwenza iliwa ingqalelo izinto zokwakha ezixabisekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa lenyengane
Uthe ilitye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokwakha nokuthayilisha, njengoko ixesha elide, ukumelana kwiimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo elide okhethekileyo. Ngenxa kwinkcaso lingonakali kunye ucinezelo, yona isoloko isetyenziswa uhombiso ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Igranite linamandla kakhulu kungcoliseko, ngoko ke isoloko isetyenziswa ekwenziweni zokubambelela, izinyuko, imihlathi, imiphezulu yeetafile, Ungqameko window, bha zokubala. Amaninzi kunye zokubasa igranite imithombo zenziwe, kuba iyamelana utshintsho obushushu kunye, kwaye ukufunxeka ubumanzi. Ingaphandle olu hlobo zidla zisetyenziswa yobuso, wamatye okanye izinto zokwakha. iibhloko ilitye lenyengane bandlala iipavumente, iindlela kunye iibhulorho badla ukusika piers, mkhumbi izitrato nezikwere. Made Ukubiya lenyengane, ukugcina iindonga, ukuba ayivathise olungaphambili neendonga zezakhiwo. Kwaye le hlobo zingasetyenziswa ezahlukahlukeneyo imibala. Ngo-Russia, i-ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa iintlobo zingwevu, omhlophe, obomvu, kunye mdaka. Ngelishwa, le nezokukhupha nokwenziwa igneous kunzima kwaye kuyabiza, nangona kunjalo, oku kusetyenziswa kunqabile ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo. Oku ikakhulu isetyenziselwa umhombiso izinto ezinexabiso bokwakha ezibalulekileyo.
ezikhumbuzo bobugcisa lenyengane
Emva olufanelekileyo uncipha lenyengane ngaphezulu uba esipilini, ngoxa ibonisa nokugcina imitha ukukhanya. Ngoko ke, lo ilitye ukhangela esisityebi kunene kwaye yayintle, usetyenziswe ukuba ukwenziwa eqingqiweyo omkhulukazi kunye nokwenziwa bokwakha. Umzekelo ubuhle, lobuhle ukuqina lenyengane abanokusebenza zesikhumbuzo, izakhiwo zembali nezakhiwo kwakhiwe kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka eRashiya. Nasiphi na isakhiwo lenyengane na ubungangamsha ethile monumentality, ukubabetha ukuyila amandla ayo nobuhle.