Njani 3D-umshicileli? Products 3D-zomshicileli

Inkangeleko kwimarike ye 3D-abashicileli eziphawulwe kwixesha elitsha. Ukuba phambi kokuba imveliso kuphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kwithekhinoloji kuqoqosho lwasekhaya kwenza kube lula ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwimeko bokushicilela-ntathu inikeza indlela entsha esebenzisa izixhobo. Kakade ke, intsha kuphela kumsebenzisi-avareji, njengoko kushishino kunye mveliso izibonelelo zethekhinoloji efanayo isetyenziswa ixesha elide. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, ngokuziprinta 3D-umshicileli kakhulu iphucula umboleki, kuphuhliso apho, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, asingabo bonke abakulungele. Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa yobunzima inkqubo apparatus, kwakunye bokuqonda umsebenzi wabo.

Kodwa eyona mibuzo umdla ezingabo ukusetyenziswa kwezi abashicileli. Ziziphi iimveliso ukudala le mveliso? Iinjongo apho iimveliso zayo? Nendlela 3D-umshicileli? Le yimibuzo ebalulekileyo, ekubeni ukushicilelwa-ntathu Kusekho uyakholiswa cheap. Ngoko ke, ukufumana izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ngenxa ukwazi, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, bekungalunganga. Ubuncinane, kubalulekile ukuqonda iinkcukacha ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ayisashicilelwa kwaye ufumanise ukuba yintoni iingenelo onokuzilindela kuzo.

Yintoni 3D-umshicileli?

Isixhobo ngokunyathelisa-ntathu, esebenzisa apho kunokwenzeka ukwenza izinto ezintathu-ntathu, uphinda imodeli pre-ilungiswe yenyani le into. Xa kuthelekiswa abashicileli eqhelekileyo ukuba itekisi kwimveliso elektroniki ephepheni, 3D-izixhobo ukunika imveliso kolwazi-ntathu, okt ukwenza izinto kunye emzimbeni iparameters yokwenene. Enyanisweni, ukuqonda indlela 3D-umshicileli, cinga amanyathelo okwenza izinto eziqinileyo nayo.

Umgaqo ukusebenza jikelele

Umsebenzi luqala nokudalwa template okwenyani kwikhompyutha ngokusebenzisa software eyodwa. uqhubekeko phambili kwenzeka ngeprogram modeli kuqhawulo yayo zikhabane. Emva koko, lo msebenzi singena kwinxalenye lobuchwepheshe umshicileli, ekusekeni ubunzima kweengqimba ngumgubo edityanisiweyo ukulungiselela ukuvelisa into engaphezulu. Njengoko ngokugcwalisa izinto umgca gumbi mshicileli ukhethekileyo isasaze ubunzima kwindawo osebenzela kuyo. Emva kokusekwa maleko nganye intloko yesixhobo inyanzela isiseko enamathelayo. Phinda le nkqubo kude kube lelo xesha ayisayi kwenziwa into eyenziwe kule program ukuze ziprintwe. Kubalulekile ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba imveliso ye-3D-lomshicileli ingaqalisa ku ubugcisa ezahlukeneyo. Ngako oko, ukutshintsha nokuprinta nezixhobo, kwaye iimpawu izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ngokunjalo iindlela ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi software.

Rapid Prototyping Technology

Ngaphandle umahluko bokuqonda inkqubo yokuvelisa, phantse zonke izixhobo zoshicilelo-ntathu asebenza kwi-siseko prototyping ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuhambelana nale mbono, imveliso ikhutshwa phandle ukubunjwa ngokukhawuleza imifuziselo phambili ukubonisa amathuba elizayo pre-mveliso. Ukhawule technology kwasekuqaleni njengoko 1980 ngenjongo yokudala eesampuli okusilelayo. Namhlanje, le ndlela yaziwa ngokuba additive imveliso, ukuqonda indlela apho uya kuphendula umbuzo indlela 3D-yomshicileli, kwaye yintoni umahluko ukusuka umsebenzi iindlela yemveli ukuya kwimveliso yezinto. Ngoko ke, ukuba inkqubo yokugaya, ukujika yintlantsi machining ususa eziphathekayo, kunye nokwakhiwa, ngokucinezela ifakwe ukutshintsha imilo workpiece, ukuveliswa kwe additive kubandakanya ukwanda ubunzima kweencwadi ngokusebenzisa kweemaleko yokwakha-up. Ngamanye amazwi, umshicileli 3D utshintsha izinto sigaba kwindawo kwemida ethile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ushicilelo-ntathu iphuhliswe kumacala eziliqela, phakathi kuzo stereolithography technology (stl), iindlela zokusebenzisa thermoplastic (FDM) kunye laser sintering (Moran).

Indlela ekuhlanganiseni sekhombuya thermoplastic

Oku mhlawumbi ubuchule uthandwayo kungamampunge-ntathu. izixhobo FDM-jikelele ikhuthaza izinto ezininzi. Okokuqala zonke izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo iiplastiki ayibizi kakhulu. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba indlela elula manual, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu xa kuqwalaselwa eso sixhobo. Njengomgaqo, olu hlobo bugcisa lwe 3D-abashicileli aquka ukusebenza thermoplastics, enye yazo polylactide. Phakathi iingenelo le nto lubonise ukhathalelo lwendalo, ekubeni le weplastiki efunyenwe ummoba nengqolowa.

Into ephambili umshicileli kufuneka ngokuba extruder elenza umsebenzi intloko yoshicilelo. Nangona kunjalo, le yinxalenye ayikho simple kunjalo, ekubeni element yiseti inamacandelo ngamnye. Ukuba sicinga elithi "extruder" ngengqiqo eqhelekileyo, kuba yinxalenye kuphela intloko iya kubaphatha njenge feeder. Noba indlela, yoshicilelo inika isiseko kweplastiki lwe 3D-abashicileli ngokusebenzisa ngomsonto otyhidiweyo. Movement inxalenye ngomatshini ye-injini yombane inikiwe. Ngenxa yoko, indlela ukhokela vulu kumbhobho ubushushu esatsiba, enza into ekujoliswe.

ufakelo stereolithography

technology laser stereolithography ngoku ngokubanzi asetyenziswe busebenzisa amazinyo. Yeyona uhlobo yesibini uthandwayo yokugaya 3D-shicilelwayo. Lo msebenzi lokwahlula kukubonelela isixhobo stereolithographic izinto umgangatho kakhulu eliphezulu. We kunokufikelelwa njani kwezi ziphumo ngemvume izithuthi, leyo ibalwe microns elinye. Ngoko ke kusengqiqweni ukuba umsebenzi 3D-abashicileli esekelwe laser stereolithography uxatyiswa kakhulu kuphela bamazinyo, kodwa bejewellery. I-software yinxalenye yesixhobo ufana FDM-analogue kwiinkalo ezininzi, kodwa kukho inani lweempawu zobuchwepheshe. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umgaqo ushicilelo kuthiwa laser stereolithography, Kuya kuba ngumsebenzi izixhobo ngokusekelwe UV LED iiprojektha.

imodeli Proektornye laser enokuthenjwa intengo enganeno. Akukho mfuneko esipilini ubuncwane, ukuqinisekisa kuka reyi, leyo lula kuyilo. Ngelo xesha linye cofa 3D-umshicileli nge iiprojektha ukusebenza eliphezulu. Le iadvanteji iya kuphunyezwa ngenxa yokuba akukho iyiyo epheleleyo bevuthela ngaphandle circuit umaleko.

laser sintering

Olunye uhlobo indlela yesicelo laser. Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa iplastiki legkoplavny. High-power laser uzoba into ngokusekelwe licandelo zeplastiki, kubangele ukunyibilika kwaye sintering lo mbandela. Oku kunjalo umaleko nganye de esipheleleyo ukuba avelise inkqubo ye 3D-yokugaya ngokuba okusilelayo. iintsalela powder zeplastiki, izanyazanyiswa into ifunyenwe ekupheleni kwenkqubo. A ethile ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ezinjalo kukubonelela izinto misindo kunye kumphezulu. Kwelinye icala, oko akuyi kuchaphazela ukomelela kwemveliso. Ngaphezu koko, kwavela kwezi yemifanekiso yomshicileli zezona eside kakhulu. Isityalo efanayo kakhulu na isakhiwo enzima kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iindleko eziphezulu. Ngelo xesha, yaye inkqubo yokuvelisa ixesha elide kuthelekiswa ukuba 3D-abashicileli kwezinye iintlobo. Njengokuba kuphawuliwe ngabasebenzisi, izinga lokusekwa Umfuziselo besentimitha ezimbalwa ngeyure nganye.

expendables

Izinto eziphambili ukwenza iimodeli yi yoshicilelo-ntathu i thermoplastic. Ngaphandle iintlobo sele sitshilo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba zeplastiki lwe 3D-abashicileli kwi ABS kunye nefomathi Pla. Kwakhona wasebenzisa nenayiloni, polycarbonate, polyethylene kunye nezinye iintlobo nazo esetyenziswa kwishishini. Noko ke, abanye ufakelo yaye zikwavumela ukuba indlela elisetyenziswa ngayo izinto, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto abancedisayo aphucula iimpawu umgangatho imveliso elizayo. Umzekelo, ngenxa yale njongo, kukho utywala Polyvinyl, leyo ngokwesiseko uhlobo olufanayo PVA zeplastiki. Ukunyibilikisa emanzini, umsebenzisi akanokukwazi ukudala iimilo entsonkothileyo.

Noko ke, eyona exotic izinto ukuze zisetyenziswe iingxaki ezinjalo metal. Ukuze ufumane imveliso olunjalo kusetyenziswa 3D-imodeli yokushicilela 3D-yomshicileli, neeyantlukwano technology azezi umsebenzi yentloko yoshicilelo. Ngoncedo lwe Umatshini lisetyenziswa ubunzima enamathelayo kuloo ndawo apho inkqubo yekhompyutha ibonisa. Okulandelayo, yonke intloko-mvali wezithuba ubangela umaleko obhityileyo powder metal. Oko kukuthi, lo wentsimbi na Inyibilikile njengoko kunjalo zeplastiki, kwaye isicelo ngokwemaleko kwaye qhiwu ngohlobo amasuntswana amancinane.

abaphathi bomshicileli

Kuba isiqalo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukusebenza, apho kolawulo ngumsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa ikhompyutha. Eli qondo Ukulungiswa esatsiba kunye nomsebenzi eqongeni, umyinge efula eziphathekayo kunye nomsebenzi isithuthi, eqinisekisa endaweni ye printhead. Zonke ezi zenzo alawulwa izilawuli ze-elektroniki. Njengoko umthetho, imifuziselo yangoku zezi zixhobo isekelwe kwinkqubo Arduino kunye izakhiwo evulelekile. Ke ulwimi lokuprograma, umshicileli usebenzisa ekuthiwa-G-ikhowudi, wakha phezu imiyalelo yolawulo izixhobo yoshicilelo. Kweli nqanaba, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka kwinkqubo-izilayisi ezibonelela translation 3D-yimizekelo yoshicilelo lwe 3D-abashicileli kwi ecacileyo ikhowudi izilawuli. Ngoko nangoko ndiya kuthi ukuba le software akukho ngqo enxulumene nophuhliso imifuziselo lomzobo.

software

Le izilayisi Uluhlu Imisebenzi ephambili ihlanganisa parameters, njengako apho ziya kuprintwa. Ukukhetha le nkqubo kumiselwa uhlobo lomshicileli. Umzekelo, izixhobo RepRap zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa izilayisi wenza umthombo evulekileyo. Phakathi kwezi bungabonakala Replicator G and Skeinforge. Nakuba kunjalo, abenzi eliqela, ngubani icebisa ukusetyenziswa software obuphuma kwiinkampani ezithile. Oku, ingakumbi, sinento yokwenza izixhobo evela kwinkampani Cube 3D Systems. Ke lwavuka lweemveliso, oko ibandakanyeka kwinkqubo okhethekileyo 3D-abashicileli, yenzelwe ukuba uyilo-ntathu. kusetyenziswa Ngokuqhelekileyo le njongo Cad, abahleli, owathi, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka umlinganiselo othile amava kunye design 3D.

Ziziphi izinto ezifumanekayo?

Range iiprinta-ntathu bethatha ukwandisa umthamo ekuvumela ukuba ukudala iimveliso kwiintlobo ngeentlobo namacandelo eemarike. Ukuba sithethe ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo, apho kwaziswa kakhulu ithuba yeziyilo lwemveliso leyo, enyanisweni, kwavela ingqiqo additive mveliso. Ishishini engineering kwakhona ngokubanzi 3D-umshicileli. Products kulo mzekelo zinganikezelwa neemveliso kubathengi, yaye izinto ngamnye kulwazi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, izahlulo ngqo eliphezulu lemveliso leyo kakhulu ngabasebenzi amayeza. Ukongeza busebenzisa, 3D-umshicileli isetyenziswa ekwenziweni imifuziselo kunye neesampula omzimba.

Izimvo of 3D-abashicileli

Nangona popularization esebenzayo zenkqubo wokushicilela, umthengi ubunzima isekhona sokuthandabuza indlela. Oku ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu izixhobo, kodwa ubukhulu becala, nokuba abasebenzisi obuphezulu of izixhobo ezintsha na iingxaki kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ingasonjululwa kwi-kwikhaya 3D abashicileli. Abanini Ukuphonononga kaloku bathi kalula ngayo sikwazi ukucombulula iingxaki ezisisiseko kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, isixhobo likuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa into engekhoyo ukuba ufakelo ifenitshala, ukuhombisa uyilo, wenze into yokudlala ukuba umntwana okanye ezalwa yantlandlolo ifowuni. Ngokutsho abasebenzisi bayo, umsebenzi kunye nezixhobo kwaye ifuna ubuncinane ngeendleko ezisetyenziswa, kwithuba elide iyayixhasa lonke utyalo-mali.

isiphelo

izixhobo zoshicilelo-ntathu ngokwabo lwepaki kwaye zifuna ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwicandelo. Kodwa ulwazi ngemigaqo ngokubanzi indlela 3D-umshicileli ekuvumela ukuba uthethe ngayo ikhono elikhulu izixhobo abathengi enjalo. Isondlo, ungenza ukwakha ikhaya usebenzisa imveliso non inkunkuma-lweso sixhobo. Omnye umbuzo - yintoni ukuvelisa kwiprinta onjalo? Kodwa impendulo inikwa umsebenzisi ngamnye ngokwakhe, ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zazo. Ngokuba impela enkulu, ungafumana ibhanti ngokwenene. Kweli nqanaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba bayiqonde ikakhulu iingcali abasebenzisa woshicilelo 3D ukucombulula iingxaki zabo abaqeqeshiweyo.