Ngubani wakha Cathedral le Annunciation eMoscow?

Ukuze aphendule umbuzo owakha Cathedral le Annunciation, akuyondlwan 'iyanetha. kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo kulo mba. Xa ezichaza yecawa yelo kwinkulungwane ye-19, isithethe iye yapapashwa (ayiqinisekiswanga, kunjalo, eminye imithombo) ukwakha ngo-1291 ebandleni yamaplanga le Annunciation ka Andreem Aleksandrovichem, le nkosana, unyana ka-Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ukususela ngelo xesha kwakukho inkundla umthetheli, qiniseka ukuba kufuneka eyayiza kwakhiwa eMoscow itempile. Ngoko kwakukho Annunciation Cathedral of the yesicelo. Photo wesakhiwo ngohlobo olulo ngoku inikwa kweli nqaku.

izimvo ezahlukeneyo

Noko ke, izinto ezibhekiselele Cathedral le Annunciation ngo-1397 kuvela kuphela yeziKronike Russian ukususela Byzantium eMoscow, i icon waziswa phantsi igama "Kristu emhlophe rizitse." Abaphandi bathunyelwa kwakhiwe isakhiwo ilitye isonto ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14. Kuye yomhla we-1397 okanye ngonyaka (zabelin, Izvekov) okanye kunyaka 1393 (Skvortsov, Krasovsky).

Unobangela ulwazi umhla ngentsimbi yesibini ukuba Princess Evdokia yasekwa ngo-1395 ibandla Yokuzalwa of Lady Yethu (house). Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba igwele elincinane ngaphambi kokuba kubonakala itempile amakhosi. Ngowe-1405, njengoko ingxelo yi yemihla, ibandla waqala ukupeyinta inkosi Feofan Grechin, "lo umdala Gorodets" Prokhor kunye Andrei Rublev. Siye bagqiba nyaka.

Ulwakhiwo yecawa ilitye

Ivela ngo 1416, irekhodi entsha, elibhekisela ekuyilweni ibandla lwamatye Annunciation ngomhla we-18 kuJulayi.

Okunye ubungqina boku lesikhumbuzo isekelwe phezu ngokutsha incwadi yesicelo lomculo, esenzeka Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 16-17. Bookmark ukwakhiwa entsha yecawa kwenzeka ngoMeyi 6, 1484. Ivan Iii ekwakheni wayalela ukuba abeke intente kufuphi kwibhotwe njengenkosana ngenxa confessor wakhe, ukuba alohlukaniswa etempileni. kweminyaka 5 kamva, ngo-1489 (9 Agasti), ibandla elitsha yamiselwa Metropolitan Gerontius.

Ivan Iii ngenkulungwane ye-15 emva kwexesha baqalisa ukwakha indawo yokuhlala entsha zobungangamela isikhulu. Yakhelwe ngexesha iindonga entsha yesicelo, ingcamango kunye Annunciation Cathedral. Abakhi Myshkin and Krivtsov, owakha kwinkolelo, ubunzima, Noko ke, akuphumelelanga. Eli lilinge lokuqala eyenziwe ngazo, bagqiba kwelokuba iindonga zokwakha ngexesha kwenyikima yatshabalala.

iinkosi Pskov

Kanti ke, owakha Cathedral le Annunciation? umyili Oyintloko ifani asazi. Noko ke, ngokutsho iirekhodi omnye umkhumbuzi, ngo-1474, kunokwenzeka ukuba kulugweba wakha Annunciation Cathedral (ilitye) iinkosi Pskov. Phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo ukuba zidweliswe kule ubukrelekrele, walondoloza Dukhovskaya (Emnye encwadini yeembali Church), kwakunye Ukushiyeka yokwaleka, leyo yesicelo. Kuzo zonke kukho iimpawu ezithile ezahlula Pskov izakhiwo: iikholam, isikwere kwicebo, nezingqameko ngaphezulu. Uyakwazi kugwetywa ngokusekelwe idatha owakha Cathedral le Annunciation. Baba ziinkosi ze Pskov. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona izinto rannemoskovskogo: Intanethi ziye keeled imilo kunye neendonga ezihonjiswe ngombhinqo kufuze. Ngoko ke, ukuba kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo malunga owakha Cathedral le Annunciation, thina asikwazi. Waba, koko, kwenziwe ngezitena, nangona izinto ezisisiseko ukwenzela ukwakhiwa Pskov ngelo xesha kwakukho ilitye elimhlophe. Ngoko ke, nangona uninzi abaphandi bathi le Annunciation Cathedral kwizakhiwo Pskov, mhlawumbi abanye bakugqala ukudalwa iinkosi eMoscow.

Cathedral le Annunciation namhlanje

Namhlanje Cathedral le Annunciation e Moscow iqulathe ezintathu, ezazakhiwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Isiseko nto ibandla cross-angqukuva, trehapsidny chetyrehstolpny. Elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-15 emva kwexesha, uninzi ngokuphinda isicwangciso, kwakunye, mhlawumbi, imilinganiselo yetempile, ebe ikhona ngaphambili, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane efanayo. Umahluko phakathi kwe zakhiwo ezimbini kukuba etempileni kamva Wayengqongwe kwigalari-kwevaranda macala onke. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba bonke bephela, ngaphandle ngasempumalanga, badalwa kunye nentlanganiso yamatyala, kodwa zivulekile de kwinkulungwane yama-16. Uphando ezinxulumene kwiminyaka 60-th kwinkulungwane yama-20 zibonisa ukuba abaluqilima iigalari asentshona nasemantla zibekwe kwi izitena enye yecawa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siya kucinga ukuba basondele ngexesha okanye uluhlu ngaxeshanye itempile ephambili. Kuye erhangqwe kwicala elingasempumalanga Exchequer, leyo yakhiwe kunye nentlanganiso yamatyala, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-18 idilizwe.

Cathedral uba I ezisithoba

Annunciation Cathedral e Moscow ekuqaleni kubekwa izahluko ezithathu - bobabini zibekwe phezu iikona olusempuma lolwakhiwo omnye - kweli ziko. Abaluqilima iigalari kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-16 zaye amalungiselelo Izindlwana ezine, nayo leyo waba isahluko. Ukongeza, ngaphezu ababini baye bafakwa ubuninzi. Ekugqibeleni Cathedral waba ezisithoba. Ngoko yaveliswa engundoqo pyramidal isahluko ipakishwe sahluko. Kokoshniki nokugxininisa zakomars yayo zikhangeleke elahliweyo kwi igubu central. intloko Central ngo-1508 ukuba ihonjiswe, yaye kamva, kwisiqingatha sesibini kwenkulungwane ye-16, oko kwenziwa kunye nabanye abasithoba. Uphahla naye wazigquma copper ihonjiswe. Cathedral kuba ngokuba "Golden-eyakhiwe". Lo mfanekiso ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary kungumqondiso ezisithoba - alithoba phakathi kweengelosi kunye abangcwele ezulwini.

Iimpawu ze Annunciation Cathedral

Ngomhla ubukhulu Annunciation Cathedral of the yesicelo encinane. Oku kungenxa yokuba lona ngokuyintloko intsapho Prince. Ekuqaleni yaba neentsika mpuma iconostasis le Annunciation Cathedral, leyo nje kancinci kancinci kwesele ikhona. Krwela umgca enkulu vertikalizm umahluko indawo yayo engundoqo. Esi igubu phezulu, iinqwelo-zilingane asinde Iingqameko. intshukumo nkqo enomfutho ukukhanyisa. Kuye zifihlwe inxalenye ongezantsi kumsinga phezulu ukukhanya ukugalelwa evela iifestile igubu.

Kwintshona kukho engqungqa elaneleyo ukuba baxhomekeke nakwiingqameko ezinkulu ephantsi. isixhobo zabo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15 sele lwakudala. Elidityaniswe, mhlawumbi, kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha itempile njengentsapho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba oku kubangelwa umnqweno ukugcina icebo waba isakhiwo yangaphambili. Oku kwakhona kucingelwa (kwinkulungwane ye-19) ukuba engqungqa yona ngenxa abameli losapho lobukumkani kunqulo. Kodwa, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba udonga ukuphakama malunga neemitha ezimbini, yaye ububanzi lezitena ababini ukuba ekuqaleni ngokwahlukana. Iikwayari baba oko kwindawo evaliweyo, nto leyo inkonzo ye zetyala lingakulungele nje. Nokwandisa amathuba okuba, kufuneka abekwe ngapha-enzelwe. Ezimbini ikhokelela kubo ngesibetho; ngezinyuko ezijikeleze ukusuka ezantsi kwikona ekumzantsi-isakhiwo, nto leyo ibekwe embindini wamatye; kwakunye ngqo ukusuka ebhotwe, leyo iqamele Arch.

yambona

Ukwakhiwa kuloo ndlu yecawa ekwakheni evela kumacala onke yayibiyelwe ezaziyiyo iiveranda. Hayi kodwa ngokwanele inkangeleko yabo yokuqala, nexesha nasisihlo. East (kunye Exchequer) iye zezikhali, nelasezantsi ayaba phantse ngokupheleleyo look wokuqala. Bokwakhiwa, Zazihonjiswe imikrolo, kukhokelela evarandeni esemazantsi. Oku, ngokutsho legend, yayakhelwe Ivan abangcangcazelisi, njengoko omnye emva komtshato wesine, ndayihluthwa ilungelo lokuba abe khona ebandleni, wathi qhoboshela Isakhiwo ngasevarandeni, ngexesha lenkonzo.

Floor neveranda

Isiko exhuma Ivan abangcangcazelisi ngathi yimbonakalo emgangathweni, isekho namhlanje. It iqulathe iibhloko ezincinane Zinokuxutywa lesilicon Jasper neerubhi, ngeempahla zakho. Kukholelwa ukuba besini ibiziswe ukusuka Rostov Enkulu ukuba ukumkani, apho ke kanye Byzantium. Ivaranda, evelele indawo kumntla-mpuma, kwakukho Imikhosi. Xa ekunciphiseni ngayo ngo-1564 yingcwele yakhiwa nguye ukomeleza zoyilo bezisa eentsika, wenjenjalo zalahleka iifom yamandulo. Ivaranda ekuqaleni yayifana ngasemzantsi, kwaba lula. Neengqameko zalo ngokuxhaswa yi ikholam elinoonobumba oqingqiweyo. Kwiintsika zamafu wayilondoloza omnye wabo. Le ileli kwakhona yakhiwa - kwaba ayanyuka ekuqaleni kunye elifutshane.

Etempileni nezinyuko iiveranda phambili. Asentshona nasemantla ukuphunyezwa yi bemifanekiso Italian. South ngexesha kwebala 1836, satshatyalaliswa evarandeni wasezantsi, kwakhona ngowe-1949, iintsalela lokusinda.

Cathedral painting

Vasily III, umthetheli omkhulu, waye yindlalifa Ivan III, umthetho ekuqaleni kobukumkani Uyakwazi bahombise icon ye Cathedral benqwanqwa isilivere negolide ulipeyinte. Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba yecawa watshintshelwa icons Andreya Rubleva (of a ngamaplanga ubudala) kwaye wawuzaliswe umzobo entsha imodeli efana nqwa ngaphambili. Fedor Edikeev ukwenza lo msebenzi.

Baya iphuma zinevaranda umzobo oseludongeni ukupeyinta imifanekiso zo ezahlukeneyo zamandulo zamaGrike, owayephila phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu (uSocrates, uPlato, Plutarch, Zeno, Ptolemy, Thucydides, uAristotle) kunye imisongo ngezandla zabo, eziquka amazwi ukuba basondele izimvo zamaKristu. Malunga kulo mfanekiso kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, le ezintsha Fedor Edikeeva. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba yokuqala eRashiya metropolitans amaGrike ngokuzalwa uzukile zo yakhe engcwele, hayi amakholwa.

YiShrine of the Annunciation Cathedral

zezinto abaninzi bagcinwa kwi Cathedral le Annunciation. Umfanekiselo Annunciation, i zazenziwe yohlobo yakhe iconographic yenziwa eludongeni lwetempile. Loo nto ibonisa isithethe oriental, njengoko apho iNtombi yaba iNgelosi enguGabriyeli kwi Well eNazarete bamzisa iindaba ezilungileyo ukuba wayeza kuba nguMsindisi.

Umfanekiso Msindisi Unenceba waba ivaranda yecawa. Ngokutsho legend abantu kuye omnye wezikhakhamela wafumana uncedo emangalisayo. Lo mntu, umsindo navlekshy kakumkani kwi ngenxa omthandazo ukubuya inkonzo, kunye nokuxolela. Emva koko, abantu belinde inceba iindaba ezilungileyo, baqala ukuza kumfanekiso.

Ndandisoloko apha kwaye Don icon ye ungowokubongwa Virgin, emva Idabi Kulikov yanikezelwa nguDmitry Donskoy. Yakhe wabasikelela ngale ndlela, ngokutsho legend, Sergiy Radonezhsky. Imbeko lo icon kwenkulungwane ye-17 yayakhiwe Donskoy Monastery eMoscow. Yena ngoku Tretyakov Igalari.

Le Cathedral kunye chimes yesicelo

Imbali amankenteza yesicelo nayo iqala kunye Annunciation Cathedral. EMoscow wayengowokuqala ukufumana phandle kwangethuba 1404 ixesha ngqo. Ke Lazar Serbin, a indela iAthos, elenziwe ngamaplanga (ubudala) Cathedral le Annunciation efakiweyo phezu kwenqaba ewotshi komkhulu, bonke ugwayimbo ngelixa ihamile ephawula ixesha. Ngowe-1624, iinkosi Russian Shumilo kunye Zhdanov, kunye Hristofor Galovey (eliNgesi) kwi Spasskaya Tower efakiweyo inkosi clock kwilizwe lethu.

Ngowe-1917, ngoNovemba, Moscow Cathedral of the Annunciation kabuhlungu zonakala ngexesha bechuba. Iveranda yalo yatshatyalaliswa a iqokobhe. Emva kokuba sifudukele eMoscow yamaBolshevik ekwakheni urhulumente yavalwa. Ke kaloku, kuloo mmandla apho Annunciation Cathedral, ukuba ibekwe khona myuziyam. Oko kufikelelwa njengoko kwi yesicelo, phezu uhambo. Noko ke, maxa, waqhuba inkonzo, ngokuba le ndawo ingcwele. Cathedral le Annunciation Aprili 7, (1993) utyelela uMphathi eMoscow All Russia. Lo mhla lubhiyozelwa umthendeleko Annunciation. Ubhishophu uqhuba inkonzo apha.