Udidi newayini. Kuphantsi kweziphi izizathu bohlulwa babe iindidi zewayini? Ucalulo sewayini izigaba umgangatho

Njengoko bathi eRoma yamandulo, Xa veritas vino, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uyavuma. Eneneni, nangona inkqubela kwezobugcisa kunye ukulinywa iintlobo ezintsha seediliya, iwayini ihlala elinye iziselo othembeke. Abantu amanga brand ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kodwa ukuhanahanisa i incasa, ivumba kunye nombala engenakwenzeka. Kwaye njengoko 1000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, newayini esemgangathweni uyakwazi Kunokusuka ulwimi nkqu umntu ngamazwi ambalwa.

Abaninzi baya kumangaliswa, bathi, "Iwayini abe iwayini", kodwa kuyimfuneko lokuhlolisisa umba, kwaye kucaca indlela ezahlukeneyo ihlabathi othululwayo.

3 facts yemfundiso kwimbali

1. Okokuqala iwonga isipho nguThixo newayini kwiintsomi zamaGrike, xa oothixo Olympus ukwabelana iresiphi bakhe nabanye. Le eselwayo, kwaye isasetyenziswa nangoku kwimisitho ezininzi zonqulo.

2. mbali abaninzi babevuma ukuba, ekuqalekeni French Revolution yaba kukwanda kwi irhafu yiwayini, koko wenza isiselo kubiza ukuba abakumgangatho ophakathi.

3. Xa eFransi landa irhafu phakathi kweBritani Portugal nobuhlobo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, amaBritane wazithanda incasa iwayini port Portuguese.

Ke ngoku ngenxa umbuzo eziphambili - ngasiphi isizathu sewayini zahlulwe ngokweendidi.

yokwahlukanisa jikelele

Xelela onke amabakala kwelinye inqaku akunakwenzeka, ngoko makhe sithethe lizwe kakhulu kwaye ethandwa yaseYurophu ukuvelisa iimveliso zewayini - France. Loo ngokuhlelwa level-ezine iwayini lweendidi umgangatho sabhalwa apha.

wines Table (VDT okanye VIN de table). Imveliso uphuza unokusekelwa ngokusetyenziswa amabakala ahlukeneyo kunye nezityalo kweediliya. Ukubonelela i-9% amanqanaba utywala kufuneka bavunyelwe ukuba ukongeza isiraphu neswekile. Iwayini table lwethikh azibonisi indawo esenziwe kunyaka zasekwindla. Ngenxa yokunqongophala imizwa kunye sobuntu, bona andikulingene ingqalelo abagxeki kunye sommelier, kunye zokutyela elungileyo ze ziqukwe kwi menu.

VIN de byi (VDP), okanye wengingqi, ilungu kudidi sewayini ezikumgangatho ophezulu-level. Production isekelwe phezu iintlobo kolu namaqunube, ethululwayo kufuneka ube namandla ezithile ukuhlangabezana iimpawu ezithile organoleptic. Iidiliya esetyenziselwa kolu didi, lwahluma kwindawo ekhethekileyo. UMthetho kushishino tywala lo mqathango iindawo 150 eFransi.

Appellation d'Origine VIN Delimite de eliphezulu Superieure (AOVDQS okanye VDQS) - ezikumgangatho ophezulu iwayini iidiliya. imveliso wabo ummiselo ngqongqo nokulawulwa lwenziwa yimibutho ezizodwa. Zonke iziselo ezinxulumene nolu didi sewayini ezinophawu, uthane nqiphu inani mfuno:

- imveliso ye tywala lwenzeka kwiindawo ebotshelelwe kummandla othile;

- Sebenzisa beediliya kuphela kulawulwa;

- elichaziweyo indlela yokusingatha kunye nezivuno ubuninzi ngehektare nganye;

- kufuneka ukuthobela yonke imithetho vinification, iimfuno organoleptic ndilimise yinqaba.

Appellation d'origine controlee (AOC) - ulwahlulohlulo iphezulu sewayini egcinwe ngokodidi, ekubhekiswa kuwo imvelaphi yayo ineemfuno engqongqo ngaphezu AOVDQS. Apha ithathele ingqalelo ubudala imidiliya ezisetyenziswayo, iintlobo lomhlaba kunye umbala yesiselo onesiphumo. Indima ephambili ekuvelisweni edlalwa "appellations", okt igama, ngaba kuqinisekisa ukuchana imveliso. Khumbula zonke appellations nzima, njengoko inani labo lukhula rhoqo (ngaphezu kwe-400), kodwa iwayini kakhulu edumileyo AOC zithathwa isiFrentshi, ngamnye kubo isici esasenza.

Ezinye eYurophu izixeko beediliya eYurophu, ngokusekelwe ulwahlulohlulo French, sidale efanayo. A unxulumano ocacileyo kubonisiwe kule theyibhile.

France	Italy	Spain
VIN de table	Vino de Mesa	Vino da Tavola
VIN de ubhatala	Vinos de las Tierras	Indicazione Geografica Tipica
AOVDQS	NGABA (Denominacion de Origen)	Denominazione Origine Controllata di
AOC	Denominacion de Origen Calificada	Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita

Ukuhlelwa isiqulatho sugar

Bomvu owomileyo, Xa kunjalo isekelwe phezu iwayini emhlophe.

1. Sec - owomileyo (ngaphantsi kwe-4 g / L).

2. Demi-umzuzwana - semidry (4-12 g / l).

3. Moelleux - semisweet (12-45 g / l).

4. Doux - sweet (ngaphezu kwama-45 g / l).

Kuba esimnyama: estra-brut (ngaphantsi kwe-4 g / l), brut (ukuya kwi-15 g / l), extra-umzuzwana (12-20 g / l), umzuzwana (akukho ngaphezulu kwe-35 g / l), demi-umzuzwana (32 -55 g / l), doux (ngaphezu kwama-55 g / l).

Umxholo we CO ₂

VIN effervescent - udidi iziselo abengezelayo utywala, apho enzayim ukubola zasesekondari kwenzeka ebhotileni.

VIN mousseux gazeifie - uhlobo abengezelayo sewayini, apho CO ₂ Ukwanda kwenzeka carbonation.

VIN petillant - iwayini ehlwahlwazayo, yahlukile kwezinye ephantsi-uxinzelelo CO ₂ ebhotileni.

VIN perlant - iperile ukuba inqanaba eliphantsi CO _2.

VIN tranquille - cwaka iziselo iwayini kunye ukungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo CO _2.

Classification Process

Uhlobo nto inzima ukwahlukana kwale ethululwayo, njengoko imveliso ngamnye ngenkohliso, umahluko. Ngaphandle koku, le iingcaphephe bakwazi ukuchonga ndidi zilandelayo:

- Iwayini entsha ukuba ayikho imfuneko yokuba sesichengeni.

- Ubudala e imiphanda okanye ibhotile ukuya kunyaka omnye.

- Ubudala phezu kweentsipho yayo. Ziquka ezinye iintlobo sewayini ezimhlophe, lo msebenzi zobugcisa kwi-Loire Valley.

- wines utshwala eziveliswa ukuguquka, ukuba idityaniswe Wort nedobrodivshee utywala okanye ibranti.

- iwayini okuphekiweyo, ingakumbi, ekuveliseni French Provence. Production lusekelwe zokufudumeza elide kunye komphunga le Wort. ngewayini ebilisiweyo na incasa ezithile iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu neswekile.

Classification lithunzi le yesiselo iwayini

Oku akusoloko kwabelwana ngabo umbala yewayini, maxa wambi zihlelwa ngohlobo ukwakheka yemizimba yethu. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba uyazi ukuba kukho champagne eveliswa yeediliya abamnyama, kodwa umbala omhlophe?

Iwayini ebomvu iqulethe tannins (tannins) linoxanduva astringency kunye zombala, ebangela umbala.

Iiwayini Rose azikho akandifanele ingqalelo nabagxeki, nangona kuluhlu kwabo nemibala eyahlukeneyo kakhulu: ukusuka efafazwe kancinane ukuya kufumaneka bantu.

Kukho kwakhona newayini eluhlaza eveliswa Portugal, ezimnyama (Cahors), kunye ebengezelayo.

Kwaye ngoku ibikukujonga nje ngokufutshane kwi iwayini NGABA iindidi.

Kuthetha ukuthini DO

Spanish Togu ezikumgangatho ophezulu iiwayini kweediliya (AOVDQS). Ilungelo ukuvelisa iimveliso olu didi kwamkela into engaphezulu kwama-164 abantu abatyala iwayini Spanish.

Le ndawo inkulu izidiliya ekuveliseni sewayini ukuba mqathango La Mancha - 188.181 hectares. imveliso wabo iqapheleka enemithi kunye velvety incasa.

A bit yewayini emhlophe

Uhlobo sewayini ezimhlophe zidla nohlulwe kumaBakala 6:

1. iwayini Dry ukukhanya "umzimba." Njengoko sommelier wathi has a "ngentsimbi" engundoqo. Kwanciphisa isixa iswekile, kodwa xi eliphezulu acid, ipesenti utywala ayidluli-12% kunye livumba perceptible kancinane. Kodwa iingcali ezinamava bathi lo hlobo iwayini emhlophe wambi ube ivumba kunye nemvakalo - wonke kuxhomekeke uhlobo yomdiliya. Umzekelo, "Sauvignon Blanc" liye bokuqonda esintu, yaye "Riesling" - iziqhamo.

2. Igama elithi of ukungakhuseleki avareji "umzimba" iwayini emhlophe - ubuncinane iminyaka emi-3. Uphuma Chardonnay, Shenen Blan kunye nendima. inqanaba utywala we-10 ukuya kwi-13%, kodwa incasa kunye nevumba iintyatyambo lwaziwayo namanqaku elinuka.

3. I-epheleleyo "umzimba" iindidi zewayini, njengoko umthetho, zigcinwe imiphanda kangangeminyaka eliqela. Bathi flavour elinuka, iasidi ephantsi, yaye isixa esikhulu tannins. Ezinxilisayo 12 ukuya kwi-14%.

4. elimnandi kweziselo iwayini emhlophe kwahluka iqapheleka exotic livumba iziqhamo. Bathe aphantsi acid kunye inqanaba utywala ka-12-14%.

5. iwayini Iimilo-sweet eyenziwe neentlobo Moscatel yazidiliya, sikanqinishe-Pinot Gris kunye Shenen Blan. UTYWALA 14% kwaye zifakwa tywala ugodole ukuya 10 ⁰ C ifomu.

6. sweet kweziselo iwayini emhlophe eziqulathe ukuya kwi-18% utywala jikelele kondliwa ngawo dessert. abameli eyaziwayo zesiselo "Sauternes 'utywala' Barsac" (France).

A amagama ambalwa malunga nomnikelo ehlwahlwazayo

Ngokuthi iwayini, leyo iqulathe carbon dioxide, okudalwe iteknoloji okhethekileyo. imveliso yabo yahlulwe iindlela 4:

1. Carbonation. Xa yenziwe, libya-ezisemgangathweni iziselo isicelo intshayelelo ngumntu of CO _2.

2. Le ndlela apho ekupheleni igwele ephambili, utywala ayikho le bhafu kwaye entsubeni, ekuthiwa zasemaphandleni (methode rurale).

3. Ukuba yokubola yesibini kwezinto eziphilayo kwenzeka akratoforah (kwizikhongozeli ezizodwa zesinyithi), lo isiphoso kwenzeka kwi indlela ekuvelisweni Sharma.

4. Indlela yamandulo - le nkqubo iphindiwe ibile kwenzeka ebhotileni.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba sikhankanye ukuba kukho iindidi ezimbini ngokukhethekileyo abengezelayo sewayini kunye esimnyama perile. Okokuqala ziqulathe isixa ubuncinane carbon dioxide, ngeli lixa kuba uxinzelelo okungephi entsubeni kunye Hold ephantsi (7%).

Zeziphi izitya bakhonza iwayini

yiwayini, ukutya kunye nenkampani kumnandi okulungileyo - yinto isiqinisekiso of inkumbulo efudumeleyo isidlo. Ukhetho amaqabane - ngumbandela labucala, yaye ukwazi oko izitya zidityaniswe yiwayini, nayo yonke into.

Kufuneka uqale kunye kwemiqathango, ezizezi ukutya, nto leyo kucetyiswa ukuba isicelo iziselo ezinxilisayo, ukuze ukumanzisa isongo sakhe. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayikwazi isicelo izidlo iwayini kunye namaqebengwana, enongwe neviniga.

Phakathi nezithintelo ziquka nati. Inyaniso kukuba xa kokutshintshela iziqhamo azosala fail ukuphendula kwezinye izinto newayini othululwayo.

isithintelo lokugqibela kuyasebenza ukutshaya. icuba singaliva ivumba kunye isongo kwenicotine akayi kuvumela ukuba ngokupheleleyo iwayini.

Nakuba iintlobo ezininzi izidlo kukho umthetho: i enzima ngakumbi incasa kwi nembasa, kube lula ukuba usele iwayini iglasi, kwaye vice versa.

Red uza inyama okuneziqholo, iziqhamo, ipasta, pizza, intlanzi kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo netshizi.

incasa White harmonises ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokutya kwaselwandle, yemvu, iinkukhu kunye namaqanda.

Isiqalelo iiwayini pink zithathwa okulula inyama, intlanzi kunye dessert.

iintlobo eziphantse-sweet aswiti eziyelelene ice cream, iziqhamo kunye itshokolethi.

iziselo abengezelayo, oko kukuthi champagne - simswelise ogqibeleleyo isidlo lokuvula zegala.

isiphelo

Ukuba phambi kokuba "ethululwayo kaThixo" kuba yahlulwe omhlophe, obomvu, eyomileyo, ezinqabileyo, ngoko ke sinethemba lokuba, nixhobe ulwazi oluvela kweli nqaku, oyifundileyo, yintoni ezi ndidi sewayini, kwaye awukwazi nje ukufunda ukusuka igama ileyibhile, kodwa ukuqaphela iindidi kunye nendlela ngawo.