Ngengozi Chinese. Clonorchiasis: iimpawu, unyango. izinambuzane yomntu

Clonorchiasis yabantu - trematodozov biogelmintoz kwiqela iphawulwa sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ephambili phecana biliary, injeke zesibindi parenchyma.

lwezifo

Lo mthombo uphambili usulelo - kukho umntu onentsholongwane klonorhami. Ukongeza, amanzi Luhlala izinja kunye neekati. Iphiko chinese isagquba eJapan, Vietnam, China, North Korea, i Amur isitya, Obi ne Primorye. amaqanda Helminth eyabelwe kunye ilindle kwi zolwelo medium waginya squid cercariae (imibungu) akhiwa kumzimba malunga neentsuku ezili-14. Emva adibane umzimba ezidla iintlanzi yenamvuna evela emathunjini, sebeqala ukuya kungena izihlunu kunye inyama ongama. Ngaloo ndlela, a metacercariae. abantu Clonorchiasis gciwane ngokutya ekrwada, ngokwaneleyo ubushushu ngayo intlanzi okanye yenamvuna. Kwaye kuphuhlisa clonorchiasis. Iimpawu izigulana ludla baqale kuvela emva pathogen ngokungenisa emathunjini amancinci.

Flukes: uphawu

Trematodes (flukes) - ziimpethu, enxulumene uhlobo flatworm. Ngenxa umthetho, kufuneka amagqabi-ezimise. isayizi yazo kuyahluka ngaphezulu uluhlu olubanzi ukusuka 0.1 mm ukuya kwi-15 cm ubude. Iphiko chinese nga parasitize kwi eziphilayo izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Zonke iintlobo flukes ezi yokuphila ekumfimfitheni.

Morphology kunye eziphilayo of trematodes

Body trematode constricted kwicala dorsoventral. Ulobuza kunye umaleko dystrophy zenze sac ulusu-kwezihlunu kuyo utywala izibilini. Flukes iyalungiswa ngokusebenzisa ngamaqumrhu ezizodwa dystrophy - lana. Kusenokubakho ezimbini - ngomlomo esiswini. Amalungu ka izikhonkwane nitrogen nazo kunganxulunyaniswa Ulobuza libe sisigingqi glandular.

inkqubo alimentary

Phambi umzimba ngumtya eguqulelwe yomlomo, sise emlonyeni lokuvula ezantsi. Phezu ukuba pharynx (pharynx) emlonyeni kunye kuvuleke iminxunya evuthelweyo. wamathumbu - ezimbini buti slepozakanchivayuschihsya. Wokukhupha ilindle e caba ziimpethu ngokuqhelekileyo ayikho. Uhlala ukutya unhydrolyzed aphoswe ngaphandle ngomlomo. Inxalenye ngamandla flatworms enokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa tegument.

inkqubo Wayesoyika excretory

Inkqubo luvo iquka ganglia luvo, ibekwe phantsi pharynx, kwaye nemilomo uqhebeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. inkqubo excretory imelwe obunobunzima tubules fomu duct ezimbini excretory.

uhlelo zokuzala

Inkqubo azo okuzala trematodes baye kakuhle kakhulu. Flukes (ngaphandle Schistosomatata uhlobo of Representatives) - hermaphroditic (isidalwa ulala).

inkqubo Male zokuzala, njengoko umthetho, lenziwa amasende amabini. Suka kubo Vas efferens, abaqhagamshelwe ukuya yobudoda Umbobho eqhelekileyo. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo livalelwe kagesi sac (sac ekhethekileyo eqatha). Inxalenye yokugqibela Umbobho yobudoda - kagesi (copulatory omzimba).

Ubume izixhobo ababhinqileyo lokuzala kuquka yamaqanda, jajtceprovoda, ootype, spermatheca, nobubovu Vitellaria Laurerovy channel Mehlis 'kunye isibeleko, ophela nge ukuvulwa zangasese.

umyalezo weimeyile

Iarhente causative yi clonorchiasis Iphiko - liphiko Chinese. Oku kuthetha ukuba intsapho ziimpethu Opisthorchidae - sinensis Clonorchis. robot Kuqala ichazwa McConnell ngo-1874 Iphiko yaseTshayina emzimbeni womntu parasitize ukuya kwiminyaka engama-40. Body helminth tyaba, lanceolate 10-20 mm kunye nobubanzi 2-4 mm. amaqanda trematode ngokwebala ukukhanya-yegolide, kwenye izibonda cap ibonakala ngokucacileyo. sinensis Clonorchis ku sigaba abadala ukuze parasitize zombini ebantwini kunye ezincancisayo ezidla. Le yokugqibela ke onke esichazayo. Njengoko i squid isenzo amanzi yethutyana, extra - amanzi yenamvuna kunye zeCARP iintlanzi.

trematodes kwempilo

Umjikelo trematodes ukuphila lamathuba ezine:

• embriogonii;
• partenogonii;
• tsistogonii;
• maritogonii.

Embriogoniya - ngexesha kuphuhliso osandul weeseli intsholongwane kwi iqanda ukusuka ekukhulelweni kuye trematode miracidia exit. Ixesha le sigaba malunga inyanga. Partenogoniya - ixesha posleembrionalny yophuhliso kweqonga mibungu emzimbeni yomkhosi eliphakathi. isigaba thaca kuqala ukuyilwa sporocysts phambi cercaria kokusingqongileyo. Ixesha eli thuba kuyohluka ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya iinyanga ezintlanu.

Tsistogoniya - Inkqubo yotshintsho kwi cercaria adolescaria (kwindawo) okanye metacercariae (umzimba host supplementary). Tsistogonii ubude - iiyure eziliqela ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini.

Maritogoniya - ithuba kuphuhliso flukes kwi esichazayo host ephilayo lokuvuthwa ngokwesondo (imago), leyi kandziyisaka amaqanda kokusingqongileyo. Ngethuba lokuqhuba kwale nqanaba - ukusuka kwiveki enye ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini.

Pathogenesis

Izigulane abahlala kwiindawo ezisoloko zikho ukumelana nezifo nje ocande ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni yi transplacental. Ngoko ke, abantu abanjalo abafunyaniswe, nangona esi sifo, kodwa ikhondo wobulali. Engunobangela uphuhliso leengxaki yi trematode impembelelo ngomatshini, uqhagamshelo microflora zasesekondari, ukuphazamiseka neurotrophic, ityhefu kunye negazi. Ukongezelela, klonorhi kunokubangela utshintsho cirrhotic esibindini.

zesifo sifo

Ukuba sele kokufunyaniswa clonorchiasis, iimpawu zesifo ezifana opisthorchiasis. Kwisigaba yayiyazi loo isulelo esiphawuliweyo ukungabi namdla, umkhuhlane, ukutyhafa, ezabonakala negazi lakho. Kunye ukuqhubela phambili zesifo iimpawu ebonakalisiwe eziphawula isibindi, injeke, kwaye isiqwenga biliary. Izigulane ezikhala umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu kakhulu ngokwendawo kwi hypochondrium ekunene.

iingxaki kwesi sifo

Oku ingaba:

• cholecystitis ezingapheliyo;
• ukuqina;
• gastroduodenitis ezingapheliyo;
• umhlaza pancreatic isisu;
• kohlobo.

uxilongo zokugula

Uxilongo lusekelwe kulwazi zonyango kunye epizootic kunye gelmintokoprologicheskih izifundo. Ukucacisa uxilongo ukuvelisa uhlalutyo zengqo- igazi (protini iyonke, iswekile yegazi, yibilirubin, umsebenzi phosphatase obrak, izixhobo aminotransferases, amylase, trypsin, kunye lipase), emiselweyo (cholecystography, iimviwo ultrasound senyongo, isibindi, injeke, fibrogastroduodenoscopy) kunye serological (balahle , RIHA, PCR) iindlela.

therapy

Ukuba isigulane kwaye kwafunyaniswa clonorchiasis, unyango kufuneka complex:

• dietetics;
• amachiza anthelmintic ( "biltricid", "Niklofolan", "hloksila");
• antihistamines ( "calcium gluconate", "loratidine," "Suprastin");
• nonsteroidal amachiza anti-ukudumba ( "ibuprofen", "Nimisulid");
• enzyme ( "Panzinorm", "Mezim", "Creon");
• Sorbents ( "Enterosgel" "Ataxia", "Polysorb");
• antispasmodics ( "papaverine", "No-Spa", "Mebeverin");
• macrolides ( "oleandomycin", "Spiramycin", "azithromycin", "Roxithromycin", "Fluritromitsin");
• amachiza cholagogue ( "Xylitol" "Sorbitol", umbona neyesilika, immortelle, wavuka iinyonga, eminti);
• gepatoprotektory ( "Essentiale", "Ursohol").