Neftegorsk, inyikima (ngoMeyi 28, 1995). Inyikima enkulu enkulu kwimbali yaseRashiya

Ukuzamazama komhlaba eRussia kwenzeka rhoqo. Abahlali bomda ophakathi abazi abaziyo. Kodwa ke abantu abaninzi bayaqonda ukuba oku kuyisenzo esonakalisayo sezinto, apho kungenakwenzeka ukubaleka. Eli nqaku liza kukuxelela ngeentlanzi ezinzima kakhulu nakwehlabathi elikhulu ezweni lethu.

Yintoni inyikima?

Eli gama ngokwezwi lithetha intsingiselo yoMhlaba womhlaba obangelwa yimvelo yendalo. Ngamanye amaxesha banokuhamba kunye nokuqhuma okukhulu okanye enye into eyenziwa ngumsebenzi.

Ngamandla ayo okubhubhisa, ukuba sithatha, umzekelo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kuka-1995 e-Neftegorsk, ezi ntlekele zihlala kwindawo eziphambili. Kwimbali yaseRashiya kunye nehlabathi, kukho inyaniso eninzi yendalo etshabalalayo yemvelo - izigidi zabantu abachaphazelekayo kwihlabathi kunye nemiphumo eyaphula ngokupheleleyo iziseko zamagumbi amakhulu kunye namazwe.

I-epicenter yenyikima yomhlaba ngumhlaba woMhlaba, okufuphi kwinqanaba lezinto ezizenzekelayo. Namhlanje, iingcali zihlula ezi ntloba zentlanzi:

1. Ukuqhuma komlilo, kubangelwa ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic.
2. Ukuvelisa, okuvela kwiindawo eziqhubeleleyo kunye nokutshintsha okulandelayo kwiiplati zangaphantsi.
3. I-Technogenic - ukuthuthumela komhlaba, okuvela kwiinkqubo zobomi bomntu.

Kukho iinyikima komhlaba eRashiya?

Ilizwe lethu liye lahlushwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zendalo, kubandakanywa nentlekele eyenzekayo eNftegorsk. Inyikima yatshatyalalisa indawo leyo kwaye yathatha inani elikhulu lobomi bomntu. Ezinye iidolophu zaseSakhalin Region azikho.

Ukubonakala kwelizwe lethu kuluhlu kwaye lukhulu, kunye neendawo zezulu. Eyona nto, iziganeko eziqhelekileyo zesicwangciso esinjalo kwintsimi yaseRussia Federation zenzeka kwimimandla yeentaba. Iinkokeli phakathi kwa maxhoba enjalo ntlekele yendalo :

1. Kamchatka.
2. IAltai.
3. ICaucasus.
4. EMpuma yeSiberia.

Oku akusiyo yonke uluhlu lwemimandla apho kukho ukuthuthumela. Kweminye imimandla, isenzo esincinci kodwa esisoloko sisinyathelweyo sibhaliweyo - ezi zixeko kunye nemizi yesithili saseSakhalin kunye nommandla waseKamchatka. Ngezinye iinkqubo umsebenzi onjalo ungabonakali kubemi bendawo, kodwa akusoloko kwenzeka njalo.

Iinyikima ezinkulu ezenzeka eRashiya

Ngo-Agasti 2005, inyikima enamandla ene-amplitude malunga namaqondo angama-7 kwinqanaba le-Richter lwenzeka kwingingqi yase-Uglegorsk . Kwakungenamandla kunye nokukhawuleza njengokuzamazama komhlaba kwiSakhalin (Neftegorsk, 1995), kodwa kunjalo. Ngethuba le nkqubela, izakhiwo ezininzi kunye nezakhiwo zatshatyalaliswa. Ukongezelela, iindlela zatshatyalaliswa ngamanzi omhlaba, wehla ezintabeni.

NgoSeptemba 2003, kwizithili ezintandathu zase-Altai ezisemzantsi, inyikima yenzeka ngenamandla malunga namaqondo angama-7.5. Kwaye kwiphondo, kukho uchungechunge lweziganeko eziye zaphawulwa, kodwa zinamandla angaphantsi. Ngelo xesha, ukuthuthumela komhlaba kwabhalwa kwezinye iindawo:

1. Ummandla waseNovosibirsk.
2. IKrasnoyarsk Territory.
3. East Kazakhstan nabanye.

Ngethamsanqa, kwakungekho mntu wabulawa, kodwa abantu abaninzi balimala (kalisa kancinci). Inyikima yadala umonakalo omkhulu kwiRiphabhulikhi kwisixa semaruble ezigidi.

Ngonyaka ka-2008, inyikima enkulu ye-5 yavela eKetchnya kwiNyakatho yeKwaqasi ngo-Oktobha. Kwakukho abantu abaswele (abafileyo aba-13), abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 balimala. Ukuthuthumela komhlaba kwangaphantsi kwavezwa kwiGeorgia, iDagestan kunye neNorth Ossetia.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe

Njengoko uyazi, ukurekhoda kweentlekele zemvelo, kuquka ukuzamazama komhlaba, kwaqala kuphela emakhulu amathathu eminyaka edlulileyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho nto iqhutywe phantsi komhlaba ngaphambi kweli xesha. Konke malunga nenkcazo yembali yommandla. Kuze kubekho inkulungwane ye-16, inxalenye yeCentral Yurophu kunye ne-Volga esifundeni yayiyiRashiya. Kule mimandla inyikima yehlabathi yayingabalulekanga kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayinakuthathwe ngabantu. Imimandla yeentaba yayifakwe kwilizwe kuphela ngekhulu le-18, ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ingxelo yeentlekele zemvelo yaqala ngokuchanekileyo ukusuka kweli xesha.

Inyikima enamandla kunayo yonke yekhulu le-18

Iintlekele zemvelo ezinzulu ziye zenzeka kwintsimi yelizwe lethu ngezikhathi ezithile. Inyikima enkulu enyakeni ka-1725, eyenzeka eMpuma yeSiberia, yehla kwimbali njengeyona nto eyonakalisayo ngeli xesha. Kuye kwaziwa kuye kwimbali yendalo yendalo i-Messerschmidt D. Ngokutsho kwenzululwazi, amandla e-thrust ayinqaku eli-11. Ukuhlolisisa indlu yakhe, inzululwazi yaqaphela ukuba imimandla emikhulu yayisakhiwe kwisakhiwo. Ekubeni imimandla yaseMpuma yeSiberia yayingenabantu abaninzi, inyikima leyo ayizange ivelise amaninzi amaninzi. Ngokutsho kwimiqulu yenzululwazi kunye nabaphandi, izinto ezifanayo zenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho miphumo emibi.

Ngo-1761 inyikima enkantyikwano enokuphakama kwama-11 amaphuzu okwenzeka e-Altai. Idatha iye yasinda nanamhlanje ngenxa yeengxelo zemikhosi eziseleyo. Ukuqhaqhazela kwakomeleleyo kangangokuthi ukutyumba kwakhiwa emhlabathini, kwaye iindonga zaqhaqhazela kwaye zawa.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba kweenkulungwane ezingama-19-20

I-Kamchatka yindawo ekubhekiselwe kuyo ukuba iyindawo yengozi yesimo seism. Inyikima enkulu kunazo zonke inyikima ngo-1792 kwaye ngo-1841. Ngokutsho kohlobo lokutshitshiswa kwezinto zokuzamazama komhlaba, iinyikima zomhlaba zanikwa inani le-8 kwisikali se-Richter.

Emazantsi aseRashiya, e-Caucasus, inyikima enkulu yabhalwa ngo-1970. Emva koko izinto zatshatyalalisa iindawo ezingaphezulu kwama-250. I-Dagestan ilahlekelwe ngabemi abangaphezu kwama-30. Ubungakanani bezithungelwano ngamanqaku asi-7. Le nyikima yaxutyushwa njengeyona nto ibhubhisa kakhulu kwimbali yobukho belizwe.

NgoJanuwari 1862 - kwakuloo nto yahlaselwa yinkxalabo yezobuqhetseba yaqala ukuphazamisa ummandla weLake Baikal. Iintsuku ezintathu zathatha inyikima yenhlekelele. Ngokomphando, ubukhulu bayo bulingana nama-8-9. Ngenxa yentlekele, isango leTagan lakhukhulwa kwaye inxalenye yelibi laya ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Umsebenzi wesimo seRashiya

Ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuyikima, ukugubhazela komhlaba kungenzeka ngeqela elithile. Oko kukuthi, ngamanye amaxesha iziganeko ezingentla ziphantse zingabonakali, kubantu ngokukodwa. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha leli qela libhubhisa, umzekelo - i-Neftegorsk (iSakhalin). Kumephu yaseRashiya akukho ndawo ehlala kuyo, nokuba kunjalo, akukho mntu uhlala khona. Iindawo ezibonakalisiweyo ziye zomelele kangangokuba ubuqhetseba bomhlaba bephukile, obangela ukutshabalalisa izakhiwo nokufa kwabantu. I-Neftegorsk, inyikima eyathatha ubomi abaninzi, yayisusulwa ngokupheleleyo ebusweni bomhlaba. Siza kuxubusha ngoku ngakumbi ngezantsi.

Intsimi yelizwe lethu inezibonakaliso ezininzi zesenzo seismism, nangona ezinye iintlekele zemvelo ziye zaba yintlekele yangempela. Kukho imimandla apho kunokwenzeka khona inyikima enkulu. Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kwe-40% yommandla waseRashiya usengozini. Ezi zibandakanya iindawo apho iinyikima zomhlaba ezingaphezu kwama-6 amanqaku zenzeka yonke iminyaka engama-500. I-9% yintsimi ineklasi ephakamileyo yenyikima, oko kukuthi, bangabommandla kunye nobuninzi beentlanzi ezininzi - kwizinga lika-Richter bafikelela kumanqaku angama-8-9. Ezi ndawo zizwe ziquka i-Altai, i-Sayan Range, i-Baikal, iIceland Islands, iKamchatka, iTransbaikalia neSakhalin.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba eRashiya, kubhalwe kutshanje

Ziziphi iindyikima zaseRashiya ngoku kutshanje? Ezi ntlekele zendalo zingabanjelwa isiganeko eTuva. Ngo-2012, inyikima yokulinganisa 3.2 kwizinga lika-Richter yabhalwa ngaseKyzyl. Kwaqala nge-7 yintsimbi ekuseni. Ukulimala kwakungekho ekuboneni ukuba inyikima yayingamandla. Kwimimandla efanayo ngonyaka ka-2011 kwakukho inhlekelele engokwemvelo yamandla angama-9 kwi-epicenter kunye namaqondo angama-6 kwimimandla. Umsebenzi wobugcisa obususela kuDisemba ukuya ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Kodwa ekubeni i-epicenter yale nyikima yafumaneka kumgama ongaphezu kwe-100 km ukusuka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane, amaxhoba kunye nokubhujiswa akuzange kubonwe. Kodwa ukuthungqwa komhlaba kungabonakala kule mimandla elandelayo:

1. Buryatia.
2. Isiqithi sase-Irkutsk.
3. Khakassia.
4. Indawo yaseKrasnodar.

Imimandla ephambili exhomekeke kwimisebenzi yentshukumo iyaqatshelwa, kuquka iKyzyl, iSakhalin, kwimaphu yaseRashiya.

Neftegorsk

I-Neftegorsk yeSithili saseSakhalin yidolophu encinci yaseRashiya enabantu abangaphezu kwamawaka amathathu abantu. Yaye yakhiwa njengedolophu yokujikeleza yabasebenzi beoli. Yasekwa ngo-1964. Kodwa, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka, yonke into yesikhashana ibe yigxina. Kutheni uphuma kuloo mzi, apho kukho umsebenzi ohlawulela phezulu, ikhaya elihle? Ngokukodwa ukususela kuba le yidolophu yesifundazwe, kodwa ipholile kwaye ihlambuluke, apho kukho i-kindergartens, isikolo, njl.

Ngo-1995 - unyaka wezenzo ezingabonakaliyo zobugcisa kwi-Ocean Ocean. Ebusika, inyikima yaseJapan yayithatha abantu abangaphezu kwama-5 000. Ama-seismologists aseRussia alindele ukuyikima komhlaba phezu kweMpuma Ekude naseKamchatka. Akukho mntu wacinga ukuba kungekudala i-Neftegorsk yayiza kubakho. Idolophu yokuphila yindawo yenkcubeko yeoli. Akukho mntu walindele inyikima apha. Ngasenyakatho yeSakhalin bekuye kwathathwa njengommandla wezinto ezingaphantsi kwesimo sezulu kunengxenye esezantsi okanye kwiiIrile Island.

Neftegorsk: inyikima

Kwakungalindelekanga, ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuyingozi. Ngobusuku boMeyi 28, 1995, xa abantu abaninzi belele, idolophu yaseNeftegorsk , idolophana encinane yephondo, yayisitshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo eSakhalin. Le nyikima iyona yonakalisa kakhulu eRashiya ngekhulu lama-20. Lathi malunga nabantu abayi-2 amawaka. Ukuphulukana ebusweni bomhlaba le ndawo.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwi-Neftegorsk (1995) Iziphumo

Ngenxa yesigxobhozo seSakhalin,

1. 17 izindlu zephaneli ezinhlanu.
2. Sikolo.
3. Ibhaka.
4. Iqela.
5. Igumbi lokudlela.
6. Izindlu zamashishini abucala.
7. Bridges.
8. Iindlela kunye nokunye

Kwaye kwanele ukunyusa, kwaye phantse zonke izakhiwo ngokulala kwabantu ziphendukile zibe yimfumba yamatye. Ngaphantsi kwabo bahlala bengcwaba bephila ngaphezu kwama-2300 abantu. Abantu abangaphantsi kwama-400 baphumelele, aba-37 babo bafa esibhedlele.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwidolophana

Kwagqitywa ukuba ayibuyise i-Neftegorsk. Inyikima iye yacima le dolophu kwimaphu yaseRashiya. Ngomnyaka ofanayo, ekwindla, yapheliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku kule ndawo inqabileyo enxantyambo kunye namatye angcwaba kunye nesicikhumbuzo. Amacwecwe ahlala kwindawo yesakhiwo esineziqendu ezinhlanu. Kwaye isikhumbuzo sikhumbuzo sivulekile kwindawo apho ibhola labafundi abaphumelele ngayo isikolo, bezinikele ekufowuneni lokugqibela. Unyaka ngamnye ngoMeyi 28 abantu beza kule ndawo baya kunquba baze bahloniphe imemori yabafileyo.