Isiseko sendawo wengingqi self-government: ingqiqo kunye nemigaqo

Organisation kunye nokufezekiswa ngamandla kweli lizwe kuhlangene ukuba isakhiwo sayo sobummandla. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba umsebenzi izakhiwo zikamasipala kunye karhulumente lwenziwa ngaphakathi kwimida kweeyunithi yolawulo ezithile apho urhulumente ehlukene. Cinga phambili ingqikelelo zeenqwelwana semida karhulumente weengingqi.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Isiseko sendawo ukuba umbutho karhulumente wengingqi i kwiziko okhethekileyo. It iqulathe uluhlu lwemithetho elawula nokulungiswa ngoobani kunye nokusekwa iiyunithi zolawulo, imida MO, imithetho noku kunyanisa kunye notshintsho. Ukungqinelana nomgaqo-siseko, balapho-urhulumente oluqhutywa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ezidolophini, kwezinye iindawo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imbali, ezenkcubeko kunye nezinye izithethe. Esi sibonelelo ichazwe kuMthetho Federal №131. Isenzo olumisiweyo ingcamango zeenqwelwana ezifunda urhulumente wengingqi kukwaquka ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi efana kwizithili ezisezidolophini, imimandla intracity imizi Fed. ixabiso kwimimandla kamasipala. Ithi ukuba ekusekeni natshintsha imida leeyunithi yolawulo yenziwa ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo yomthetho lwengingqi.

omasipala

Bona iiyunithi yolawulo ngaphakathi apho igunya liyafezekiswa. MOD langoku impahla kamasipala, alawulwa yi isakhiwo labemi. Ngokungqinelana isiseko uMthetho Federal №131 sendawo wengingqi self-government zezi:

1. zokuhlala zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini.
2. kwizithili zikamasipala.
3. abakwizithili ezisezidolophini.

Isiseko sendawo balapho-urhulumente ubonelela ulwabiwo kwizithili mzi Fed. amanani. Phakathi kwezi iiyunithi amandla kwanokusetyenziswa kwayo yenziwa ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa abemi imbalo, kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

zokuhlala

iziseko zomthetho kunye semida karhulumente wengingqi ibimele ukuba ukunika oomasipala igunya ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene ekuqinisekiseni ubomi nemisebenzi kubemi abahlala kwiSebe lezoKhuselo. zokuhlaliswa wabiza omnye okanye zokuhlala eziliqela. Babe iidolophu, iilali, kwilali, ilali, iilali, nemizana, iilali, njalo-njalo. Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini baqonda amandla abemi ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa amaziko karhulumente elinyuliweyo kunye nezinye.

kwizithili zikamasipala

Bayamanyana emdeni zokuhlala eziliqela. Xa oomasipala igunya laphumeza abasemagunyeni ngemiba unesimilo inter-kamasipala. Okuqukiweyo kwezi zokuhlala, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kufuneka isangqa zabo izakhono. Power kwiindawo zikamasipala nayo wenziwe ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo labemi ezenziwa ngabo.

Borough

Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba kwakheka kwi isiseko zokuhlala kwingingqi, kwingingqi okanye kubaluleke yesizwe. isiseko sendawo wengingqi self-government kwizithili ezisezidolophini kwenza kube lula ukuba ukusombulula imiba enxulumene zombini koomasipala kunye zokuhlala ngaphakathi kubo. Ukongeza, ezinye amagunya karhulumente lingaphunyezwa phakathi kwezi yunithi zolawulo.

isiseko sendawo wengingqi self-government: ingqiqo kunye nemigaqo

Ngo-2005, iSebe lezoKhuselo ubeke imida, iindawo zokuhlala ezidolophini nasemaphandleni, kwizithili zikamasipala kunye counties. Isiseko sendawo wengingqi self-government ukuchaza izibonelelo ezingundoqo ezimalunga kwemida kweeyunithi zolawulo enye kwenye. Bona buchazwa Art. 11 lomThetho Federal №131. Phakathi amanqaku aphambili kufanele kuphawulwe:

1. nakwinkalo yesifundo RF kufuneka imida phakathi zokuhlala. Iindawo apho inani elincinane, ukongeza kwiiyunithi zembali umhlaba omelene karhulumente, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba zemveli, ezolonwabo kunye nezinye iindawo, asikwazi kufakwa imida.
2. Ummandla zokuhlala, kubandakanywa nabo evela kwiindawo eziphantsi nengxinano yabemi, iindawo inter-yokuhlala zifakiwe kwimimandla kaMasipala. Ngaphandle kule Ngumthetho nakwizithili ezisezidolophini.

Imigaqo zeenqwelwana ezifunda urhulumente wengingqi kwakhona ukunika ukuba yokuhlala kuyilwa ilizwe phambili ngokwembali, ngamayelenqe ezingqonge kunye lilonke endalo zemveli, iindawo zolonwabo (nokuba injongo kunye nefom zobumnini).

labantu

isiseko sendawo balapho-urhulumente edityaniswe kwinani labemi abahlala ngaphakathi kwilizwe ethile. Kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ziquka kwilali enye okanye isixeko. Ngokuhambelana kunye nesicwangciso ngokubanzi kumafa zaso, kuquka iindawo ezisetyenziselwa uphuhliso kwezithuthi, ezentlalo kunye nezinye iziseko. Le yokuhlala ezisemaphandleni ibandakanya kwenye idolophu / kwilali, abemi kulo abantu abangaphezu kwe-1000. (Kuba kwiindawo ezixineneyo - ngaphezulu kwe-3 amawaka abantu ..). Baya unokuba ezitshatileyo izinto ezininzi, nganye kuzo likhaya ngaphantsi kwe-1 amawaka. Man. A mthetho lingamiselwa kwimithetho yengingqi. Umzekelo, kwesimo seendawo zokuhlala zasemaphandleni uyakwazi ukufumana umba, inani yabemi apho ngaphantsi kwe-1 amawaka. Abantu. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo lexinene yabemi wesifundo kunye nokufumaneka ntsimi. Iindawo elinabemi abantu ngaphantsi kwe-100., Kubandakanywa nabo ingxinano eliphantsi labemi, kwaye ibekwe kwiindawo ezikude, asinakwamkelwa kwisimo onjalo.

imida

isiseko sendawo wengingqi self-government ithi njengeziko yolawulo kamasipala wesithili, idolophu / isixeko abanokusebenza, eyaziyo, imo County. Imida zokuhlala, oquka iingongoma ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zisetwe nokufumaneka ngeenyawo. Sithabathela ingqalelo umgama ukuya kwiziko lolawulo ubuyele kubahlali zonke izinto zifakiwe kumafa yayo. Lo mthetho ayikwazi ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo kwiindawo ezixineneyo eliphantsi kwaye zibekwe kwiindawo ingafikeleleki ekude. Intsimi yeendawo zokuhlala kufuneka ibandakanye idolophu ngokupheleleyo. Yena akakwazi ukuya kwenye indawo. Kummandla wesithili kamasipala kwizithili ezisezidolophini azifakwanga. iindawo Umda echazwe ngokungqinelana imfuneko ukuphuhlisa kuzise zokulungisa intersettlement izakhiwo umlinganiswa eligunyazisiweyo ngamandla.

ifuthe

isiseko sendawo wengingqi self-government simisela uluhlu lwemithetho ngokwendlela apho ityala ufumana iwonga kwisithili sixeko. Oku kwenziwa ngumthetho yengingqi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zothutho ezikhoyo, ezentlalo kunye nezinye izibonelelo, apho kukho imfuneko yokuba isigqibo wokuzimela kwimiba amagunya kamasipala enxulumene nolawulo lwazo, kunye nokuphunyezwa gospolnomochy ngamnye.

Iimpawu ukwanda kwabantu

isiseko Territorial of local self-karhulumente ekumiseleni inkqubo apho kwinani labemi uthathwa encinane. Kuba kwiindawo ezixineneyo ephantsi, ingakumbi, iindawo apho inani abemi amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe kathathu ngaphantsi kwe-avareji kuzo zonke emizaneni lizwe. Ngako oko, ezixineneyo uthatha kwinani labemi yokudlula avareji izihlandlo ezi-3. Uluhlu lwezifundo, ezinye kwimimandla kuphawu inani labantu abahlala ngaphakathi kubo abemi, evunywe yi-Government. Ukuvumelana olu luhlu Akavumela ngaphezu kwexesha 1 engama-5.

Ukutshintsha imida

iziseko sobummandla kunye lombutho wengingqi self-government esekwe kwi-siseko, oko kusenziwa isigqibo ukuhamiswa delimiting imigca phakathi zokuhlala kwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo izimvo zabantu abahlala ngaphakathi kubo. Ngokutsho Art. 12 lomThetho Federal №131 ukutshintsha imida kwi inyathelo sabantu, federal izakhiwo, yengingqi, kamasipala yamandla kunikezelo umxholo ohambelana yomthetho. Kwimeko yokuqala, zimvo. Eli liphulo likarhulumente / abasemagunyeni kamasipala ekhutshwe izigqibo zabo. umxholo yomthetho ayifanele izinto ezibandakanyekileyo ngexesha lokhankaso lolonyulo ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo zikarhulumente kamasipala kwaye ngexesha zimvo. Ukutshintsha imida yezithili, nto leyo yakhokelela kwezinye iinxalenye Ministry of Defence iya kuhlawuliswa kwezinye iqumrhu, wenziwe kwemvume abemi abahlala kuzo. Oku kubonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa kuvotwa okanye iindibano ingqalelo ngokoluvo (ummeli) owiso Izidumbu amandla oomasipala.

into ebaluleke

In FZ №131 exclusion iwaranti eqhotyoshelweyo ziqalise inkqubo yokutshintsha imida igunya zokuhlala ukuba kuthetha ukuncipha kwamanani zabo. izikhokelo ezingundoqo kulo mba kwinqaku langoku. 12 h. 5 norm esekwe ukuba ukunciphisa inani labantu seendawo zokuhlala ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ubuncinane emva kokuba kumiselwe imida akubi usebenze njengesiseko ezaneleyo ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa abakuzo, federal / engingqi izakhiwo inkqubo yabo ukulungiswa.

Guqulela MOD

Kuyinto kunxulumano ezikhoyo, ngokwahlukana kwabo, ukutshintsha kwemeko iyihlawule ukuqaphela yesithili ezidolophini okanye ngaphandle kolu didi. Imigaqo ngokwendlela apho kwenzeka inguqu, zichazwe kwi Art. 13 lomThetho Federal №131. Ngokutsho liyana, ezi nkqubo yenziwa xa isindululo federal imibutho yasekuhlaleni,, kwingingqi okanye kuluntu. Kwimeko yokugqibela, isigqibo siya kuthathwa kwi-zimvo. abasemagunyeni ngesigqibo oqulunqwe mimiselo. Ukudibanisa zokuhlala apho ezingabandakanyi ukutshintsha imida nabanye oomasipala, kunye imvume kubemi endaweni nganye. Lubonakaliswa okanye ivoti kwiintlanganiso. Xa udibanisa iinkalo-2 okanye ngaphezulu apho namanye amaziko abekho phantsi utshintsho umda, ngokwembono yabantu. Oku kubonakaliswa izakhiwo ezimele kummandla ngamnye. Ukwahlulwa zokuhlala, ebangela ukuba kusekwe zokuhlala ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu, kunye nemvume yabemi nganye kuzo. Lubonakaliswa kwiintlanganiso okanye ngokuvota. Esekungcoleni kwisithili kamasipala, ngokwembono yabantu. Oku kubonakaliswa liqumrhu ummeli.

ukutshintsha kwemeko

Kuliwa ngokuhambelana nemithetho yendawo. Settlement ukuze ingqalelo kwisithili kwedolophu okanye anqunyulwe le status. Ukutshintsha olu phawu lwenziwa kwemvume abemi bayo, kwakunye nenani labantu zesithili, ukususela okwakhiwa kuyo eyabelwe. Uluvo lwabantu kubhalwe ibhokisi lokuvota. Kuliwa ngokwahlukileyo kwisithili kunye zokuhlala. Xa kungekho nkqubo yemvume sokujika kunye ukutshintsha kwemeko ayivumelekanga.

isiphelo

Uxwebhu engundoqo esicacisa sikhokelo sobummandla kunye kwamaziko karhulumente wengingqi uMthetho Federal №131. Lo mmiselo esichaza imimiselo yoMgaqo-siseko,, awayinyulayo geqe oomasipala kwimiba enxulumene kolawulo lwabo kuphela. Njengoko kubonakala mthetho, icandelo lolawulo-ndawo usebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo kurhulumente.