Mudflow e Sochi, Georgia, Taba ne Lars

Ukuba abanomdla ukubukela feeds iindaba kwiziganeko kweli lizwe nakwihlabathi, kuvamile ukubona imifanekiso, iividiyo iintlekele zemvelo zibangelwa mudslide. Ngo ehlabathini iba ngakumbi nangakumbi: Ingaba kwamaqondo obushushu ityala, mhlawumbi, nemisebenzi yabantu, okanye umhlaba yethu ngokwayo uhamba ngamaxesha athile 'ezinkulu "ngembali yayo ngenxa ezinye izizathu, kodwa iintlekele basoloko ziyafana. abantu luvalo, iimbacu, amakhaya elahlekileyo kunye nempahla, wabulala imfuyo kunye nenkangeleko ngobhongwana, izolo kuphela kwabonakala ngumntu wasentsomini, yaye namhlanje bafana kumfanekiso bhanya kwi umxholo Apocalypse. Ekubeni mudflow ngendlela efanayo, yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze aphephe ukufa nentshabalalo, okanye wenze iziphumo ubuncinane intlekele?

Yintoni yezolimo kwindalo na?

Eli gama iingcambu Arabhu. Le nguqulelo lithetha "flow lesiphithiphithi". ubunzima udaka ezinodaka, yokugoqoza ngesantya esikhulu, ohlwayela ukufa, kususa ndiyisuse into yonke endleleni yayo - izakhiwo, ubume, kunye nabemi bawo bonke, ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya eLuntwini. Mudflow iqulethe inclusions ezininzi nzima: amatye amakhulu nezincinane, amasuntswana amatye, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, kuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ubunzima iyonke. kwiidolophana ezininzi ezintabeni apho ixesha elide, zinembali ende, uphambuke ezintethweni ngokonwaba iintlekele zemvelo, kodwa indalo kukho into engaqhelekanga, engaqhelekanga (ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwemvula ixesha elide, ukufudumala ngokukhawuleza, kudityaniswe kwalowo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ikhephu, kukho glacier ezintabeni) - yaye into embi Le Indlela Kufika. Iqhuba izinto bhe ngokuqhelekileyo siphila ixesha elifutshane, kuba iiyure eziliqela, kodwa oku ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kubangele noqhekeko phakathi kwiminyaka embalwa umonakalo imvelo kanye nabantu, njengoko, umzekelo, oko kwathi emva mudslide 2013 eGeorgia. Emva koko, ngenxa yobubi kuye wakhubazeka ngokupheleleyo yendlela. umonakalo omkhulu ngokwaneleyo kuzise kwaye mudflow e Taba (kuya kubonisa ngomzuzwana).

iimpawu

Mudflow has a ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu ehambayo. ubunzima udaka zidla ngokuvela ngesiquphe, ngaphandle kokuvumela ngokwaneleyo ukuze bathathe amanyathelo zokusebenza ukukhusela abantu kunye nendalo. Mudflow eliquka rock nzima kuqhutywa ngesantya 2.4 ukuya 6.4 ngomzuzwana. Ngenxa shwaka landscape ezingqongileyo ingathatha lichaza ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo: amatye kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa uphazamisane olungaselunxwemeni ezintsha kunye nemisinga, umaleko kobutyobo kunye ngumhlaba piedmont otyebileyo kusetyenziswa kucace ukuba sikhule izityalo kunye amadlelo. Tathu Valley iba yefileyo kwaye akafanelekanga ukuba zokuphila kunye nomsebenzi. Mudflow angaya kumanqanaba aliqela, kunye wave entsha ngamnye nangakumbi nokwandisa ubukhulu yentlekele.

Zintoni izinto ezibangela le efumaneka kwindalo?

1. Ovuthuzayo kwemvula ixesha elide. Ukuba kwimeko "umkhukula yehlabathi" ekuhlaleni, bakhangela kakuhle kunye zisihla kwiintaba mudflows, otshabalalayo abantu kunye nezakhiwo.
2. Ukufudumala Sharp, nto leyo iba umlinganiswa ngamaxesha athile, okanye off-lonyaka, nto leyo kunokubangela ukunyibilika ikhephu kunye ezihambayo. Ifunyanwa phantsi ilali glacier isoloko kwandisa amathuba.
3. Kwiindawo nge icala esikhulu somlambo nga uwiso inxalenye ebalulekileyo komhlaba kunye kobutyobo kunye ngaloo ukuvala komfula, uyithumele kwenye, indlela engalindelekanga, zekhephu adubule.

Yintoni ukukhonza izinto njengoko ezongezelelweyo, ukumqumbisa lishwangusha?

iingcambu Umthi kunokulomeleza umphantsi nomphezulu womhlaba, inqandwa yiyo ihamba, naxa baboniswa nokuphuma mvula okanye imo yezulu kuba ukugawula singacinganga ehlathini ehlathini - ngomnye wemiba ephambili ukwanda isoyikiso ziintlekele zendalo kule hlobo. Wahlala phantsi oonobangela bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu: ngenxa kukhukuliseko kunye ukuyila landslip.

Baphi nakujoliso olutsha engase yingozi?

Okuyingozi kwixesha elide, kunokuba nayiphi inxalenye njengomlambo ntaba, leyo oluhlala beqhutywa lula imisinga yamanzi umhlaba, eweni. Kusenokuba basike okanye mizila, kwakunye nepokotho saa mudflow.

ngezigaba nakujoliso olutsha

Imigodi - imfundo kumathambeka, Wayixakaxa eweni, Turf kunye nezinye iindawo, ukuba ezincinane ubude kunye nobunzulu, abe engalubambi yingozi, kwada komlambo, nto leyo inokukhokelela ukuhamba zeengxondorha. Liqatywe - imfundo esekelwe iidiphozithi gquma, ezinxulumene utshintsho elibukhali ukuphakama kwayo. La mandulo kakhulu. ukusikwa Young ekunokwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi yakutshanje-mlilo, yaye ngenxa landslides, Udaka. Ukusikwa imingxuma ezinkulu ubunzulu kunye nobungakanani. mudflow saa esinokubakho kwiindawo intaba apho ingqalelo kakhulu amaqhekeza amatye, imo yezulu iimveliso. indawo umphezulu enjalo kakhulu zingavela inyikima kutshanje, inkqubo esebenzayo ziitectonic plates. Umphezulu kwezi vee igutyungelwe emathunjini, apho iimveliso ngcembe ukufumba kobutyobo, apho, phantsi kwemiqathango ethile, ukuba bahlanganisane ukuze ijelo elinye kunye nokuthoba namandla alo izinto zibekwe ethambekeni.

Indlela ukunqanda zekhephu?

Ukususela esinye sezizathu eziphambili sokuqokelela amanzi nokunye kukulahlekelwa ehlathini limi, le ngxaki ukuze basombulule emasimini. izakhiwo hydraulic (zamanzi, manzi, lokuzoba), ukuphambukisa ngokwenza imijelo yingozi nako ukubonelela elihle kakhulu. Ukufakelwa amadami kwindlela imilambo eziyingozi kunye ezazikwi- kulibazise yinxalenye inkxaso evela kwithambeka ubunzima, nto leyo buthathaka kancinane amandla yayo ebulalayo. Naziphi na ezinye izakhiwo (wemihadi, amachibi, amadama) Kwakhona ukunciphisa ingozi ntlekele, kubalulekile ukuba ukomeleza oluyingozi, ukuthintela ukhukuliseko lwabo olongezelelweyo, ingakumbi xa ebekwe kwi kunxweme sakhiwo. Ukususela lokudlula mudflows rhoqo abaphethwe ukusuka endleleni, ukukhuselwa apho kuyacetyiswa ukwakha neengcedevu (ilitye okanye ufakelo lwesamente) endleleni okanye ngaphantsi kwawo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo-ezisemngciphekweni.

Le zekhephu idumileyo kunye neziphumo zazo, ibhalwe inzululwazi zembali

1. Ukususela 17 18 Agasti 1891 kwi Tyrol kwi Austria Alps,, wehla a mudflow elikhulu: ngumtshangatshangiso ifikelele kubude yeemitha-18, indawo elikhulu elo legqunyiwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze kobutyobo flow abaninzi.
2. Matshi 1, 1938 yantlitha Los Angeles, yaza yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-200.
3. July 8, 1921 Feed wabetha Alma-Ata (ngoku Alma-Ata), amaza eziliqela bazisa ezigidi 3.5 square metres esixekweni. m izinto nzima.
4. Ngowe-1970, kwabakho ingozi ePeru, yaza yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-60,000 ngenxa yomsebenzi kobutyobo flow, yaye 800.000 awakhutshwa, walahlekelwa ipropati yabo, basala ngaphandle uphahla phezu kwentloko yazo.

iingozi namhlanje

1. January 24, 2013 kweza mudslide in Sochi. Wamiswa ngenxa okufika ngobuchule kwenziwa umsebenzi ngokwakhiwa iinqaba yolawulo wesixeko.
2. May 8, 2014 ngomhla emdeni eYiputa amaSirayeli ngenxa yeemvula ukuba waphuphuma neehotele ezininzi. Yafika mudflow e Taba, wabetha indlela. Imiphumo esaba ingadlulanga iveki.
3. May 17, 2014 kweza mudslide e Georgia, kufuphi zokuhlala Gveleti. Flow ezivaliweyo Terek umlambo. inxalenye yendlela sele ivaliwe "Vladikavkaz-Lars" yabonakala nezikhukula kwiilali eziliqela usongo. Ingxaki sele kudlule - amanzi "wafumana" ijelo lexeshana, yaye inqanaba yayo abazange ngaphezulu amanqanaba yingozi. Xa wehla mudslide e Lars, amanyathelo ayimfuneko ngokuba sithathwe kwexesha, abantu balapha nangoko bakhutshwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.