Monument ku Krylov kwi-Garden Summer. Krylov lesikhumbuzo eMoscow kwi kwamachibi i uMphathi kaThixo

Monument ku Krylov in the Summer Garden of Saint Petersburg lasekwa ngo-1855, iminyaka elishumi elinanye emva kokufa fabulist enkulu Russian. Lifakwe phambi Tea House, yaye oko kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indawo leyo andinyulanga kwangoko. oqingqiweyo Okokuqala wayefuna ukubeka kufuphi kwilayibrari karhulumente - umsebenzi yokugqibela umbhali, kufutshane emva koko ukuya kwisakhiwo University Vasilyevsky Island Northern Capital. Kwakhona ukhetho nokubekwa lesikhumbuzo kwi Necropolis of Amagcisa (Krylov yokungcwaba indawo). Kodwa ekugqibeleni, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukubeka iqela oqingqiweyo kwi Summer Garden, apho fabulist wayekuthanda ukuhamba yaye mhlawumbi ndicinga ngabalawulwa imisebenzi yabo.

nosaziwayo abaninzi Russian zaye self-wafundisa

Umbhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle, intatheli, imfundo, Ivan Andreevich Krylov, ezikhumbuzo ngoku zingafunyanwa kuphela kwi eSt Petersburg, wazalwa entsatsheni lempi umhlala-phantsi ngo-1769. umsebenzi kwakhe kwaqala Urals yaye yaseTver, apho usapho waphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama amahlwempu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, umbhali omkhulu Russian mna na baye bafumana imfundo. ulwazi lwakhe iilwimi ezimbini zasemzini, uncwadi, kunye nezibalo umntu kunayo ixesha kwakufuneka ukuba bazifundise kunye nomsebenzi esemncinane kwi podkantselyarista post.

Monument yabamba umntu

Monument Ivan Krylov, ogama imisebenzi ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi zapapashwa amazwe (e Paris), ibonisa kumntu obudala. Ngapha koko, kwiminyaka evuthiwe umbhali weza uzuko nempumelelo. Ebutsheni bakhe wasebenza gosa nje, emva kokuba sifudukele eSt Petersburg. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinamine, wabhala mdlalo for "Kofeynitsa" opera eyahlulelwe ukuba lenkolo amagosa ezincinane zephondo, apho umbhali wayesazi ukuba ubomi bakhe. Kufuphi wamashumi omathathu bakhe uvelisa zikwenza kubonakale ngathi eziliqela, nto leyo ke, musa kuphumelele, ipapasha ijenali Unikela apho ububi nabasebenzi bakarhulumente ( "imimoya Post").

Baba awonwabanga nabalawuli Russian

Ngowe-1792, Ivan Andreevich Krylov, yezikhumbuzo zifakelwe e Moscow, yaseTver, naseNovosibirsk, iqala ukuba wenze uvuthondaba kwezopolitiko, yimpumelelo kangangokuba arhola ingqalelo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, nto leyo ekhokelela kufudukela intatheli ukusuka St Petersburg ukuya Riga kunye eMoscow ngokunxulumene ukunganeliseki kunye neenkokheli eli lizwe. Kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo Krylov eshenxela ekusebenzeni journalistic kwaye uhamba ngokubanzi, ukutyelela Ukraine, Tambov, Saratov kunye nezinye izixeko.

Emva kokufa uKumkanikazi Krylov waba unobhala Prince Golitsyn kunye nomfundisi abantwana bakhe, ukubhala comedy, kubandakanywa anti-norhulumente ( "uhlobo olunganeno okanye uloyiso"), litolika iintsomi of La Fontaine babhala imisebenzi yabo yale uhlobo. Kwaye 1808 sele wakhululwa zintsomi elinesixhenxe, eziquka yenene "I Elephant kunye lengubo-izinja."

Umbhali uye wadala kwaye iguqulelwe zintsomi malunga 200

Monument Krylov Summer Garden abqwalaselwe P. Klodt sele njenge isiseko amagaqa lenyengane, apho kubonelelwa benezifundo imikrolo umbhali idumileyo intsomi apho intsomi ibe imveliso kwi iprowuzi okanye izibongo, equlethe baziphathe (ekuseni okanye ekupheleni). Kule italente uhlobo Krylov wabeka kakhulu ngokucacileyo. Kuzo zonke yena wabhala waza waguqulela zintsomi malunga 200, kuquka iintshukumisa inguqulelo ekuqaleni kugquba isiFrentshi, uze emva koko kwafika amabali ezikhethekileyo ezibonisa neengxaki zobomi Russian ngelo xesha.

Monument zintsomi Krylov kunye noMdali ngenxa neminikelo abalandeli umsebenzi wakhe. Abayithandayo ze italente yakhe ibe umbhali wanceda ekupapasheni imisebenzi yakhe. Ukususela ku-1809, bakhululwa iincwadi Krylov ezisithoba, equlathe abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini iintsomi. Kwaye ngo-1825, Count Orlov epapashwe ngeendleko zakhe kwikomkhulu French imiqulu emibini zezincoko kwi fabulist Italian, isiRashiya nesiFrentshi. Kule yokugqibela iminyaka yobomi bakhe Krylov wamiselwa uceba karhulumente, iindwendwe emnandi mali ka amawaka amathandathu, wabaqhuba kakhulu ubomi reclusive, slyvya lukhuni, elathi ukuba bazibandakanye kakuhle kumsebenzi wokudala.

ekhaya Zoo nomkroli Klodt

Monument ku Krylov e Garden Summer unika ithuba lokuba baziqhelanise amabali amathathu anesithandathu yeentsomi zakhe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba lo nomkroli Klodt wayeyindoda ngowaphelayo kunene inkosi. Ngoko ke, kubalinganiswa boncwadi zibethe ngendlela efanele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, wayalela izilwanyana eziphilayo, apho ibekwe eyadini kunye endlwini nomkroli. Kwakukho iikati, izinja, namaesile, amahashe, milenge, amasele nkqu ingcuka, ibhere kunye Lithole nebhere. Klodt ngesibindi wanyamezela kwindawo efanayo, ngaphandle kokuba ibhokhwe, leyo yena akazange afune ukuba phantsi kophahla enye, mhlawumbi ngenxa ivumba. Oku "imodeli" kwakhokelela naye umfazi owayehlala kufutshane. Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho legend, lebhokhwe wala ngamandla ukuya khona, apho kwakukho ezizingelayo, kwaye azenze imodeli i womzobi.

Ababephila ngexesha St. Petersburg lesikhumbuzo

Uphi na lesikhumbuzo ukuze Krylov e St. Petersburg, watyelelwa abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe abemkileyo ncomo malunga lesikhumbuzo, maxa wambi yinqobo kuye. Umzekelo, kwi-sikhokelo ngelo xesha bachaza ukuba umbhali ubonisa "okwenyaniso". Imbongi uMike wabhala umbongo sisincoko oqingqiweyo, apho uveza ukuba eziqulethwe fabulist metal Kubonakala ngathi umkhulu wami, kulowo ke ebantwini nabantwana bubudenge, ngokungaqheleki izilwanyana. UHorace P. Schumacher omngcikivileyo elaa litye lithe ukuya Krylov kwi ibonisa Summer Garden njenge umbhali "kunye lenyengane eziphakamileyo," ukhangela abantwana edlala yaye ucinga, "Owu guys nice, njani kakuhle, akuba mdala uMosis, nina izilwane." Taras Shevchenko naye akazange ayithande ingcamango nomkroli, yaye kokukuqwalasela oku ilitye elungiselelwe abantwana kodwa hayi abadala. Noko ke, le Umfanekiso kwi Garden Summer limele phantse 160 iminyaka, gqolo nguye abatyeleli.

Apho lesikhumbuzo umkhulu Krylov eMoscow? Le lesikhumbuzo idumileyo, abakhenkethi, Kakade ke, xa kwamachibi uMphathi kaThixo. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo isikhumbuzo umbhali inokufumaneka kwiinkundla eziqhelekileyo eMoscow. Kutshanje, ngowama-2013, uAndrew Aseryants, nomkroli, ngokugweba ezaqanjwa ezimbini esekelwe edume "I Elephant lengubo-izinja" kunye "I Fox kunye Crow". Kummandla Kolomenskoye eyadini yendlu phezu imikhumbi esitratweni, ungabona kakhulu nendlovu enkulu, nto leyo ehambelana ngenxa lengubo-izinja amancinane, kwaye unomyayi ehleli esibondeni ayikenziwa ilahlekile kunye netshizi belinde emazantsi impungutye. Ukongeza, kukho kungabonwa imifanekiso wokuchwetheza kunye noxwebhu lwephepha ngepeni kwaye inki.

Umbhali kunye amaqhawe imisebenzi yakhe amachibi

Krylov Monument ukuba kwamachibi uBhishophu kaThixo elibekwe kakhulu ngaphambi manani kwi imikhumbi esitratweni. It wadalwa yi womzobi wayesebenza Chaltykyan kunye abakroli Mitlyansky kunye Drevin. Ukubunjwa yasekwa ngo-1976 yaye fabulist, ehleli imposingly kwi esitulweni, apho ibekwe ukuqhela abalinganiswa imisebenzi yakhe. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana kwi indlovu buyadlula, kwaye nendawo ya ku kukhanya Moska, le duo Pava neenkomo, nto leyo eba isibini ukulawula bumba padlock, isiqinisekiso somtshato. Popular impumlo kunye neendlebe ingcuka yentsomi "I ingcuka nemvana", lo gama imvu phantse ngokupheleleyo kunxitywe. Iindwendwe kwakhona ungathanda tipakani impumlo kwe impungutye yentsomi, njengoko unomyayi segolide izandla enemizila kupolishiwe ezininzi abadlulayo-sisi.

Krylov ngasemfuleni uMphathi ibonisa umntu kweminyaka ezihambela banxibe. Ekukholelwa ukuba abakroli kubonakala ukuba waphawula ebomini umkhuba wayo umbhali enkulu akanamdla kakhulu kwihlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye, ngaphandle weziyolo ezizwe. Ukutyisa Ivan Andreyevich, ngokutsho ababephila, wayethanda ngokwenene. Kwaye esipilini, mhlawumbi, wakhangela kungafane, ngokungafaniyo ubuntu bakhe - Monkeys, nto leyo nayo amelwe uBhishophu kunye reflection yakhe.

Inxalenye kwengoma ekhona kwindawo imikrolo

Mhlawumbi abakroli zibalo zintsomi kwi uMphathi, kwakunye kwaoko inkosi Klodt, hayi wayeyoliswa kakhulu zeebhokhwe, njengoko ubume elungiselelwe imveliso "abacula", ziphawulwe inkawu, ibhere kunye iesile, lo gama umlinganiswa elineempondwana kuphela 'wazilanda "kwimakhishithi metal. Eyakho "Stella" enikelwe ukuba ubuhlobo isibini wentsomi odumileyo "Le nengabangaba kunye ke inkuku." Apha ungabona umqhagi kwindawo tie isaphetha kunye nomhlobo nethandwayo. Kodwa nondlunkulu, owathetha amazwi ukuqhayisa efanayo, xa yokuqamba anayenza. Mhlawumbi nguye imihlambi oongqatyana ezazibhabha emva naphambili ngaphesheya ichibi epakini.

Ihagu, bane umthi kunye inkawu ngezibuko kunye iphumele

Phakathi izityalo ezininzi eluhlaza omnye but is ekhoyo - i-oki, etyekileyo iingcambu yehagu wemveliso-wondleke "ihagu phantsi komthi. ' Ukungqinelana okubhaliweyo kulo mthi iminyaka elikhulu, lo gama phakathi kwezityalo ngeenxa babe imizekelo abadala njengoko park kwi-Pomakazi yangaphambili kasolusapho Herman woyiswa kwinkulungwane yokuqala yeshumi elinesithoba. Kwaye kuyo kukho iinkawu ezininzi, kuquka lowo waba iingxaki kunye nombono wakhe, kodwa akazange akwazi ukusebenzisa iingongoma apho isaphetha kwi lesikhumbuzo ukuya sibini kwakhona ungathanda nokomeleza sivala.

Abakhenkethi akazange afumane nobugqi kufutshane lesikhumbuzo ku Krylov

Akwaziwa nokuba kukho iinightingale ngokwenene epakini, kodwa "umgxeki" elide-amafubesi kwintsomi "Idonki Nomlonji" ngomhlana ngcu esitulweni kunye intonga yakhe phezu kwenye kwezahlulo imikrolo. Iintaka kule ndawo oluhlaza ezininzi, ngoko izinto ekugxekweni kunokwenzeka kakhulu. Krylov ngasemfuleni kwamachibi uBhishophu ithe ibekwe kwindawo eyimfihlakalo. iziganeko Romana Bulgakova "Mfundisi noMargarita" iphuhliswe apha. Alley, apho Berlioz wadibana Woland kunye nabantu bakhe, lisondele kakhulu. Kodwa watyelela apha abakhenkethi bathi akukho nto eliyimfihlakalo kule mihla awuboni. Simply Square, apho uninakhulu ukuhamba nabantwana, abakhenkethi Russian kwaye, kakade, Buzani kubawo. Namhlanje, le park inkulu ngokwaneleyo engaphuhliswanga mihla ibala abantwana kwaye akukho nezitali kunye nombhalo "Beer namanzi" njengokuba umsebenzi Bulgakov kaThixo.

Ukuze nazi, khumbula

zodumo Krylov kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo (yaseTver, naseNovosibirsk) ziye zasekwa kwixesha yiSoviet kwimbali Russia yanamhlanje. Ngokukodwa, yaseTver ukukrola yavulwa ngomhla lwekhulu leminyaka emva kokufa inkosi ngo-1959 kwisitrato elinye isixeko (umhla engama lafika kwi-1944 imfazwe). Apha fabulist uboniswa ngayo ukuma oluziindleko kuye, simi phantse kwamanqwanqwa imitha emithathu (mzobo ngokwayo umntu ukuphakama kuyimitha ezine) phakathi ezitalatweni, apho wachitha kwasebuncinaneni bakhe. Ngo-2010, kwisixeko yenzululwazi naseNovosibirsk, fabulist abangazange watyelela, oko yasekwa ngokwaneleyo ukuze umhlalaphansi nenkangeleko zobutsha. Kwakhona imi kwisitrato enye, kangangokuba abantu ukhumbule lowo, ngokutsho Gogol, Ziqulethe ubulumko babantu.