Meningitis enkulisa: nantso indlela bangenwe, ukuba bangakunqanda njani esi sifo?

Meningitis ngokuba sisifo esibi apho ukudumba wabhenca ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Ibizwa ngokuba isifo kwiintsholongwane omnye okanye ngaphezulu, kusenokuba yintsholongwane okanye bacterium, ngundo.

Anikezele meningitis zaseprayimari, apho sifo ifomu ozimeleyo kwaye esibangelwa yintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane (ubukhulu becala meningococcus okanye Haemophilus influenzae influenzae). Badla ubunzima ebantwaneni, ulutsha, abantu abakhulileyo. Kukho kwakhona meningitis lesibini, ayinazo iiyantlukwano ezinxulumene-ubudala. Oko kwenzeka njengoko kwingxaki yezifo wentsholongwane egazini (imasisi, varicella, uqilikwane, rubella) okanye ubovu (otitis, sinusitis, nokudumba). Meningitis enkulisa - inkqubo yokuqala, yaye ngokufuthi ngakumbi oko kubangelwa nto ngaphezu meningococcus. Meningococcal meningitis luhlobo usulelo.

Yintoni isifo meningococcal?

Esi sifo sibangelwa igciwane, ezingadibenanga ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye zamathontsana emoyeni. Le bacterium siyasulela kakhulu, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kufa emoyeni opholileyo, ngoko ke ukwenzeka loqhambuko kunokwenzeka ngokudibana close okanye abantu kule ngaphakathi efudumeleyo.

80% amatyala zamabanga meningitis okuhlanganiswe meningococcus, kunye neentlobo kakhulu kwenzeka phantse kuzo abantwana ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu zobomi (abantwana iinyanga 6-10 ekhuselweyo yibhaktheriya izilwa koomama) okanye intsha ngenxa yokuba beye kodwa ixesha lokuba ukumelana nezifo kuyo . Ngoko ke, meningococcal meningitis sele kuthiwa "meningitis abantwana" (ngaphambi kokuba ngenxa infectiousness ekuthiwa bhubhane cerebrospinal).

Nyaka ngamnye, kukho iimeko ngamnye zosulelo meningococcal, ngoko babhala iqela meningococcal B. ke kanye qho emva kweminyaka emithathu okanye emine kukho ugqabhuko meningitis ebangelwa iqela meningococcal A izifo kwenzeka ngokufuthi ebusika nasentlakohlaza, oludityaniswe kunye nokwehla jikelele kwi okukwazi xesha, kunye nento yokuba ngeli xesha lonyaka, abantwana nokuhamba kwaye kweli gumbi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi yosulelo meningococcal. Kuyingozi kakhulu kubo ngokwalo infectiousness:

- buyo, xa umntu azive lokugula ngexesha elifanayo ngokubonakalayo kwisithuba seeveki 2-4 yi iintsholongwane emoyeni;

- nasopharyngitis meningococcal, nto leyo lula ukuluqhuba, ayisoloko ngoxilongo, njengokuba efana eqhelekileyo SARS.

Ezinye iintlobo zosulelo ezisongela ubomi. It kwenwebu (okanye meningoencephalitis) kunye septicemia meningococcal (meningococcemia). Meningitis enkulisa, okubangelwe yile gciwane akutsho ukuthi aqukuqela ephuma irhashalala, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokuba ulinde ngembonakalo yakhe. Kwakunye kukuvela i kwamaqhakuvana engaqhelekanga ngaphandle nayiphi na imiqondiso na isizathu sokuba le umnxeba "ambulensi" (hayi wezingane, oko kukuthi, "ER", njengokuba ngamanye amaxesha amanqaku aye imizuzu).

wenza njani meningococcal meningitis?

Isifo phantse lonke iqala wayibona, kodwa kwakhona ukuphuhlisa njenge kwingxaki ye nasopharyngitis meningococcal, ngoko ke uya kwandulelwa fever inobulali, impumlo esihambisayo, umqala obuhlungu kunye nobunzima. Iimpawu lokuqala - i yintloko ebuhlungu, nto leyo eyenzeka ngaxeshanye ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kumanani aphezulu. Kwakhona ivele ukugabha (ngokufuthi ephinda, emva kokuba kuba lula), photophobia. Ukunyuka kwesikhumba uvakalelo touch eqhelekileyo (aqala ukubangela ubuhlungu). Meningitis ingaqala ngokukhawuleza xa imbonakalo yintloko ebuhlungu ezingqondweni kakuhle kuthatha iiyure 2-3 kuphela, kodwa ungakwazi ukuthatha indawo kancinci.

Ukudideka ngokuqhelekileyo ivela njenge block leyo edakasa somnolence,, umntwana kube nzima ukuba ndimvuse. Ngamanye amaxesha le meko landulelwa unditsho (elifutshane elide elide nge ukwazi kakuhle), ngamanye amaxesha - uchulumanco kunye ukunganeli umntwana.

Irhashalala - ayiveli mandatory. Ukuba isifo meningococcal izinto ukujaduka phantse njalo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

- umbala mnyama;

- plotnovata ukuya ngaphandle kwebala, kubonakala ukuba ezivelileyo ngaphezu ngaphezulu elufeleni;

- badla ngokuqala ukuvela kwi ezandleni, iinyawo, imilenze, iingalo, ezinqeni, isiqu kunye nentloko - ke;

- iphetshana - kufutshane imilo inkwenkwezi;

- kungaba iindawo necrosis;

- irhashalala angabuyi kuba luthuthu xa ngokucinezela kulo ngeglasi okanye nesikhumba ngaphantsi.

Nokuba akukho zimpawu, irhashalala nje ongaqondakaliyo wabonakala phezu kwisiqalo iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, yaye akukho ezifanayo nawo, oko ithuba ukubiza "yezigulane."

Njani ukuba "ukubamba" meningitis enkulisa?

100% kule sifo ukusindiswa. Kodwa xa ukufutha mntwana, musa ukulibala malunga inani othintelo lwe iivithamini ngexesha kubanda, ngoko nangoko qhagamshelana wezifo Laura okanye izifo ezosulelayo xa ukukhohlela, yencindi yomlomo kunye neminye imiqondiso-SARS, unako ukuthintela nasopharyngeal meningococcal ethile ngakumbi. Ukuba afumaneka egadini usuleleko meningococcal, kuyimfuneko ukuba udibane liyincutshe sisifo esosulelayo malunga antibiotics umbala (mhlawumbi iyavakala ukuhambisa isityalo ukuya nasopharynx). Bonke abantu abadala xa kuthe iimpawu SARS lo mntwana ukuhamba imaski.

Inika isiqinisekiso enkulu kogonyo nxamnye meningococcus, apho kunokwenziwa kuphela abantwana abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini, qho emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine (kuxhomekeka isitofu). Emva kogonyo, oko ngokuqhelekileyo waphawula kuphela indlela zasekuhlaleni kunye nomkhuhlane ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-36 (it ethetha ukuyilwa sifo).

Ingakumbi eboniswe ugonyo abantwana unee ngxaki iziphene nenkqubo luvo, njengoko bazenze zambi enkulisa meningitis kuphuhlisa amaninzi.