Mashishini Cheboksary: iifoto, imbali, ifuthe kokusingqongileyo

Imbali Cheboksary mashishini ngokusondeleyo edibene imbali umzi apho yayakhiwe. Bekuya kuba kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba sithetha Cheboksary (emva HPP - Cheboksary). Noko ke, akunjalo; isixeko Igunya ithathwa ukuba Novocheboksarsk. Ukongeza, isikhululo umbane yinxalenye yothungelwano yeprojekthi enkulu, engekamithwa kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Konke oku, yaye hayi kuphela kuyo ziza kuchazwa apha.

Cheboksary HPP abalishumi "Big iVolga"

Phantsi isibhakabhaka, engqongwe ngemvelo Chuvashia, phakathi kwemimandla eluhlaza ngasechwebeni iVolga River, kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwikomkhulu zokwakha wamitha Cheboksary HPP (amandla ngamanzi) kwi imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Kufuneka ke ukuba akukho mntu wayecebe ukuba kwakhiwe isikhululo. Kwakukho idrafti "Big iVolga", eyayikhokelwa unjingalwazi AV Chaplygin. Ngokwesi sicwangciso kulindeleke ukuba kwakhiwe elinesibini ngamanzi, phakathi kwabo - izityalo amandla Cheboksary (bona ngezantsi ifoto.). Ezi zikhululo kwafuneka lijongane kwisizukulwana ngamandla nje kuphela, kodwa ukwenza yonke indlela kunye enzulu, edibanisa elwandle ezifana ne-White, iBaltic, Black and lweCaspian. Abenzi bemeko- olunzulu kunye bonke-union yaqalisa isicwangciso nangenyameko ekuphumezeni le projekthi.

Plan "Big iVolga" kwintshukumo

Kakade phambi 1940 wakha azii-3 kwali-10 (station Ivankovo, Uglichskaya kunye Rybinskaya). Kwaye oza kwakhela phezu kwalo. Noko ke, le projekthi kwakufuneka ukuba kumiswe: Enkulu Patriotic War.

Kule kwemfazwe iminyaka, iprojekthi "Enkulu iVolga" liye lahlaziywa kwaza unenzondelelo enkulu utshintsho. Kunokuba 10 izicwangciso aphehla kwakha-13, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle izitishi triple sele sakhiwe, Wamitha ke loo indalo iVolga River ephehla ugesi ngamanzi ngakumbi 6, yaye Kama - 4. Cheboksary mashishini Wema ethubeni lokuba wolwakhiwo ocwangcisiweyo ngoko nangoko emva kwizikhululo Gorki, Kuibyshev kunye Volgograd.

iikhilomitha ezine ngezantsi Cheboksary

In-nenani 50 "Hydroenergoproject" (Institute, ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso) wanikela umsebenzi - ukwakha isityalo ngamanzi kule ndawo Cheboksary Pihtulino - on ulungelelwaniso lakhe (a yeplani yoxhomekeko kule ndawo umlambo apho amacandelo kweli dama). Noko ke, kwakhona izicwangciso zange umiselwe ukuba baqaphela.

Neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini ngaphantsi Cheboksary

Xa 60s zesebe "Hydroenergoproject" kwi Kuibyshev wayilungisa kukhethwe ulungelelwaniso (wakhetha Pihtulinskogo Elnikovsky) kunye nokufumaneka izibonelelo ezisisiseko Station Cheboksary, kwakunye ulungiso wachukumisa uphawu kwinqanaba ichibi (imiselwe ku iimitha 68).

emzini Power

Phambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukwakhiwa kwamandla Cheboksary ngamanzi waqala ukwakha kwindawo entsha olundwendwe kufuphi Cheboksary kwi iVolga emlanjeni kuqala. enye nganye yayibizwa zwi, idolophu encinane elingummelwane komkhulu. Kodwa yakhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwasasazeka, kubandakanywa kwidolophana ekufutshane. Ngendlela, ukuba into yaqalwa ngo-1960, umzi isikhundla sakhe uye balinqabisa ngo-1965. neqabane Young wayefuna ukunika igama Illichivsk, kodwa batshintsha iingqondo zabo, kwaye isixeko waba Novocheboksarsk (ukuba gama ngokoqobo Liguqulwe lithatyathwa ulwimi Chuvash, lo Cheboksary entsha). Ngoku ke isixeko yesibini ngobukhulu kweli lizwe emva komkhulu.

umlando ophilayo

Ngenxa yokuba Novocheboksarsk ngokukhawuleza kwandiswa imida yayo, yena lula kwasekwa izakhiwo, nto leyo eningayakhanga kuphela kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezibonelelo; kodwa inxaxheba kwishishini lokwakha. Phakathi koko, Kakade ke, mashishini Cheboksary kwi phezulu ezintathu. Ngoko Novocheboksarsk udla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisixeko iinjineli amandla. Kufuneka owabaxelela ukuba ukusukela ekusekweni Novocheboxarsk imbali isixeko kuphuhliswa ngaxeshanye kunye kwimbali kwamandla kagesi zimanyene nayo;

• 1960 - unyaka kwesiseko Novocheboxarsk. Kulo nyaka isebe Kuibyshev "Hydroenergoproject" kuphuhlisa hlengiso lwenkqubo ekhoyo ukuze kwakhiwe isikhululo samandla kagesi Cheboksary.
• Ngowe-1963, zonke izilungiso ziyavunywa ngokusemthethweni esebenzayo, nto leyo kuthethwa elinye ukwakhiwa izityalo lombane kwi Elnikovsky ekujoliswe (oko kukuthi liyi- elizayo Novocheboksarsk).
• Ngowe-1965 Novocheboksarskaya sinikezelwe status sixeko.
• Ngowe-1967 wadala iSebe Control yokwakha yaye iCandelo HPP. Aphehla Construction Union wathi.
• Ukususela ngo-1968, ekuqaleni lokuqala kunye nokulungiselela esisiseko ukwakhiwa wamanzi. Kwesakhiwo noko libaziseko.
• Kuphela ngo-1973 kwi isikhululo elizayo iphantsi imisebenzi eziphathekayo.
• Ngowe-1980 uqala ukusebenza nesitishi yokuqala distribution HPP (OSG).
• NgoNovemba ka nyaka mnye ukudibana iVolga size siqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo, ngomhla wokugqibela kunyaka sungula iyunithi yokuqala hydraulic kwi 61 yeemitha (out of 68).
• Ukususela 1981 ukuya 1986, iiyunithi aphehla 17 bafakwa ukusebenza.
• Usomandla wagqitywa ngakumbi ngo-1985-mu kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisisiseko kwi ukuphehla kugqitywa ngowama-1986.

Cheboksary ugesi ngamanzi sisityalo - imbali eliphilileyo, ngenxa yokuba uphuhliso umsebenzi kunye nobomi isikhululo lwenzeka kwi emehlweni ababephila, nokusebenza kwayo, ngokuqinisekileyo uvelisa iziqhamo nje kuphela Chuvashia, kodwa kwilizwe liphela. Noko ke, le kagesi kukho ingxaki enkulu evelayo ukususela kumhla ekwakhiweni kwayo yaye uhlala engekasonjululwa.

Baku-anesibhozo eemitha

Ndimele ndithi, nangona imali bomsebenzi olwenziwe eneminyaka engama-35 zomsebenzi ukuze kulungelwe kwiriphabliki kunye lizwe, ulwakhiwo zesityalo amandla kagesi (HPP Cheboksary) iye akukagqitywa, kwaye ngokusemthethweni nto ingathotyelwanga ukusebenza. Isizathu kukuba namhlanje isebenza dama ngamanzi yamanqaku ayi-63 endaweni ye-68.

Kukho inkxalabo esemthethweni ukuhamba enxebeni 68: kuba nefuthe elibi yesikhululo samandla ngamanzi Cheboksary kokusingqongileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ekunyuseni umgangatho dama kuya kubangela inani iingxaki Chuvash Republic, kwiRiphabliki aseMari El kunye nommandla Nizhny Novgorod. Phakathi kwabo iqaphele izikhukula kweendawo ezithile kunokwenzeka, ukuvuthuluka umgangatho wamanzi okusela, ukutshatyalaliswa kuloo mida, lentlekele kunokwenzeka kwezendalo, umonakalo kwezolimo kunye namahlathi ezintsonkothileyo. Kweminyaka engama-35, ngelishwa, le ngxaki akuthethi ukufumana isisombululo sayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umnini zonke izibonelelo zesityalo yamandla amanzi Cheboksary nkampani "RusHydro".