Amafutha ku Boiler: omsebenzi osemqoka, iintlobo, iimpawu kunye neemfuno

Ngokuba izindlu Ukutshisa kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino, ngokunjalo yokubonelela ngamanzi ashushu Ufakelo ezizodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa - boilers. Izixhobo olu hlobo lomsebenzi inokuba ezahlukahlukeneyo kwamafutha. Ngaphezu koko, iimpawu esi sokugqibela sona kufuneka ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile. ekukhetheni okubi zepetroli ngenxa kwibhoyila inokubangela umonakalo izixhobo zokufudumeza. Yehliswe kulo mzekelo kunye nokusebenza kwibhoyila.

zokubasa

iiyunithi Umsebenzi elungiselelwe ubilisa Amanzi unakho:

• gas;
• yesibaso solwelo;
• umbane;
• amafutha okuqinileyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba zokufudumeza kwezakhiwo kunye namanzi ashushu iyasetyenziswa, igesi okanye izifudumezi zombane. ufakelo Ulwelo ezisetyenziswa kuphela kwiindawo ezikude - apho kungekho ndlela, ondle i "amafutha blue". Wood, pellet kunye namalahle nezixhobo isetyenziswa apho akukho nokude imigca namandla.

Uhlobo ithandwayo kukudla kwibhoyila yigesi. Iindleko umsebenzi ufakelo izixhobo zokufudumeza kuba kubiza imali ngokufanelekileyo. Ukufakela kwibhoyila yombane ixabisa ubuncinane lukhulu enganeno. Nakuba kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu ukuba ufakelo ifunyanwe yi igesi cheap. Umbane, njengoko naziyo, siye kwilizwe eqolo.

Ukuxhatshazwa boilers eqinileyo kunye engamanzi zixhobo zingaxabisi nokuba zitshiphu gas. Noko ke, ezifana nezixhobo, ngelishwa, akukho elula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Kwaye ke amafutha ngokwayo; kulo mzekelo, ufuna ukuba kumiselwe iimeko ezizodwa zokugcina yaye ngokufuthi zithatha isithuba esininzi.

Izifudumezi zegesi ye

Yile hlobo amafutha, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, oku kusetyenziswa xa boilers rhoqo. Ngokutsho imimiselo, kuba iinkqubo ukufudumeza lungasetyenziswa naluphi uhlobo gas - petroleum kunye nomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko kuqala ubilisa kwiindawo ezihlala abantu nezoshishino kusetyenziselwa kuphela boilers eyenzelwe ngokukodwa zenzelwe ukuba ukusebenza kunye isilinda okanye umnikazi igesi.

Kwerhasi yendalo idla kusetyenziselwa kuphela amalahle izindlu zangasese. maxa wambi kusetyenziswa Kodwa olu hlobo sibaso kwibhoyila, umzekelo, konxibelelwano obscheposelkovyh.

Imithetho boilers ufakelo "amafutha blue"

Uxokonyezelelwe-mbane, okanye amatanki egesi Izixhobo yale hlobo kuvunyelwa kuphela iingcali ezinelayisenisi. Self esecaleni umnini indlu yelizwe okanye intloko kwishishini lijongene isohlwayo kakhulu. Emva gas - amafutha kwaziwa ukuba umonakalo. Kwaye uqhagamshelwano engalunganga kwixesha elizayo lula kukhokelela kwintlekele.

iimfuno ezizodwa kunye ndawo apho iqhele kwibhoyila irhasi eyona ngokwayo. izixhobo ayide ikwazi ifakwe kumagumbi ezinokuthatha ngaphantsi 7.5-15 m ^3, kuxhomekeka ngamandla. Kweli gumbi kufuneka umoya. Ubukho ngeefestile abazizithulu kwi gumbi azivumelekanga. Kwakhona akunakwenzeka ukuba ezakunyuka kwibhoyila igesi gumbi kwimeko amandla lilonke ubushushu zonke izixhobo ezifakiweyo idlula 150 kW.

Gas: imithetho

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo ngokubekwa umgca abapasa kufuphi umbhobho unikezelo kwi "igesi yendalo" yofakelo kwibhoyila kwisakhiwo enokwenziwa phezulu okanye indlela komhlaba. Kwimeko yokuqala le migaqo kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane:

• izinto Mcetywa kufuneka udibane nazo ezinye kwizakhiwo nezakhiwo ezenziwe izinto ezinokutsha;
• nokugqwethwa imibhobho kungavumelekanga;
• elements nkqo yalo mbhobho kufuneka ibekwe ngokuthe nkqo;
• izinto ezithe tye zibekwe phezu ngokuphatha ka 2-5 mm kwicala kwesakhiwo enxibeleleneyo.

Xa sibeka umbhobho lokondla amafutha egumbini kwibhoyila phantsi komhlaba kufuneka nazo ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• njengogwali ngenxa ehambisa igesi yepetroliyamu ngaphantsi komhlaba ebandayo;
• xa ungena kwisakhiwo kungancitshiswa ukuya kubunzulu 0.8-1.2 m;
• ukubeka yombhobho kufuneka ziqhutywe kunye ethambekeni ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-1.5 mm ngemitha nganye;
• nge umbhobho igesi ulwelo ebekwe phantsi isiseko, kunye wesintu - phezu kwayo, khawugqobhoze eludongeni;
• kuzo zonke iintlobo unxibelelwano detachable yalo mbhobho zinikwe zamaqula.

oyile Izibaso ezilulwelo: Iimfuno

Boilers ezisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza kwezakhiwo zokuhlala okanye izakhiwo mveliso ibekwe kwiindawo ezikude, iphelelwe kwi-diesel. Kuba diesel, iimfuno ezizodwa isicelo izixhobo zokufudumeza. Xa ukhetha kwibhoyila diesel kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngokuyintloko iimpawu zayo ezifana:

• inombolo cetane;
• ache viscosity;
• kuqamba fraction.

inani Cetane imisela izinto ezibalulekileyo:

• ixesha ucinezelo ye sibaso kwibhoyila;
• ukuphelela ukutshiswa diesel;
• kwekhabhoni.

Ekugqibeleni, kuba linani cetane ye diesel kuchaphazela ukwanela izixhobo zokufudumeza. CN Isalathisi eliphezulu boilers ithathwa iiyunithi 40-45.

iimfuno zokugcina

Diesel oli, kwakunye negesi, - sisibaso ibhoyila ngenxa boilers, njengezinobungozi ngokubhekiselele lomlilo kunye neziqhushumbisi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka igcinwe ngendlela eyiyo. Xa kwindlu yabucala kwigumbi elahlukileyo ukuba amafutha emoto ayekwi i kuvame efunekayo ukuze kuxhotyiswe. Noko ke, ukuba amafutha emoto ayekwi egciniweyo ungaphezulu amawaka 5. Kweelitha, ukwakha indawo yokugcina kusekho abanalo ngaye.

diesel zingagcinwa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, nokuba kwiindawo zokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo ogcweleyo mayingagqithi iilitha ezingama-40.

Xa igumbi ngokukodwa exhobele diesel:

• awukwazi ukwenza ufakelo efihliweyo woqhakamshelwano, Pilot iingcingo;
• kufuneka bathumele imiqondiso evala ukusetyenziswa mililo evulekileyo.

Igumbi ngokwayo amafutha emoto ayekwi iza ezakhiwe ngezinto ezingatshiyo. Door kule meko isebenzisa uyilo okhethekileyo.

Enterprises kwiindawo ezikude, ngokomzekelo eFar North, yaye ngokufuthi uthenga uhlobo olulodwa yezixhobo - kwibhoyila zeemodyuli kwisibaso ulwelo. Xa izakhiwo ezinjalo, iindawo zokugcina amafutha emoto ayekwi zinokubakho ekuqaleni.

I indawo efunekayo ukuze nokusebenza kakuhle kwibhoyila yeoli diesel kuxhomekeke ikakhulu amandla yokugqibela. amafutha for kwibhoyila (ulwelo) ibalwa yi isekethe kunokuba elula. 10 kW umthamo kwibhoyila ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka 1 kg ye diesel ngeyure nganye.

boilers Coal

izixhobo amafutha ukufudumeza Solid yeyona ingabizi kakhulu, kodwa elula ubuncinane ukuyisebenzisa. Inkoliso yezi izifudumezi, ezifana yamaziko, osebenza carbon. Kulo mzekelo, njengoko xa usebenzisa oyile diesel, kukhetho amafutha kufuneka wasondela ngenyameko.

Uxanduva lokondla ipetroli esiluqilima umqhubi stoker kwibhoyila. Umgangatho wamalahle kubalusela emphangalaleni, kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwi ukwanela izixhobo zokufudumeza. Okukhona ngendlela abasebenzi kwibhoyila beze kukhetho yolu hlobo amafutha eqinileyo, liya lisiba lide ufakelo.

Nayiphi amalahle ubunjwe carbon kunye ukungcola zomelele. ifomu lwakutsha nje emva yokutsha uthuthu kunye zeBlack. Umlinganiselo phakathi ukungcola kunye carbon amalahle imisela bakala. Eli nani kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepetroli ziyahluka imida impela. Ngokomzekelo, isiqulatho kwekhabhoni lingite encinane kakhulu. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo fuels kwibhoyila akaze asetyenziswe.

Iba isixa esikhulu wentaba kunye zeBlack kunye lignite. Xa umgaqo, isicelo kwi kwibhoyila kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kodwa, ukwenza oku ayikhuthazwa.

Amalahle uvelisa ash encinane kwahlukile ipesenti ukufuma ephantsi kwaye isakhiwo ngokwaneleyo ashinyeneyo. ixabiso Calorific lwalo 5500 kcal / kg. Umxholo carbon ngazo yi-75%. Yile hlobo amafutha kwibhoyila bubambekayo ifanele boilers.

Iinkuni heater amanzi

Olu hlobo amafutha isetyenziswa yokuqhuba boilers zinqabile. Ukanti ngamanye amaxesha kumakhaya abantu okanye iinkampani ungabona izixhobo zokufudumeza osebenza phezu kweenkuni. Abaxhamla kule hlobo fuel wamaziko cheapness isalamane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwibhoyila xa usebenzisa iinkuni idla kabuhlungu kakhulu. Imishini eqinileyo fuel kwibhoyila izityalo ezi zilwanyana kufuneka ivele kwi ngokuphindwe 2-3 ngosuku. Lo msebenzi osemqoka efanayo ukusebenza imbawula kunye neenkuni ukutshisa kwikhaya labucala.

Akukho iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ukuba livila xa zisetyenziselwa boilers, Kakade, ayiboniswanga. Inye kuphela - uhlobo kukudla kwibhoyila kufuneka wome ngokwaneleyo. Store Iinkuni kufuneka ibe phantsi isigubungelo okanye kwigumbi elahlukileyo elincinane ezikhethekileyo - woodsheds. Ngokwemveli, ngokuba boilers, kwakunye amaziko kusetyenziswa logs oluqinile. Conifers xa itshiswe kushiya eninzi ash kunye umlotha ngenxa nentlaka. It ifanele khulu boilers amafutha oluqinileyo iinkuni ezinde.

zithutha

Olu hlobo amafutha esetyenziswa boilers elivuthayo elide. izixhobo ezifana ngokukodwa eziqwalaselelwe i ukutsha kakhulu ngokupheleleyo pellet, nokuba ngaphandle ukuyilwa wentaba. Ngamanye amaxesha lokondla zithutha ezinokutsha iyangqinelana kwibhoyila stoker zokubasa okuqinileyo. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, ezi zityalo ingasetyenziswa umxokozelo oluzenzekelayo. iinkqubo ezinjalo ukwenza izixhobo kakhulu ngakumbi lula ukusebenza.

Kananjalo kutshanje ithandwa kakhulu, namhlanje, boilers ukhululekile-to-ukusetyenziswa zeemodyuli zokubasa okuqinileyo. Ukusebenzisa zithutha ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo naye isisombululo phantse ogqibeleleyo.

iintlobo zithutha

Iintlobo amafutha leyo kwimarike namhlanje, kukho ezininzi. zithutha Industrial ezi ezingwevu-mdaka ngebala yaye ipesenti ephezulu umxholo uthuthu. Le fuel efanelekileyo ikakhulu ngenxa boilers industrial. ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekhaya kufakelo ukufudumeza amanzi enokonakalisa yokugqibela.

Agropellety olulungiswe amanxuwa izilimo. Ipesenti Umxholo ash nalo kakhulu eliphezulu. Sebenzisa la mafutha ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela kwizityalo ngamandla thermal enkulu.

zithutha White eyenziwe ngomthi debarked. Ipesenti Umxholo ash yi 0.5% kuphela. Umbala ngeengqalutye ezinjalo kubekho isibane-mthubi. Zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu. Noko ke, iingqalutye ezimhlophe sikholisa ukusetyenziselwa zasekhaya boilers amafutha esiqinileyo.

heater amanzi Electric

Inzuzo ephambili yezi boilers, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, nguye lula ufakelo. Kwaye emi Izifudumezi zamanzi olu hlobo na irhasi sitshiphu okanye amafutha esiqinileyo. Household boilers zombane zisebenza ngesiqhelo kwi-mbane kunye ombane ayi-220 V. Le yokugqibela oko akufuneki "ukutsiba". Ukuba indawo apho kusetyenziswa kwibhoyila, kukho amathontsi ombane okanye kuvuswa okanye ubuza, ekwenzeni olongezelelweyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe.