Lwegazi Biliary: Inkcazelo, Oonobangela, Iimpawu and Treatment

Ngokutsho data ekhoyo esidlangalaleni, ngoku landa inani kwezifo kwenkqubo biliary. Oku kungenxa lokuqhutywa yokuphila mpilweni, ukutya mpilweni, kanye nezici zamafa. Rhoqo ngonyaka kukho ukwanda kwezifo kukhatshwa kuphuhliso wegazi biliary. Esi sifo kakhulu kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kwinqaku lethu.

Iimpawu zesi sifo

lwegazi Biliary yeyona ukubonakalisa ixhaphakileyo yamathumba ebizwa yobubi oqhubeka isibindi kunye senyongo. Amaxesha amaninzi, le ngezifo sikhatshwa senyongo obstructive. Wabonakala intloko ithumba nepancreas uqala cofa kwi bile duct, kwaye kukho amatye okanye polyp ukukhuthaza isahlakalo xi leyo ayiniki inyongo ukugeleza. Lwegazi baphathwe ke ukuba ithe nabungozi, encediswa endoscopy yotyando.

oonobangela

Biliary high uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa iimeko zophendlo lwezifo ilandelayo:

• yamathumba ebubonisayo ebulalayo evela kwenye phecana biliary, ekhokelela uphazamiseko nencindi. Ukongeza, ukubonakala kwalo ngezifo ngenxa ucinezelo omnye zizelwe ibe ilungu neoplasm ekufuphi.
• Cholelithiasis kunye cholecystitis calculous. izifo ezifana luphawulwa ukuyilwa amatye ezingenakunyibilika kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwenkqubo hepatobiliary kunye ukubonakala senyongo.
• Ubukho irhorho imibhobho - helminths.

Kwakhona, esi sifo lisenokuba ngenxa malformations iziphene iphecana biliary, okuye i imilo oluguqulweyo apha le mithambo. Kulo mzekelo, iimpawu zesi sifo azibonakalisa ebuntwaneni.

iimpawu

Iimpawu nomfutho biliary kwi lokuqala inqanaba lophuhliso yayo, ayikho indlela musa ukubonisa ngokwabo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba izigulane ezininzi ukuqala sifo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka kulindwa kunye mpawu zilandelayo:

• yobuthathaka;
• flatulence;
• sorhudo;
• intlungu ikota yesangqa ephezulu ngasekunene.

Uphawu eziphambili kubonisa ngokucacileyo biliary lwegazi syndrome, kukunyuka ivolyum udakada ezinxulumene noxinzelelo kwinkqubo portal. Maxa wambi emva koko kwenzeka anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia.

Ngaloo senyongo khona ngenxa yoxinzelelo ngoomatshini kwi senyongo. ulwelo bangaqokelela kwi kwisisu (ascites), apho feature ukuxhathisa yayo ukuya kunyango oluqhubekayo. Ukuze bahlukane kwawo kuthatha ixesha elide. Isigulane iqala ukwandisa umthamo we esiswini, iinyawo idumbe, ukwanda lwenzeka phambi yegazi zodonga esiswini.

Ukubonakalisa ngokuqatha esi sifo ezophayo esiswini, ikholoni okanye kuvuleke iminxunya. Konke oku kunye nokugabha igazi. Ukuba ukopha lwenzeka kwi umphimbo, ithe iya kuba igazi.

ekuxilongweni

iindlela negalelo lophando lwenziwa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• ukuqinisekisa ubukho nomfutho biliary;
• ukuseka sifo, okubangele isahlakalo leengxaki enjalo.

Eyona efundisayo zithathwa ukuba ube ngezantsi iindlela kuluhlu.

ultrasound

Elinye lamanqaku ebalulekileyo ukhetha unyango isicwangciso biliary lwegazi kukuqinisekisa umgangatho ukuvala bile duct. Kulo mzekelo, indlela engundoqo non-invasive igqalwa iimviwo ultrasound kwisisu kunye nendawo retroperitoneal. Ngenxa isifo idiza ukwanda ophe kunye bile duct intrahepatic, nto leyo iliphawu a ngezifo.

lwegazi level ibloko distal Biliary luphawulwa ukwanda hepaticocholedochus, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile ngokwandisa imibhobho intrahepatic, kwaye kukho ukwanda ubungakanani senyongo. Ubukhulu bepali bile ingaphezulu kwe-10 mm kwimeko neoplasms. Kuba unit eliphezulu ukufumaneka ukubona balele senyongo kunye nokwandiswa imigudu intrahepatic. Ithumba uyaqapheleka 51,3% yamatyala.

Itomography ngekhompyutha

CT of isithuba esisu kunye retroperitoneal kunceda ukuba nombono iimpawu ubume amalungu amaninzi. Olu phando lunika ithuba ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo nxamnye kwiziseko ezinkulu nokuvavanya indlela ukuntshula yabo kwenzeka kubume ezikufutshane.

yenze uphando Radiopaque

Ukuba kukho urhano leengxaki ezifana lwegazi biliary, iingcali akholisa ukuchitha retroholangiopankreatografiyu okanye cholangiography endoscopic. Intshayelelo izinto radiopaque iindlela ezinjalo olwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa nemiphumo efanayo. Ngenxa into kwi radiograph onjalo ukuqikelela iqondo patency kwenkqubo duct.

biopsy

Uphando olunjalo ithathwa ezihlaselayo, kwaye babhenele kuyo kuphela kwimeko entsonkothileyo, ezizezi kwiimeko kuyakrokreleka ithumba. Ngokuqhelekileyo eyenziwa uzimisele isibindi trepanobiopsy phantsi kwesikhokelo ultrasound. A imali encinane kwithishyu ndiwuthabathile umthombo ngezifo, nto leyo phantsi iimviwo histopathological. Le japan kwenza kube lula ukuba bagwebe nohlobo neoplasm.

laparoscopy diagnostic

Ukuba iindlela ngentla lokuqonda ayikwazanga ukubona unobangela lwegazi biliary, wenza uqhaqho. Oko kwenziwa laparoscopy okanye laparotomy, ithuba ngexesha achithe njenge iinkqubo zokuxilonga nezinyangayo yotyando. uxilongo Ukusebenzisa enze umfanekiso ngqo intraoperative kunye biopsy. Iinkqubo zotyando zenziwa ngokungqinelana uhlobo ngezifo nazo.

unyango

Ukuba unesifo lwegazi biliary, unyango lilungiselelo angqingqwa okanye yotyando.

unyango Conservative ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi, nokuphelisa yayo eziveliswa iziyobisi ezifana "Atenolol" "Nitroglycerin", "Monopril," "Inderal", "Nitrosorbide" "Sulodexide", "ednit".

unyango Surgical wenziwa kuphela ukuba amachiza zidweliswe khange kusini na isiphumo. Olu tyando ikhutshwa phandle silubone ascites, ukopha isisu, isisu kunye kuvuleke iminxunya, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa gipersplenicheskogo syndrome. iindlela Modern zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa laparoscopy ngotyando, nto leyo kancinane ukuhlinza kunye nokuqaliswa gentle ngokusebenzisa ukusikwa ezincinane tube obhityileyo ikhamera nokukhanya micromanipulators. Kwi monitor, kukho umfanekiso, ugxininise igqirha yenza ukususwa imiqobo.

Xa kungekho icala self-medicate kwaye uthathe amayeza kunye neekhemikhali ukuba asuse ithumba, ukunciphisa ivolyum amatye esisu kunye nokususa ngaphandle kagqirha. Ukongezelela, ukuba biliary elibhaqiweyo lwegazi, isibindi nenyongo isinyi, wenza alandelayo amanyathelo unyango:

• Balirhola dropper ukugcina amanqanaba fluid nonxibelelaniseko electrolyte;
• usebenzisa amayeza kuphuculwe ukuhamba kwegazi kunye neeseli zesondlo wesibindi;
• eyenziwa therapy antibacterial;
• uchitha biliary decompression endleleni.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, i- hypertension biliary uthathwa ukuba abe sisifo esibi kakhulu. Ngokomthetho izifo ezikhokelela kwesi sifo baphathwa intsumpa. Kodwa musa ukoyika, kuba unyango ngexesha ugqirha nga asuse unobangela wale lwegazi kunye ngezifo ngokwayo.