Isifo i-Alzheimer: izinto kunye nonyango, kakuhle, impawu sokuqala, uphuhliso, ifoto isifo i-Alzheimer

isifo i-Alzheimer - sisifo leyo ekhokelela ukufa kweeseli zengqondo. Ehamba abagula kakhulu engqondweni kwaye zisebenza. Sesinye sezifo central system luvo, indlela apho nangoku kufundwe ngokupheleleyo.

iindlela isifo

Isixhobo esingundoqo uphando kuphuhliso kuwohloka neuroimaging. Ukulungiselela le njongo, CT, MRI, PIT ebuchotsheni. Ugqirha uhlola iqondo wentshabalalo lezabelo ngamnye, ngokunjalo ihlalutya unobangela kunokwenzeka kunye nesifo ezihamba.

Ukusebenzisa inkqubo EEG ivumela ukuba bagcine umsebenzi kwengqondo kunye iqondo lomonakalo yoqhagamashelo seli zemithambo-luvo. Laboratory hlalutyo lululo eqinisekisa isifo i-Alzheimer, abonisa ukuhla kakhulu α-β-42 kunye nokwanda ngaxeshanye protein tau.

Oonobangela Disease i-Alzheimer

Undoqo isifo i-Alzheimer akakafiki luxeliwe zesayensi ngawo. Namhlanje, kukho iingcamango ezimbalwa malunga ngoonobangela ukuvela nophuhliso sifo, kodwa akukho namnye kubo noko ukufumana ukuvunywa nangamanye amazwe. Indawo akhokelayo phakathi uphando ecetywayo kuthatha into yemfuza.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, bahlule amaqela 3 disease risk:

• nekorrigiruemye;
• ingxenye correctable;
• correctable.

isifo i-Alzheimer, ebangela kunye nonyango lwesi sifo - zonke ezi imibuzo zinto nekorrigiruemyh zintsonkothe kakhulu kwaye ezingasonjululwanga lo mzuzu.

Izinto yemfuza kuphuhliso

ngezifo lelifa ukuya kwi-10% yazo zonke iimeko ingxelo. Uphuhliso isifo i-Alzheimer kwi sisixhobo yemfuza iqala phambi kwiminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Gene ezidluliselwa ngendlela autosomal ngendlela lubalaseleyo: nokuba umzali wesibini asiyonto carrier, yadluliselwa kubo gene esempilweni indawo zophendlo lwezifo. child transmission amathuba ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka isiqingatha amatyala.

Nangona umba genetic olungqiniweyo, izazinzulu beyisekile ukuba uphuhliso sifo negalelo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zofuzo. Kutsha nje, ngethuba gene zophando isiphako yafunyanwa ngama chromosome-14, nto leyo ngo-70% amatyala kukhokelela kuphuhliso sifo.

Ukutyeshelwa chromosome 21 okubangela Down syndrome, ngowe-5% yamatyala ezikhokelela eqala isifo i-Alzheimer. Eyona ezinqabileyo emoyeni - gene isiphene chromosome 1 - uye amathuba elisezantsi "yomkhaya" izifo.

ubungozi eliphezulu

ezibangela Nekorrigiruemye na ukungaqheleki iziphene okanye lufundiwe yokwakheka okanye ukusebenza komzimba, esele engenakulungiseka okanye kutshintshwe. Ezi zinto zibandakanya:

• labadala (iminyaka engaphezu 80);
• ukuba nemazi;
• ukuphatheka cranial;
• ngokudandatheka udandatheko;
• ukungabikho 'uqeqesho' ukuba ingqondo.

Okunye izinto modifiable zenza iqela izifo ezibangela oyingozi okanye engapheliyo oxygen ukuhluleka iiseli neuron:

• wegazi;
• yamafutha kweenqanawa entanyeni, nentloko, ingqondo;
• nethe lipid;
• diabetes;
• nesifo sentliziyo.

Ukuphelisa sifo lunciphisa ubungozi isifo i-Alzheimer.
Kuba correctable - iyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo - ezenza ziquka:

• kwanciphisa ukusebenza komzimba;
• ukungabikho uphuhliso lweengqondo, limited;
• Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imigaqo ezingundoqo ngendlela enempilo.

Ezimbi azikho-100% isiqinisekiso ukwenzela uphuhliso sifo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba oku kwenzeke, ekhokelela kwisigqibo malunga imiba ingozi kunye nothintelo.

isigaba yophuhliso

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba isifo i-Alzheimer (iimpawu eziziiprayimari) livela kwiminyaka 15-20, ukuba umfanekiso kakhulu kwezonyango, nto leyo ebangela kubenzima kakhulu nokuthintela izifo. Namhlanje, inikwe 3 amanyathelo inkqubo yezifo:

1. Pre-clinical - ngezifo ebuntwaneni, ukuphazamiseka CNS zikhona.
2. Ixesha ephule minor - izigulana siqaphela buthathaka ubuchule ngokwasengqondweni memory sokunciphisa.
3. Iqondo lokuqala esixhalabisayo - isangqa yangaphakathi iqala ukuba uqaphele into engalunganga. Amaninzi, unako ukuqinisekisa ubukho besi sifo ngokwezonyango.

Ngalinye kula manqanaba uneempawu zawo iindlela ekubonelelweni unyango.

Uphuhliso esi sifo usemncinane

kusekwangoko isifo i-Alzheimer kuphuhliswa phambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, kunzima ukubona ngexesha ngenxa kumfanekiso yezonyango nonspecific. Iimpawu yokuqala ukuvela ngokohlobo ukulibala, ukungakwazi ukuba bacwangcise baze benze izinto lula ngaphambili. Isigulana ngokukhawuleza uyakhathala yomsebenzi ngengqondo: ukugcina ulwazi kwimemori ngokuya kuba nzima.

isifo i-Alzheimer: unobangela nonyango kusekwangoko

Isanda iphuhlisa kwisithuba seminyaka 7. utshintsho zokuqala kwi imeko yomguli uthathe indawo phantsi kwempembelelo izinto ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko apho unobangela esekwe kuzo zonke imikhosi kuthunyelwa emzimbeni wayo. Njengomgaqo, unyango wengingqi kuba neziphumo ezihle.

izigulane-Alzheimer usenokukhalaza of:

• iingxaki inkumbulo;
• imbonakalo ekukhohlweni;
• ukulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukucinga;
• izifo yezengqondo-iimvakalelo.

Mhlawumbi i-Alzheimer yayisele izalamane kubonakale. Iimpawu zokuqala ziye azibonisi kusoloko ngqo nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kodwa abaninzi ufune uncedo lonyango kunye nexesha lokufunda uxilongo.

memory ukuphazamiseka enemo-zexesha elifutshane ixesha elide, kwaye isigulane alusoloko nako ukuqaphela kubola. Le ukulibala kakhulu intshabalalo; badla abantu ekhohlo Alzheimer ngayo igesi okanye umbane, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba iziganeko ngesimilo obukhulu. Mhlawumbi ilahleko amazwi memory non-eguqukayo ngohlobo ekukhohlweni iziganeko ezenzeka kwixesha elidluleyo. iinkumbulo ukubuyiselwa Partial kwenzeka imibutho. memory ukuphazamiseka inkqubela ngokukhawuleza, emva kweenyanga ezi-6 kuphela, iimpawu okubonakala kakhulu kwaye iyingozi ubomi yesigulane.

Ukulahleka ukukwazi ukucinga kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba ingqondo kuphuhliso kwesi sifo. Maxa wambi uphawu uphawu utshintsho elibukhali elinomdla: ukubukela umabonakude endaweni yokufunda iincwadi kunzima kunye nezinye izihlandlo. ulwazi inkqubo miseka kwaye imbono bume processing okukufutshane, apho isigulane walahlekelwa isithuba kunye nexesha.

abagula ngengqondo ezifana ngamandla i-Alzheimer uqhuba

iingxaki ezinkulu nangokwengqondo kunokubangela isifo i-Alzheimer. Ubangelwa iimpawu ezinjalo wayikhanyela ngonyango ukonakala kwengqondo kunye kakubi Uhanjiso neemvakalelo-luvo. Ukunqongophala acetylcholine yokuqaphela kukhokelela ukuyilwa umonakalo amyloid. ukuxinezeleka Long-term ichaphazele ukusebenza kwenkqubo luvo, kwaye kwimvelaphi umsebenzi ezibuthathaka nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Ukunyhashwa karhulumente ngokweemvakalelo ichukumisa isifo i-Alzheimer. Sokuqala iimpawu nokuphazamiseka engqondweni zibalulwe alam womelele, benza izenzo ngqwabalala yaye okungeyomfuneko, izikhalazo ubuthongo ziyagungqa ze fitful. Maxa wambi, baye ukuhlaselwa yokuba ukugula ngengqondo ebukhali, lubonakala koloyiko elicofwayo lentshutshiso, ukudangala. Ukumqumbisa utshintsho imo naluphi na uhlobo, ukusuka ngokutsha impahla ngaphambi kokuba ukufudukela kwelinye ikhaya. Ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sikhatshwa utshintsho ixhala jikelele kuya. unyango Human abagula kakhulu engqondweni ibandakanya ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa lakhula kunye neziyobisi psychotropic.

Isifo i-Alzheimer: Ibangela, unyango kweqonga 2

inkumbulo embi kakhulu, uphawu kuphela kwesi sifo zibonakala kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi Inqanaba lesibini lophuhliso leengxaki. Esi sigulane asikwazi ukuba ukukhumbula iziganeko ezithile, naxa associative nezinye uncedo kwizalamane. Kuqala kwinto zonke, izigulane ukulibala isiganeko kutshanje, ngexesha elidlulileyo kude lihlala kwimemori.

Ukutyeshelwa ukuwakhumbula elifutshane elide kukhokelela yokuqhelaniswa olungachanekanga kwexesha. ezi esixhalabisayo angabi nako ukubeka kakuhle ixesha lekhefu enye okanye esinye isiganeko. Phantsi Uphuhliso isifo eliphakathi liyasetyenziswa ngokuzalisa Iinkumbulo engasekhoyo nenkumbulo unokuba umxholo fancy.

Ukuqhubela phambili kubangela ilahleko iyonke lolwazi ezithwalwayo, ingakumbi eziveliswa nasebudaleni nokuba isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Agcinwa kuphela ezo zakhono eziye zagonywa yabantwana abasaqalayo kwaye rhoqo ngexesha lobomi. Umzekelo, ulwazi ngolwimi lweenkobe, iindlela zonxibelelwano kunye nabantu kunye self-nkonzo.

A isici esasenza esixhalabisayo kwinqanaba 2 - ukugcinwa memory ngokweemvakalelo kunye nokungabikho eyiyo. Amaxesha amaninzi izigulane ukukhumbula ukuba unabantwana okanye abazukulwana, kodwa ukuqhagamshelana nabo ebangela uvuyo, uvuyo.

ukulahleka ingqondo

Izinto lwiimi ziveleleyo 2 nd isigaba - sanctions babenobuchule, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni geqe. Ukuphuhlisa sengqondo esixhalabisayo lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe inobulali, aphakathi kunye kakhulu.

Kubonakaliswa dementia onobulali kuchazwe ukulahleka ubuchule ukulawula imali: akunakwenzeka ukuba uzalise i-akhawunti, ukubala imali ukuze ahlawule. Ngcembe walahlekelwa isigama ezifunyenwe, kuba yindlala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane okwangoku zama ukuthintela ukulalana. Zaphazanyiswa omhle zomziba kwezandla, leyo ncwadi ngokungakhethi. Kukho ezimbi iimpazamo zegrama, nto leyo engazange khona ngaphambili.

kwengqondo okuphakathi luphawulwa ilahleko ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala, ngokufuthi intetho yomguli uba engavakaliyo ngenxa ekukhohlweni amagama kunye nokutshintshwa ekugqibeleni ngendlela efanayo-adumayo. Umntu uba singenamandla ngakumbi: ayikwazi ngokuzimeleyo ukunxiba ukuba imozulu, fumana indlela yabo ekhaya, ayilibale ukucima isitovu okanye emanzini. Ngomhla 2 nd nokubhala.Kweli yesifo Alzheimer kunye ngokulinganisela isigulane sengqondo esixhalabisayo kuye kwafuna uncedo kwaye ubukho izalamane rhoqo.

kwengqondo okumandundu

Inqanaba lokugqibela isifo i-Alzheimer luphawulwa ukuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwabanye. Isigulana angabi nako ukwenza ukutya kwabo, ukuya kwindlu zangasese, ukwenza iinkqubo zisempilweni. Intetho uba hoywa nentsonkothileyo, iqinelwa aphazamiseka, eyenza kube nzima ukuba ngokuzimela ukuhamba.

Ngcembe utsho baginye reflex. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa komzimba elide nokudumba okanye kwezifo.

Komqondo Parkinson kaThixo

isifo Parkinson kunye Alzheimer ngayo umntu avareji unalo umfanekiso efanayo lwezonyango, ukuxilongwa ngayo specialist kuphela. I-dementia ngenxa inemisebenzi ezikhethekileyo. isifo i-Alzheimer iphawulwa ukwaphulwa yinkumbulo zobuntlola. Parkinsonism abazimisele kuphela intetho kunye ingcamango uyabonakala. Into eqhelekileyo zizifo neurodegenerative kukuphela izimo zengqondo kunye neemvakalelo. Izigulane ixesha elide kwimo ukudandatheka kunye ngengqondo oyingozi.

Umfanekiso ubonisa ukuba isifo i-Alzheimer (eliboniswe ngasentla) kunye Parkinson kaThixo (ifoto ngezantsi) kuchaphazela ebuchotsheni nangomlinganiselo ongafaniyo. Isifo lokuqala senzeka nomhlehlo zexeshana kunye Hippocampus ziyenzeka umonakalo amyloid kukhokelela ekufeni kokufakelwa-luvo (ingqondo uqalisa 'yome ").

isifo Parkinson xa uhlasela inkqubo musculoskeletal: umnqonqo uyaguqa ngakumbi, isigulana siya ngokuhla. Ndibuhlungu malunga nongcangcazelo kokuqhubeka, iintshukumo zibe diskoordinirovannymi.

Unyango lwe usaqala

Siye ingqwalasela ngokwemigaqo ngokubanzi, oko kukuthi isifo i-Alzheimer. Ebangela kunye nonyango esi sifo okwangoku ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo indalo. Oogqirha njalo ukwenza uphando ukufumana ichiza ngempumelelo, kodwa ichiza akukabikho iseti phezulu ekhethekileyo, unako ukuyoyisa le sifo.

Unyango ukuba complex ezibandakanya:

• unyango ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
• Ukuqiniswa jikelele umzimba;
• ekusekweni yokucolwa engqondweni;
• ukomeleza imithambo yegazi;
• unyango jikelele ye-Alzheimer.

ixesha Kubalulekile ukuba uqale ukuthatha amayeza nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokucokisekileyo zonke iingcebiso zonyango. Bukela ukuqhubeka kwesifo kuyimfuneko Dynamics.

Kuba unyango ngobulali ukumodareyitha ukusetyenziswa esixhalabisayo ezinjalo amalungiselelo:

• "Piribedil" - kuphucula ukosuleleka neemvakalelo-luvo kwi neurotransmission dopaminergic kunye noradrenalinergicheskih CNS. Phucula inkumbulo kunye nobuchule bengqondo.
• "Pentoxifylline," "Vinpocetine" - kuphucula kwegazi, ukunqanda ukwakheka thrombi nasezimpahleni lobuchopho.
• Ginkgo biloba Isicatshulwa - lukwakhuthaza ukuveliswa neurotransmitters, ukhusela neeseli zobuchopho evela buthi, kuphucula nokuhamba kwegazi.
• "Cinnarizine," "Nimodipine" - ukwandisa iimpahla igazi ebuchotsheni, ukukhusela iiseli ukusuka lineziphumo eziyingozi calcium kwemfuneko.
• Pyrrolidone kunye nezakhi zayo - kuphucula ioksijini yengqondo kunegalelo kuqheleke protein kudibaniso obuchopho.
• "Aktovegin" "Cere" - igalelo nokubuyiselwa kokujikeleza kolwazi, ukukhuthaza iinkqubo exchange intracellular.

therapy hormone

Izazinzulu bavuma ukuba uphuhliso isifo i-Alzheimer inegalelo ekuphungulweni acetylcholine yokuqaphela. Ukungalingani phakathi imveliso kunye acetylcholine neurotransmitter acetylcholine, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inhibition kwemisebenzi neuronal. Iiseli baba ukushwabana, isithuba synapse iya kuqongqothwa, yaye iiseli zemithambo-luvo kufa. Ivula ngo-100% amatyala kuqinisekisa isifo i-Alzheimer. Photo of ingqondo zabantu esempilweni kunye nabagulayo ukuvumela ukuba ukubona ngezifo noba umntu oqhelekileyo.

Okwehlileyo ukubuyisela acetylcholine amagama ivumela intsebenziswano phakathi luvo wehlise iinkqubo ukuyilwa umonakalo amyloid. Ulingo lwezonyango aye abonisa ukusebenza cholinesterase inhibitors. Xa izigulane kunye nokuhla sengqondo esiyingozi, inkumbulo ibuyiselwe, kubuyisele izakhono self-weenkonzo kunye noqhelwaniso kwisithuba kunye nexesha.

Namhlanje ngokubanzi Iziyobisi 3 anqanda cholinesterase:

• "Aritsept" ( "donepezil" "Aricept") - kunempembelelo esembindini, isicelo ngomhla 5.10 mg ngosuku.
• 'Reminyl' (galantamine hydrobromide) - kunempembelelo jikelele, phantse non-ezingenabungozi, elungileyo ugxininise. Faka 8-12 mg ngosuku.
• "Exelon" ( "rivastigmine") - iba nefuthe esembindini, ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwe namanye amachiza iifom inkqubela ngokukhawuleza isifo i-Alzheimer. Ifumaneka ngohlobo amacwecwe, ukutyabeka, udaka. ithamo Ukuqalisa - 3 mg ngosuku.

Ukusetyenziswa cholinesterase inhibitors amayeza ukunika malunga iziphumo efanayo, kodwa isigulane ngasinye uziva ngokwahlukileyo kuthomalaliso hormone. Ukuba elinye iziyobisi akaphenduli, ugqirha ithatha analogu kwayo. Bagwebe isiphumo unyango kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kuthatha iinyanga ezintathu-kwi idosi ubuninzi.

Ezi Izimo omkhulu izifo phecana zesisu, intliziyo kunye womchamo. Isicelo yesifuba inyumoniya nabanesithuthwane kwakhona ayikhuthazwa.

Unyango yingqondo kakhulu

utshintsho ayibuyiseki umva kwi ingqondo ebangela isifo i-Alzheimer. Izinto ezibangela izifo - umba rhoqo yokuthuthumbisa abaphandi. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela sifo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa ichiza elinye kuphela ezivunywe yi ihlabathi amayeza - "Memantine". iinkqubo sisiba mandundu ku luvo alulawulwa omnye cholinesterase kuphela, le meko kuba nzima ngakumbi. astrocytes ingqondo, baqale ukuveza yoluvo - glutamate, esibulala luvo kunye astrocytes ngokwabo.

"Memantine" ilawula ngokutshintshiselana glutamate, nto leyo ethintela urhulumente kunxilwe ebuchotsheni. Iingcali ezininzi abaqhuba ukusetyenziswa "Memantine" kunye inhibitors cholinesterase, nto leyo edla kuba neziphumo ezihle.

Ichiza, esazi kakuhle umzimba, oko has a Izimo ezimbalwa (sokuwa nokusebenza kakuhle sezintso). amazwe US ne EU isebenza "Memantine 'ukuze ukunyanga isifo i-Alzheimer kangangeminyaka eli-10.

therapy lingaze

Unyango isekelwe phezu ngokusetyenziswa uyakhetha inhibitors serotonin reuptake ( "Fluoxetine", "citalopram") kunye norepinephrine. Ukongeza nempembelelo entle amachiza psyche ukuncedisa ekuphelisweni iimpawu kwengqondo okuphakathi. Ukusebenzisa lakhula enohlobo kungakhokelela kuphuhliso isifo i-Alzheimer, ngoko ngokudandatheka amisele yokunciphisa tricyclic.

Xa kusetyenziswa neuroleptics ukuphazamiseka ngengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba zikhuthaza ibinzana yingqondo. Sebenzisa kuphela kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo, oogqirha amisele iziyobisi neziphumo abanomoya kuphela.