Lermontov ngokufutshane. Imisebenzi ye M. Yu. Lermontova

Enye kwiimbongi abaziwayo Russian, "umprofeti" kwesiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, eyayiphila kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe kuphela ... Kodwa elo xesha lifutshane waba nako ukubonisa zonke iivesi zahlasela umphefumlo wakhe.

Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ubuchule Lermontov. Ngokufutshane bachukumise phezu periodization lombhali, ngokunjalo ukuthetha malunga neenjongo ezisisiseko imisebenzi yakhe.

M. Yu. Lermontov

Kunzima ukuthetha malunga nomsebenzi Lermontov ngokufutshane. Le ngxilimbela, kunye Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym.

Ixesha kakhulu siqhame Lermontov wawa banesifo zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Eli xesha kwimbali yoBukhosi baseRashiya, xa kwafika ibakala uxinezeleko nokuxakaniseka eluntwini. Emva ngokoyiswa mvukelo i Decembrists ' ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufumana iimpendulo ezintsha umbuzo ubudala ubudala: "? Ndimele ndenze ntoni na?"

Kule ncwadi, oku kuboniswa ekomelezeni enengqondo iintshukumisa imvume ukungamkeleki lweziganeko. Noko ke, waya kwelinye indlela Mihail Yurevich Lermontov (ifoto yakhe self-portraits eboniswe ngezantsi).

Ngoko ke, kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe wazibonakalisa ukuba athembeke romanticism, kodwa ngobuchule ukuhlanganisa kunye ngokoqobo kwisihobe sakhe, idrama kunye iprozi.

Okulandelayo siza kuthetha iiphiriyodi ezimbini umsebenzi wale ndoda omkhulu. Kodwa zonke iziganeko umgca obomvu ziya ukunxanela kwakhe sublime, umzabalazo, Byron kaThixo efanelekileyo inkululeko.

ubuchule abalulutsha

Abaphandi nabagxeki zoncwadi zahlulwe iiphiriyodi ezimbini bobuchule Lermontov. Ngokufutshane ethetha, le ukuyilwa sigaba lyric, eyathatha ukususela 1828 ukuya 1836, kunye ukuvuthwa. Umda phakathi kwawo ukufa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina nemveliso "Ukufa imbongi."

Ngoko ke, lo lilinge lokuqala imibono inkwenkwe leyo ayisindi ekwenzeni ngohlobo lwemibongo kuba kweminyaka elishumi elinesine. Ngeli xesha, intsapho yakhe kwavuka 'imfazwe "phakathi uyise, owabona italente unyana wakhe, ndimxhase, noninakhulu wakhe, ukuzama ukwenza le baby umongikazi ngokwabo.

Le mibongo zokuqala kwakugcwele lithemba, boyish, iinjongo zobuqhawe bayasokola. Oku kuquka isishwankathelo "yiDemon" yaye "nomboniso", kamva ibesemthethweni "Duma".

Ukongezelela kwiingxaki ngaphambili usapho, isimo imbongi uselula waphenjelelwa ngamandla ngokoyiswa i Decembrists abacinezelwa emoyeni egqubayo eluntwini.

Ngethuba umfana ombambazelayo Uqhelene iincwadi Western, ingakumbi imisebenzi Byron bafuduswayo. Ngoko ke, kwimibongo Lermontov kaThixo azalwa imifanekiso amaqhawe yothando kunye umphefumlo noko amnye ebantwini. Bathi ezizimeleyo, elambile ngenxa inkululeko, ayidele okusingqongileyo kwaye imo yomzabalazo ongunaphakade nabo.

isigaba abadala

Zaguquka uba ukufa Pushkin. Esi siganeko lenguqu ebomini umsebenzi Lermontov. Ngokufutshane, uyakwazi ukuchaza ukuba elizwini linye - ayivukanga.

Ke kaloku uMikhail uyazi kubizo lwabo njengomprofeti kunye yimbongi. Burn iintliziyo zabantu isenzi. Bonisa uluntu imeko yokwenene egqubayo yonke indawo yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Lermontov ushiya eCaucasus kwaye kude * uKhesare kunye 'somfundisi' yakhe. umoya wembongi Free kwaye nemvukelo ochasene meko ezikhoyo. ngamava akhe, lowo ubeka kulo mbongo "Umprofeti", "Ukufa a Imbongi", "Borodino", "" kunye abanye.

Kwaba ekupheleni kobomi uzelwe "yoluntu" Lermontov. Iifoto imbongi eCaucasus ubonisa obunye, ubulolo, ubonisa nzulu waza wamkela mission.

De kokufa kwakhe, imbongi avelise iingcamango kwezentlalo nezopolitiko Pushkin, Belinsky, Chaadaev. Xa umsebenzi kwexesha evuthiwe kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga bayahlelwa sizukulwana, nentlekele uthando, ukuzama ukwenza intsingiselo nendawo isihobe kwimbali yoluntu.

Le motif yomzabalazo

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, kwisihobe Lermontov kwakugcwele kakuhle mibala zothando, iingcamango kunye nemifanekiso. impembelelo iNkosi Byron ngalo mfana oselula wasinda ebomini.

Lo mbongo yokuqala M. Yu. Lermontova igcwele ubuqhawe, ukungabikho halftones, abaphethwe nokungafezeki zehlabathi lokwenene kunye neminqweno mbongi bayiqonde ngayo.

Ingakumbi zizele ovakalelwa sifumana ulutsha lwamkelwa imisebenzi ezintathu - "abathinjiweyo Knight", "Ibanjwa" kunye "Sail".

Ukuba alawule landscape kunye nemifanekiso zokomfuziselo. Umzekelo, kwi "Sail" Siza kubona umboniso kweziganeko lwangaphakathi ngomphefumlo imbongi ozama kukuveza usebenzisa inqanawa encinane walahleka elwandle.

umbongo i "Ibanjwa" lubonisa ukuhlala nje emva nemivalo yayo Lermontov kuba bavukela "Ukufa imbongi." Ubukhulu becala lo mfana wacinga indawo yakhe yoBukhosi Russian phantsi kolawulo okhoyo.

Lo mxholo busaqhubeka "abathinjiweyo Knight". Kwakhona kubhaliwe kwisigqibo eyalandela zokucwangcisa Barant. Xa umsebenzi wakhe sibona ngokuthe ngcembe uluntu ungquzulwano kunye ngamnye.

Ngoko ke, ivesi anjalo abonisa mathidala Lermontov ukunika phantsi koxinzelelo sikhokelo kunye neendibano zoluntu.

Ukudalelwa kwizizukulwana

Ngokutsho ayephila, imibongo Lermontov uvakalisa iminqweno nasekudeni nezazi, apho uninzi lo koyikiswa kukuzicingela ngako.

Imveliso engundoqo, nto leyo ezele ngokupheleleyo motif yokungaqiniseki ukuphazamiseka yokungasebenzi yoluntu kunye wabugwala, i uvuthondaba, le elegy "Duma". Xa uhlobo yayo ifane umbongo "Ukufa imbongi." Kodwa ke, ngokungafaniyo yokuqala, oko uphawu zonke izilumko, hayi izikhulu enkundleni.

imigca uMikhail kumbongo ityala ababephila wobu- kunye yokusindisa kumzabalazo yezopolitiko ukuze sibe nekamva elingcono. Kwangaxeshanye, imbongi ubiza ukuba uhlaziyo yokuziphatha nangokomoya. izimvo Lermontov kaThixo ayangenana ngokupheleleyo Ryleeva iingcinga ukuba "ummi."

Abagxeki yexesha, Herzen kunye Belinsky, yamkelwe kakuhle kakhulu imbonakalo umsebenzi. Apho Wabubona ezibaluleke kakhulu izizathu imvakalelo ukungakhathali nokunganaki awuthobe uluntu banesifo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

ukuphoxeka

Njengabanye imibongo emininzi M. Yu. Lermontova, enxulumene ukuya kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi, imisebenzi, "Ngomkhukula ubomi bube nzima ..." "Mna lophuma lodwa kwindlela ..." yaye "Kwaye ndidikwe belusizi" yanikelwa yoxolo lusizi.

Imbongi adinwe idabi olungenasiphelo kunye ngqiqweni kunye bexesha lakhe, abangafuniyo ukuva ilizwi lakhe, ukuba sivuke, intwana yokozela, ebulalayo. Oluvunjululweyo, ngokuba alunakuzola kunye nohlobo elikhutheleyo mfana ngcembe luhlala ngemixokelelwane uluntu ekhohlisayo, igwala.

Umgca ngamnye mbongo ungentla kungcatsha umnqweno kukuphuma ebuhlanti, leyo Lermontov ubomi bakhe. Yena, efana kwiminyaka yokuqala elivisayo, isekhona i kwesiphazamiso, nangona wazalwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Njengabo mbongo abaninzi ezinye Lermontov kaThixo, lo mbongo enxulumene imihlaba kunye neemvakalelo engaphakathi yombhali. In imisebenzi emithathu ngaphambi, sibona buhlungu obungenasiphelo ubulolo womntu babeka ubomi kuyo ukuphaphamisa kwisizukulwana, kodwa waya ingenzeka.

Le art eliphezulu

Hayi nje imibongo Lermontov abonisa sengqondo amileyo malunga neziganeko banesifo. Master akwazi ukuchaza iingcamango zam ezinzulu nje ambalwa. Nawuphi kungaba ezele intsingiselo efihliweyo.

Ukuba uzama uhlaziye ezimbini imisebenzi yakhe ( "Umprofeti" yaye "I Imbongi"), siza kubona intlungu okungenasiphelo ziviwa uMikhail. Eyokuqala yabhalwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa yingqondi. It sibonisa indoda ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe hero ngohlobo zonke umprofeti ndilahliwe yaye bayiqonde. Abo wanyanzeleka ukuba ahlale entlango, anyamezele ukugculelwa evela amaFilisti elimxinwa-nye.

Umsebenzi wesibini iphawulwa linani lokwazi emangalisayo. Kulo umbhali ithelekisa umsebenzi elinqatyisiweyo imbongi kakuhle eli ubukho ukulwa angababulali ngokwayo. Ekuqaleni, xa ndiswele nto, wasuka wazikrazula mail bakhonza injongo yayo. Emva - nguye nje yokudlala engenanto zegolide kwithala indibano uthuli.

isikhundla civil

Kamva usebenza M. Yu. Lermontova elide express sengqondo realist kwiziganeko ekuhlaleni, kunokuba ngokuchasene kwisihlwele labavukeli.

Ngoko ke, libonisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo indawo imbongi yoluntu kwimibongo ezifana "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga Russia", "Ukufa a Imbongi" yaye "ngokufuthi kangakanani engqongwe sisihlwele motley ...".

Kuzo sibona ubukrakra zinganakwa nomsindo kwi lilize yokomoya yoluntu. Ingakumbi onamandla imveliso yokugqibela ngasentla. It Lermontov ubonisa imaski sekukudala yoMlawuli kunye nabantu bakhe ngasemva kweenzingo, ukuthelekisa nabo balawula amaphupha kwilali ngentsasa yobuntwana. Lo mbongo yabhalwa emva bekutyelelo Year New zomkhosi eSt Petersburg ebusika 1840.

Wabaleka waza wabulawa ezintabeni Caucasus kwisiqalo hero yobomi bakhe emifutshane nangxola ngayo ibonisa ababephila kungekho kukhula. abahlalutyi kamva baye babalisa indlela uncwadi oluninzi ilahlekile. Lermontov saba iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ukuya ukuhlwayela imbewu umphefumlo wemvukelo yoluntu, pick it up emadolweni yayo emva kokuba ekubulaleni Decembrists.

uthando

Imisebenzi ye M. Yu. Lermontova ekubalulekeni kuphela lomzabalazo uwedwa abanekratshi kunye noluntu, isaqhwithi elwandle okanye bazimilise isihlwele. Kwezinye zezinto azibhalileyo sidibana kunye namava uthando. Nangona kunjalo, akukho Anibashiyanga ngengqiqo nanini intshabalalo yintlekele eyaba imbongi.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siza baziqhelanisa ngezigaba kunye izimvo eziphambili va kumsebenzi imbongi enkulu Russian.

luck ezilungileyo kuwe, abahlobo abathandekayo!