Le ngcamango ka ngolwimi olulula. imfundiso Einstein kaThixo ka

SRT, Toe - phantsi kwezi ngoonobumba ifihle phantse zonke eziqhelekileyo elithi "imfundiso ka". Ngamagama alula, uyakwazi ukuchaza yonke into, nkqu utsho buchopho, ngoko musa ukuphelelwa lithemba ukuba andithanga ndikukhumbule physics eliphezulu-esikolweni, kuba kulula okunene kakhulu kunokuba ibonakala.

theory nucleation

Masiqalise ikhondo "Theory ka for Dummies." Albert Einstein wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1905, yaye oko kwabangela ukuba livakale izazi. Le mfundiso phantse ngokupheleleyo iquka izikhewu ezininzi nokungangqinelani kwi nokwakheka ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, kodwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wajika ingcamango isithuba kunye nexesha. Xa ezininzi Einstein ukuba imvume ababephila kwaba nzima ukukukholelwa oku, kodwa uhlolisiso nophando ingqina kuphela amazwi sisazinzulu enkulu.

imfundiso Einstein ngayo ngo ngolwimi olulula wachaza ukuba apho abantu wawalwela kangangeenkulungwane. Oku kungenziwa ngokuba isiseko bonke physics mihla. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba siqhubeke sithetha ngayo kwithiyori kwezinto, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa imibandela. Ndiqinisekile nqaku ukuba abaninzi ukufunda inzululwazi ethandwayo, sijamelene ngoonobumba ezimbini: SRT kunye GRT. Enyanisweni, ukuthini izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala - lo mbono ekhethekile ka, kunye nezinye imela "Umbono jikelele ka."

Kwathi malunga isakhiwo

Sto - ingaphezulu ingcamango yakudala, leyo kamva yaba yinxalenye theory jikelele ka. Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa iinkqubo ebonakalayo kuphela izinto ehamba ngesantya esifanayo. Ithiyori jikelele uyakwazi ukuchaza ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni na izinto uqhu- uze ucacise ukuba kutheni kukho amasuntswana graviton nondiliseko.

Ukuba ufuna ukuchaza isindululo kunye nemithetho ubucukubhede, kwakunye ukuzalana isithuba kunye nexesha njengoko sisondela isivamvo sokukhanya - oko ukwenza le mbono ekhethekile ka. Ngamagama alula, uyakwazi ukuphinda uyicacise ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umzekelo, abahlobo elizayo okunike isiphekepheke ukuba inokubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu. Empumlweni le gun iziphekepheke ixabiso, ekwaziyo photons ukudubula yonke into eza kuqala.

Xa shot zitshiswa, inqanawa xa kuthelekiswa amasuntswana ukuhamba kunye Velocity ukukhanya, kodwa njengombukeli ngokusengqiqweni zokubhala kufuneka ukubona isixa ngezantya ezimbini (photons ngokwabo kwaye inqanawa). Kodwa into enjengale. I-mkhanyo iza kubona ziluhlaza, ihamba ngesantya ka-300,000 km / s, ukuba isantya umkhumbi zero.

Eyona nto kukuba enoba ngokukhawuleza ezihambayo into, isantya sokukhanya kuye a ubukhulu rhoqo.

Le ngxelo i intelekelelo engaqhelekanga eziphambili ezifana ubugqwetha kunye deceleration ixesha, ngokuxhomekeke ubunzima kunye uqina le into. Oku sisiseko yamabali amaninzi bhanya-bhanya yenzululwazi kunye series TV.

Theory jikelele ka

Ngamazwi alula ziyacaca kwaye voluminous kwezinto ngokubanzi. Ukuba uqale ukuthatha ingqalelo into yokuba indawo yethu-mbini emine. Ixesha kunye nendawo adityaniswa i "isifundo" ngokuthi "isithuba-ixesha eziqhubekayo." Kwesi sithuba, ezine ukunxibelelanisa nezamazembe kukho: x, y, z t.

Kodwa abantu ingenakuthatyathwa ngqo neempawu ezine, kwakunye nabantu yezinto ikhiwa abahlala kweli hlabathi ezikumila kumacala mabini, akakwazi ukukhangela phezulu. Enyanisweni, ihlabathi lethu kwingqikelelo kuphela isithuba-mbini emine.

An into umdla kukuba, ngokutsho kwezinto ngokubanzi, umzimba ayitshintshi ngexesha isindululo. Objects kwihlabathi-mbini emine akanasichazi kusoloko ngokufanayo, yaye xa uqhuba utshintsho kuphela uqikelelo zabo, nto leyo thina abavakalelwa kwexesha ubugqwetha, unciphiso okanye ukwanda ubungakanani, njalo njalo.

Linga ikheshi

Ngomhla ingcamango ka ngolwimi olulula uyakwazi onokumxelela nge ingcamango experiment kancinane. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni ukuba zekheshi. Owayelapho zavakaliswa ngeli, kwaye ube kwimo weightlessness. Kwenzeka ntoni? Izizathu babe ezimbini: nokuba ikheshi kwendawo okanye ukuwa phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane-langa. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba awukwazi ukufumana unobangela weightlessness, ukuba awukwazi kwabakhangela lift ndlwana, oko kukuthi, iinkqubo ezimbini zikhangeleka ngokufanayo zonke.

Mhlawumbi wachitha ingcamango Into efana nale, Albert Einstein weza wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukuba iimeko babini yinto enzima omnye komnye, oko kuthetha ukuba eneneni umzimba phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane na ukhawulezisa, ikho nokubakho intshukumo ukuba uyaguqa phantsi kweempembelelo umzimba enkulu (kulo mzekelo, umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle ). Ngoko ke, lo intshukumo okukhawulezileyo - oku kuphela uqikelelo motion efanayo isithuba-ntathu.

into isifundo

Omnye umzekelo omhle kwi "kwezinto Theory for Dummies." Akanguye ilungile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ilula kakhulu kunye nezibonwayo. Ukuba laphu sesa ukuba nayiphi na into, yenza a "aphambuke", "ifanele". Zonke umzimba ezincinane kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba ukuzigqwetha isikhokelo ngokungqinelana ugobile esitsha isithuba, kwaye ukuba umzimba amandla kancinane, ngokubanzi ke asikwazi ukoyisa le ifanele. Noko ke, ukususela yokucingela into ihamba, isikhokelo yi umgca othe ngqo, abaziva ukugoba indawo.

Lamandla "demoted"

Nokufika ka jikelele, lamandla akusekho amandla yaye ngoku iyahlutha kunye nendawo isiphumo elula ugobile isithuba kunye nexesha. GRT kunokubonakala kwamnandi, kodwa luguqulelo yokusebenza yaye kuqinisekiswa imifuniselo.

A lot of izinto ezibonakala emangalisayo kwihlabathi lethu onokuchaza ngobhalo kwezinto. Ngamazwi alula ezi zinto ngokuba nemiphumo ka jikelele. Umzekelo, reyi ukukhanya, ebhabhela umgama omfutshane ukusuka imizimba ezinkulu, zibe egosogoso. Ngaphezu koko, izinto ezininzi isithuba enzulu zifihliwe omnye komnye, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imitha yokukhanya Zityede nezinye imizimba, amehlo ethu (okanye mandithi, yaza yabonisa Array) ziyafumaneka, izinto ezibonakala ezingabonakaliyo. Yinto zonke ngokufanayo, ukuba ukukhangela ngaphaya kweendonga.

Kukokona womxhuzulane, ukuhamba kancinci phezu komhlaba ixesha into. Oku kusebenza kuphela imizimba omkhulu efana nenkwenkwezi neutron okanye imingxunya abamnyama. Umphumo kwexesha komlomo ibonakala nkqu ehlabathini. Umzekelo, izixhobo for navigation satellite mayixhotyiswe wotshi atomic ngqo. Bona kwindledlana le planethi, kwaye xa kukho uphawu kancinci ngokukhawuleza. Hundredths of a yesibini emva kosuku iza kuphuhlisa kulo mzobo, nto leyo eza kunika ukuya km 10 impazamo kubalo indlela ehlabathini. Bala ngesiphoso evumela oko ngobhalo kwezinto.

Ngamazwi alula lungabonakaliswa njenge: kwezinto ngokubanzi sisiseko lobuchwepheshe ezininzi mihla, wabulela Einstein, ngaba asiye sifune kwi ebumelwaneni pizza parlour angaqhelekanga kwithala leencwadi.